Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich: Soviet Grandmaster chess me te kaituhi

Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich - Soviet me Russian Grandmaster whaikīngi, he nguha mo te taitara o te toa ao i roto i te 1951, toa e rua o te USSR. whakaaro Bronstein i tetahi o nga kaitākaro kaha i roto i te ao mai i te waenganui-1940 ki te waenganui-1970 a. ka karanga hoa tona pukenga auaha me te ariki o tātai. I tua atu, kua reira kua mohiotia chess kaituhi, kua riro tona pukapuka "International Grandmasters Tournament" he mātāpunenga tūturu mō tīmata me ngā kaitākaro atu mātanga.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich whanau February 19, 1924 i roto i White Ekalesia (Ukraine), i runga i te rohe o te Soviet Union, i kawea mai ki runga i roto i te utuafare rawakore Hurai. Matua - Jonas B. - ko te kaimahi ohie i roto i te wheketere mira, me tona whaea - Maria Davydovna - i roto i te tiaki o te tari mō te mahi i roto i nga wahine (kaimahi me peasants Division) i roto i te komiti ā-rohe. I te tau 1926 oho Bronstein whānau ki te pa o Berdyansk, e tata ana te rohe Azov, a hohoro, i roto i nga tau e wha, oho ki Kiev. Here Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich tuatahi haere ki te kura. Ko pai te nui te tamaiti, ko te attraction nui ua ia mo nga wāhanga rerekē me porowhita - he hiahia i roto i te pāngarau, whaikīngi me te aeromodelling.

Kiev Chess School

I te tau o ono, whakaakona tona koroua ia pehea ki te tākaro whaikīngi, a hohoro riro te kēmu tata te tikanga tino nui o te ora mo ia. Kei te pau tonu te tangata wā i te chessboard, i taea e ara tākaro ia ki a ia. I te tau o te tekau ma rua, riro Rawiri tona whakataetae chess tuatahi (whakataetae tū i te kura). Ko tenei paetae te take faaitoito ki uru atu te wāhanga chess. Tona kaiako ko te whaikīngi rongonui ariki ao Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Kua awe Chess kura te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga o te kuao kaitākaro whaikīngi, a hohoro rima whai wāhi Rawiri Bronstein i Kyiv Chess Championship, i tangohia e wahi tuarua. Te tau e whai ake nei, e ono toa te taitara o te Kaiwhakaako o Sports (1940) a Rawiri, oti tuarua i roto i te Ukrainian Chess Championship.

wā pouri

I roto i te 1937 Kei te haere Bronstein te utuafare i roto i te ati nui - ka whiua tona papa hei hoariri o te iwi, a ka whakawhiwhia ia ki te mutunga o te puni mo 7 tau. I roto i te heke mai, kitea tenei meka e i roto i o Rawiri i te whakarau. I puta ia i te kura nui i roto i 1941, i te taitamariki kaitākaro chess mahere ki te ako pāngarau i te University o Kiev, engari te "tikokitanga" te ingoa o te hapu āraia te ara ki te whare wānanga.

Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui: te ora o te chess

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic, takoha he kuao kaitākaro chess i ki te haere ki te pa o Ordzhonikidze (inaianei Vladikavkaz), i roto i te Caucasus, no te mea i tonoa e ia ki te mahi i roto i tetahi o nga hohipera (rite ki nga ture o te whawhai). I roto i te ope Soviet kī ngaro taitamariki kaitākaro chess no o kanohi rawakore. ka ui Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich toutou ki te haere noa ki te mua, engari kihai i tangohia e te reira. I roto i te 1943, ka ko te rangatira o te whawhai i Stalingrad, Bronstein, tonoa tahi me te te ropu tinei to'u tupú ki hangaia anō tāone. I roto i haora mahi, mahi ia i te pae hanga, me i te po ako ia, ka pai ake ngā rerekētanga o tatau whaikīngi, tuhi ngā i runga i kongakonga o te pepa.

I muri wikitoria te Army o Whero mo Nasí Germany i karangatia te taitamariki Bronstein ki Moscow - ki te whai wāhi i roto i te tekau ma toru USSR Chess Championship, i roto i nei korero a Rawiri ki te hua, kaua kino: riri hākinakina whakaongaonga whaikīngi ki te whakawhanake atu. Heoi, i roto i te 1945, ka tomo Bronshteyn Rawiri Ionovich te Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, te wahi ako ia mo te tau.

Whakatutukitanga me ngā taitara

whakatuwheratia atu maere taranata tūturu Bronstein i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua. I roto i te 1946, ia He pakari whiua hoariri katoa i roto i te whakataetae chess taitara i Moscow, a i roto i te tau 1948 me te 1949. riro ia te USSR Chess Championship. Ko te whakamanamana ao nui tuatahi whakataetae o Bronstein i Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) i roto i te 1948, i reira i whakawhiwhia e ia te taitara o te Grandmaster.

I roto i te 1950, whakahaeretia Budapest whakataetae kaitono chess i roto i nei Bronstein pono whiwhi noa ki taua kaitākaro kaha rite Ihaka Boleslavsky, Kiriona Stahlberg ko Paora Keres. Ka rite ki te hua, ka te Grandmaster Soviet te toa o te whakataetae kaitono i roto i te 1950, a inaianei i roto i te ara o Rawiri i anake he toa ao - Mikhail Botvinnik.

Ko te ōrite hoki te taitara ao ki Botvinnik

I te tau 1951 ka tutaki ia Mikhail Botvinnik (toa o nāianei ao) ko Rawiri Bronstein (kaitākaro whaikīngi, e riro te kaitono whakataetae) i roto i te kēmu mō te taitara o te toa ao. e kore chess tūmatanui Ao i faaite i te tirohanga e taea Bronstein kia etahi tūponotanga ki te riro - hutia katoa mo Mikhail Botvinnik. Ko te kēmu rawa uaua mō ngā kaitākaro e rua i muri ko te utunga te whitu o te kaute 4: 3 i roto i manakohia o te toa tiakina. tonu te pakanga, tētahi riro kaitākaro tahi e te tahi whakaae ranei ki te Unuunu. Ko te taitama Bronstein i tākaro maitai, i nga wa e au ra te reira e ka waiho i te kaitono te toa. Na, ko tenei te wa! score Tapeke i muri i 22 meneti te rōpū i muri Bronstein - 11.5: 10.5. He ko anake rōpū e rua ki te "toa" te taitara hōnore. whawhai rite pai taea ia Rawiri Ionovich, engari ngaro te kēmu penultimate ki te bang, te tākaro i te mutunga pāhekeheke. Ko te kēmu whakamutunga mutu i roto i te Unuunu - te kaute katoa i 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik ka tohe manawa whakamutunga te tika ki te kakahu te karauna chess. I raro i nga ture o te ao aito whaikīngi, he Unuunu - he taunakitanga e i awhina te taitara mā te kingi toa tenei.

ähua tino marie a tae noa ki te manawa reka Bronstein, ka mea: ". Kaua e manukanuka, riro ahau Botvinnik, pai titiro koe katoa ki ahau ki o ratou mangai tuwhera"