Battle o Tsushima 1905. Naval Battle i te Moana o Hapani. Tsushima Strait

Battle o Tsushima i 1905 o te kaipuke Russian Kiwa i te Japanese Imperial Navy tukua he hinga kuru. Ka rite ki te hua, te whawhai te moana i patua, ka whakangaromia matua hoia Russian. Ko te wahi matua o manuao Russian te aro nā heramana Japanese me waipuke ki ngā mema o te waka. Kua kauwhautia ētahi kaipuke ratou tuku, ka hoki e wha anake kaipuke ki nga takutai o tona whanga Māori. whawhai Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) mutu ki te mate hōia nui o te kaipuke Russian atu te rohe o te motu Tsushima (Hapani). He aha e nga take mo te mate, a reira ko tetahi putanga taea o ngā?

Ko te āhuatanga hōia, me te tōrangapū i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti

ka anga Russian-Japanese whawhai o 1904-1905 ki te pehipehi i nga kaipahua kaipuke Japanese whawhai i runga i te kaipuke Russian e tu i roto i nga rori o Port Arthur. i pakaru rua waka pūrepo taimaha, me te kotahi oko mata e te whakaeke tōkiri. History o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti kua he rota o te mahi hōia. i hangaia katoa o ratou ki te hopu me te anō-wehenga o ao o mana i roto i tenei wahi o te whenua Russian.

hiahia o Japan ki kingi i roto i apato'erau China me te kūrae Korean kaha tautokona e Britain, me te United States o Amerika. Ko te torutoru hoa Russian, pērā i France, Germany me etahi, i runga i te take o te tiaki o whenua Russian kaha tautokona Russian Emperor Nicholas II. Heoi, i roto i nga taime whakatakotoria o rautaki tamata ano noho kūpapa. Whakatairanga hoa whakakitea anake ka ōrite ki ō rātou ngākau nuitanga arumoni.

Rautaki whakatau-hanga

Tonu te intensifying te whawhai Japanese Port Arthur, te turanga matua o te Russian Pacific Fleet, takoha Emperor Nicholas II ki te tango i mehua whakatakotoria. hanga te whakatau i roto i te Hōngongoi 1904. I tonoa e te vaivai o te matua hoia Kiwa ki te hinga, me te whakangaro i te kaipuke Japanese i Kronstadt matua hoia i raro i te ārahitanga o Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Ko reira i ite i te ara i te kaipuke Baltic tangohia e te Port Arthur, me nga kaipuke katoa i roto i te ara waipuke. Kei te ngaro te kaipuke Kiwa. Ko te hītori moana o te Russian Far Te Tai Rāwhiti tenei. Heoi, whakatau Nicholas II ki tonu i te ara o te kaipuke emepaea ki nga takutai o Hapani. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapakari i te matua hoia whawhai i te Moana Baltic i kua tonoa he wehe o kaipuke whawhai o Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

hoariri mana huhua

Te ahunga whakamua i roto i te pakanga o Tsushima taea te wawetia hoki e te maha o ngā wae o te taha whakahawea. ngā te Pacific kaipuke Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky:

• 8 matua hoia o pūrepo taimaha kaipuke (tama'ii) ki 4 Japanese;
• 3 tama'i Coast Guard ki 6 kaipuke o te hoariri;
• 1 ki te 8, kreyserny wae armadillo Imperial kaipuke Japanese;
• 8 ki te 16, mua kau fakasio Japanese;
• 5 ki te 24 āpiti o marae hōia o Japan;
• 9 Russian ki 63 Japanese kaiwhakamate.

Ko te painga kitea o whawhai te Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro korero hoki ano. Ko te wheako o te whawhai kaipuke Japanese nui Russia i ngā āhuatanga katoa, ahakoa te meka i ko nui taonga io te hītori o whawhai naval i Russia. Japanese pere hōia whakairo taukei te toi o hinga te hoariri i te whānuitanga roa, ki te pukupuku kotahi ki te maha o nga kaipuke. kihai i tenei wheako he tāruru Russian. Ko te mahi matua o te wā ko te whakatūtū emepaea (rārangi), taputapu moana, puritia nei te tau i runga i nga whakahau o Hiha Nicholas II.

Hape me miscalculations admiral Russian

Ko te whāinga rautaki o te rerenga o Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo ko te hopu o te moana o Hapani. I tukua he tu'unga taua e Emperor Nicholas II. Heoi, kua kite ZP Rozhdestvensky tona whakaaro whakahaere o te whai ake: i tetahi ope, ahakoa o te mate pea o ratou kaipuke, ki te wahi i roto i ki Vladivostok. Ko reira taea e ki circumvent te motu Japanese ki te rawhiti, e te mea whakatau tika rautaki, me te Tsushima whawhai manuao E kore e tangohia e te reira i wahi.

Engari i whiriwhiria e te admiral he rerekē, ara poto. I whakaritea e te reira ki te haere i roto i te wahi kuiti. Korea Strait honotanga te Te Tai Rāwhiti China me te moana o Hapani, haere huri noa i te motu o Tsushima, i, i roto i te tahuri, e rua ara: ko te hauauru, me te irava rawhiti (Tsushima Strait). Ko reira i reira e te kaiwhakatere Russian ka tatari Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

Kua āraia irava katoa

Kua whiriwhiria te rangatira o te kaipuke Japanese te mahere rautaki tika mo te whawhai taea. whakaritea kaipuke tautiaki mekameka i waenganui o nga motu, e taea e te rangatira e pā ana ki te nekeneke me te huarahi o te kaipuke Russian taea. I runga i nga waho o Vladivostok Japanese tupato hoatu maina. Ko rite hoki te whawhai katoa. kaipuke Japanese tūmanakohia Battle o Tsushima huarahi o te kaipuke Russian. Pacific Fleet rangatira i pai ki te tirotiro moana, wehi kitea o tona matua hoia kau fakasio maramarama hoariri.

Maranga wawe i te ata, i te whawhai o Tsushima, te rā o Mei 14, 1905, timata.

Ko te putanga kitea o te whawhai matua o te Russian-Japanese War

Tukua he taua Armada paipōro o toru moana whakaaro haurangi tokomaha. I roto i tonoa tenei pakanga kanga hoia ki ngā tikanga tawhito, clocked ake rau o nga mano o maero, me te hou, te oti hohoro, i kore haere nga oko whakamātautau. kōrero tonu heramana ki o ratou kaipuke rite popohe taata sentient. kihai i Armadillos ki nga ingoa o tianara rongonui rite āta hiahia ki te haere ki etahi mate.

E titi ratou i runga i te ara ki raro i te pepa, totohu atu i te taiepa wheketere i hanga, ka noho ki raro, i runga i te pēke, i mahi tohu whakatūpato rite kitea o ratou maatua e.

e kore e whakapono ki te reira i roto i tohu?

I te timatanga o 1900 i roto i te taiwhanga tahuna tauira whakaminenga o te tama'i "Hiha Alexander III». I tohua te whakarewa o tenei kaipuke i te hinga o te pou haki ki te paerewa emepaea me haere tahi e te patunga tangata.

Tama'i "Eagle" totohu i te whanga ā, me muri noho paea e rave rahi taime, hopu ki te matua hoia i roto i te Gulf ake. kihai i tama'i "kororia" i roto i te whānui i taea ki te haere hīkoi.

Heoi, i mohiotia te kupu nui rawa o tetahi e ruarua. Mahuru 26, 1904 i roto i te kakai (Tallinn mua) puritia te parade emepaea rawa. haere Nicholas II a tawhio noa katoa nga kaipuke, ka hiahia heramana ki te tae Port Arthur me te hono ki te matua hoia tuatahi o te Pacific Fleet ki te rangatira tahi te moana o Hapani. He wiki i muri mai, e whitu tama'ii, cruiser, mahue ake nga kaipahua ratou takutai taketake. Kua timata 220-ra pakanga ki takutai Japanese roa o 18 mano maero.

Hokohoko

Ko te raruraru matua fehangahangai e te whakahau matua hoia, - ko reira he raruraru ki te wahie. I raro i te ture moana ao i te wa kia haere i te manuao o te ririhau ki te tauranga o te rōpū kūpapa mo te ra anake. Ingarangi, ko wai te mana te nuinga o nga teihana utanga i runga i te ara o te matua hoia, katia ona tauranga mo nga manuao Russian.

Supply Squadron waro, kai me te wai hou, i ki te whakarite i tika ki te moana. Hoki te hanga i rite rawa ai ki te motuhake ki tētahi awheawhe "Kamchatka", oti ki tūao kaimahi. Ratau, ngā ano e ratou te whakarau o te heramana. I roto i te whānui, i te whakatinanatanga o te mahi rautaki o taua mana unahi te score rawa.

Ko te utanga o waro faingataa runga i te moana nui, te wera pārūrū fuu, ka tae te pāmahana i roto i te ruma kōhua 70º degrees, he tupuhi nui atu te Cape o Hope pai - tenei katoa i kore mutu te kaupapa o te matua hoia. Tetahi o nga kaipuke kihai i tahuri hoki.

Āmio fononga roto e toru moana

matua hoia Russian, rite te wairua i runga i te pae, uaua tata nga tauranga me whanga. titiro whakamau te ao katoa i te reira neke. i overloaded International waea me te waea rārangi. Kaituhi me kaipūrongo i tiaki matua hoia me te ara katoa:

• Port Said (Ihipa);
• Djibouti (Africa Te Tai Rāwhiti);
• Aden (Īmene);
• Dakar (Henekara);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (Awherika ki te Tonga).

Otiia i kāore i whai katoa. Ko te waka wā roa-tuatahi i roto i te Bay Masiba (Madagascar). He te hoki piri ina tauihi ana kapa Rear Admiral DG Felkerzama papamuri, te tapahia poto whakamutunga i roto i te Suez. I roto i te mahi i roto i Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky i whakaae ia o te ngoikore o ratou kaiwhakahaere ki tika kopere a te parepare tika.

Heoi, he kore ohorere tenei. Crews i hanga e te nuinga o taritari me te pouaka utu. E rua marama i muri mai - peke puta noa te Indian Ocean. Ore tutaki matua hoia ngenge ki kaihao Hainamana i roto i te Straits i Singapore, te Vietnamese i Cam Ranh. Latest halichondriidae taea kite i te motu o te peara tini Jeju Korean. Tino hohoro timata Battle o Tsushima, te rā o te mate o te matua hoia whakatata.

Ko te salvo tuatahi i te hoariri

I roto i te 13 haora takoto 40 meneti tino nui tama'i "Prince Suvorov" arahina e te ana'iraa Kāpene 1 V. V. Ignatsiusa i runga i te akoranga te raki-rawhiti 23. E iwa meneti i muri mai, ka whakatuwheratia e te ahi ana pu i runga i te kaipuke Japanese, a tae noa rererere whakautu pakarutanga i te rua meneti waipūtanga. Tsushima timata te whawhai manuao. Te nuinga o te putanga kaumoana i mārama noa i Petersburg.

Mai i te pukapuka ki te rangatira o te waka o nga tiaki tama'i "Emperor Alexander III» Captain paetukutuku 3 NM Buhvustova: "E hiahia ana koe ki a tatou riro. Takekore ki te mea, e hiahia ana matou i te reira. Otiia e kore e he toa. I te wa ano, ka fafau ahau e tatou e mate katoa, engari e kore e hoatu e ake ". i pupuri te rangatira i tana kupu, a ka patua me te hanganga tonu o te tama'i.

Battle o Tsushima, poto e pā ana ki te matua

I roto i te 14 haora, me te 15 meneti, rite toru tekau-rima meneti i muri i te tīmatanga o te whawhai, te tama'i "Oslabya" ahu e Kāpene paetukutuku 1 V. Baer, ki kaha ihu Vasitis me te ahi nui i runga i te Rostra whakataka iho, ka hinga ki runga ki te taha ki maui . Tekau meneti i muri mai, i ngaro ia i raro i te wai, ka mahue anake nga whatiwhatinga rakau me te pātiki i roto i te wai te tangata i runga i te mata.

He meneti torutoru i muri i te matenga o "Oslabya" tetahi i muri i te tahi atu i roto i o kaipuke kia aro nā heramana Japanese.

Na roto i te 16 haora i roto i o te raupapa tama'i "Prince Suvorov", i kino nei i ahua ke e anga Japanese. Te haamana'oi te te motu mura, he mea e pā ana ki e rima haora ki te whakaata whakaeke hoariri. I roto i nga meneti whakamutunga o nga kaiwhakatere Russian hoki ahi ora trohdyuymovki me raiwhara anake. riro tama'i whitu täia tōkiri ka haere i raro i te wai.

He iti mua whakahaere ahau ki te tango Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo ki te tokotoko i runga i te kaipahua "Wild Kotahi". i whakatahia te katoa o 23 iwi. kahore tetahi i taea ki te whakaora ake. whakahau ia te tama'i, a mate ki runga ki a ia rangatira o te ana'iraa 1, pūmanawa kaipeita moana Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

I roto i te whānui, i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese mate rua artist whakamiharo, ki alumni e rua o te Marine Corps, a na te i'oa tonu tāpiritanga ke. Ko te artist tuarua - ko Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, toremi me te tama'i "Petropavlovsk" atu te rohe o Port Arthur. I i te wa ano ki a ia i patua, me te Admiral S. O. Makarov, e kua riro maha whawhai moana i roto i Russia, a ko te kororia, me te whakapehapeha o te tāruru Russian. I muri i te tino nui "Knyaz Suvorov" ngaro Russian Imperial Fleet:

• "Sisoy Veliky" i raro i te whakahau a Kāpene paetukutuku 1 M. P. Ozerova;
• tama'i "Navarino", arahina e Kāpene 1 Kapa, Baron B. A. Fitingofom;
• cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" he kaimahi ki te muri nga whakaraua rangatira paetukutuku 1 A. Rodionova;
• tama'i "Admiral Ushakov", ko tona rangatira ko Kāpene paetukutuku 1 V. N. Mikluhina (patua kaipuke te whakamutunga o te matua hoia Russian);
• "Admiral Senyavin" arahina e te ana'iraa Kāpene 1 S. I. Grigorevym, i riro e te Japanese.

tonu te ati

Battle o Tsushima i 1905 atu me te ake kawea atu ki te kaiwhakatere Russian hohonu, me o ratou kaipuke. haere tetahi mate tama'i kopa ki te wai ki te ringa katoa i runga i te poari. Tae noa te meneti whakamutunga i roto i te tangata - i te rangatira ki te STOKER - atawhai te tumanako e ka waiho reira taea ki te hinga i te pakanga nanakia o Tsushima (1905) me te rohe Russian i runga i te akoranga te raki-rawhiti 23 mea. Ko te mea matua - ki te ora. He tokomaha kua mate ki tenei whakaaro. kaiwhakatere Russian i runga i te ara tama'i rere tahi tiro te wahi o te mate o ratou hoa. E komuhumuhu pango i ngutu tahu. "Okioki te Atua ratou wairua, e te Ariki"

Ngaro ki tona waka katoa o te tama'i "Hiha Alexander III», a muri "Borodino". Semeio mawhiti tetahi anake hēramana. Ko te putanga o te whawhai, ko te mutunga foregone. Battle o Tsushima i 1905 i hanga whakaaro tatou e pā ana ki te paari rahi o te tāruru Russian. Te ata i muri mai, i muri i ora i te tōkiri po patu i tukua nga toenga o te matua hoia Russian ki te Japanese Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. I muri mai i whiua Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov ki tekau tau 'herehere i roto i te whakawa o te Kooti Naval o tana Imperial Nui.

Ko te whakarau o te rangatira

Ko te rangatira o te kaiwhakangaro "Wild tetahi", e ora ai Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, rangatira o te ana'iraa 2 Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Ko te tino mīharo te whakarau o tenei tangata. Tae noa te Pakanga Russian-Japanese, ko ia he hydrographer nui, haere, kairangahau o Taimyr, te rangatira o te Icebreaker "Ermak". uru ia i roto i te ope neke Russian o Baron Eduard Toll. Hoki mai ki a Russia i muri Tsushima, te wahi whakanuia ia ia kia rite ki tetahi o nga rangatira runga o te Russian Navy, whakahau nn Kolomiitsev ngā kaipuke. I roto i te Pakanga o te Ao ka e ahau te ino-admiral. I te tau 1918 ka mauheretia ia i te mua, ka herehere i roto i te a Pita, a Paora pourewa. I roto i te nuinga o nga pukapuka o nga haurongo wā Soviet o nn Kolomiytseva mutu ki te kupu: "Mate i roto i mua, a Īhaka i roto i 1918." I roto i te 1972, i homai tona ingoa ko kaipuke hydrographic hou. Anake tata i kitea te reira i roto i taua i roto i 1918 rere Nicholas Kolomiitsev ki Finland. I muri whawhai ia i roto i te Moana Black i te taha o Baron Wrangel. Na ka oho ia ki a France, a mate i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i raro i te wira o te taraka hōia i te mutunga o 1944. Ko te kupu, ko te kaipuke "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" te tetahi anake i roto i te kaipuke Soviet Navy ingoa i muri i Admiral o te White Guard me expat.

mōhiohio hītori

Mai i te rārangi o te nuu o te wa i ora nga kaipuke e rua kaiuru Battle o Tsushima tae noa ki to tatou ra. Kei te pai te mohiotia te reira i te cruiser "Aurora" me te tama'i Japanese "Mikasa", te tino nui o Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" i Tsushima tukua ki te hoariri e pā ana ki e rua mano anga, he, i roto i te tahuri, e rua tekau-kotahi hit. i te cruiser kino, kotahi tekau ma ono ngā mema o tona tāngata, tae atu te rangatira, Captain paetukutuku 1 E. R. Egorev, i patua, i patua 83 iwi atu. Ehara i te taea ki te haere i mua, "Aurora" ki te cruiser "Oleg" me "Pearl" Pauhua i Manila (Philippines). E ai ki etahi tohunga hōia, whai wāhi i roto i te pakanga o Tsushima, homai atu take cruiser "Aurora" ki te mahi rite te whakamahara atu i te pere wātea rongonui i roto i te nuku 1917.

I roto i te pa o Yokosuka i utu tama'i "Mikasa" rite kaipuke whare taonga. I runga i taua mea mo te wa rawa roa i roto i Tsushima huritau tū hui o hōia, ngā kaiuru o te whawhai Russian-Japanese. kōrero te Japanese ki tenei tohu o mua ki te hopohopo nui rawa.

Pūmahara o nga kaiwhakatere mate i Tsushima

O nga wae 36 o te matua hoia Russian i roto i Vladivostok ka haere e toru. Ngawari "Almaz" kaipahua "whakamataku" me "toa." Kua kitea te nuinga o nga kaipuke, me te 5000 heramana okiokinga mure ore i te raro o te Korea Strait me nga motu o Tsushima Dazhelet. Ko nga urupa o kaipuke Russian nei mate o ana patunga i roto i te whakarau, tonu āta tiaki e te Japanese i Nagasaki. I roto i 1910, i roto i St Petersburg i te moni o te iwi, me te pouaru takoha temepara hukarere-ma Kaiwhakaora i runga i nga wai i hanga, whakatapua ki te patunga o mua. Hiero tu poto, tae noa ki waenganui o nga 30raa. Russian-Japanese War, Pakanga o Tsushima - ka noho ake nga ngā e rua i roto i te mahara tonu o te iwi Russian.