Vasily Tatishchev me tona whai ki te pūtaiao. Ko te kaipuke "Vasiliy Tatishchev"

Vasily Tatishchev - te ingoa, tino pea, i te rongo i roto i te tangata mātauranga. Otiia i konei ko te ki te whakapuaki te mea kua hono reira me e taea te tohu, e kore e katoa. Ko te meka ko e teie mahana te kaipuke matataua "Vasily Tatishchev," whiwhi kaipuke Russian crisscrossing te moana, me te maha ki nga pāpāho. Ko reira te mea he take he aha i whiriwhiria e te kaihoahoa te ingoa kororia. Na e te kahore he aituā! Na, ko te tangata i te reira tino, a mo te hunga i aroha o te hītori - he pūāhua tūturu. Na te kaipuke o te Baltic Tāruru, "Vasily Tatishchev" e kore iti nohinohi.

He aha ta tatou e matau e pā ana ki te kaipuke?

i kore hanga pera i mua Construction o te kaipuke, i roto i nga tau 80 o te rau tau rua tekau. A tenei ra e kore ko ia ara e toru tekau nga tau, no te mea whakarewahia te wai i roto i Noema 1987. 27 o te hanga kaipuke i Gdansk whakarewahia te Vehicle Communication "CER - 231". Tata te tau i runga i taua kaipuke i te tikanga o te rangatira o te Baltic Fleet rua i whakaarahia te haki o te USSR. Ko "Vasily Tatishchev" tata heke mai tenei. E kore kua te kaipuke ki te parariraa o ratou whenua ūnga ke, engari i roto i 1998 kirimanatia te whakahau o te maramarama toharite o te kaipuke i ki te whakahaere o JSC "Kuibyshevazot" i roto i Tolyatti i runga i te whanaungatanga rironga ko. A ko reira te whakatau te ora-te huri. Mai rua tau i muri mai i whakaingoatia te kaipuke i roto i CER "Vasily Tatishchev," whakawhetai ki te manawanui o te tavana o Togliatti, whakaaro nei ko te kaiwhakarewa o reira ko tenei ahua o mua. Ki te taua hītori poto, kaipuke torotoro o te Baltic Tāruru, "Vasily Tatishchev" tonu te whakahaere ki te tiki i te 22 whawhai i puta noa te Atlantic, te Baltic me Te Tai Tokerau, me te Mediterranean moana. E ai ki te raraunga tūmatanui, ona "oma" ko 340 mano maero. Ko te ora i runga i te ara - he katoa o tika e toru nga tau, mai i te displacement o te kaipuke - ki te 3.4 taranata, i waho te hiahia peia e kore e reira. He aha atu e nehenehe e maere "Vasily Tatishchev"? Ko te kaipuke ko tetahi o waru kaipuke, 864 "Meridian" hangaia i raro i te kaupapa i roto i te Soviet Union. Ko tenei ra ko te karauna o te korablestroitelstva hōia tikanga mo tetahi mōhiohio mā te intercepting tuku reo irirangi.

"Vasily Tatishchev" - kaipuke ki te hītori kororia

I roto i te ao o te haere tonu i runga i te tautohetohe i waenganui i ngā momo o ope, me te tohatoha anō o ao o mana. I nga wa katoa te tirohia i roto i tenei kēmu whakarato te awhina rawa kaha, a ētahi wā mahi i roto i te tūranga whakatakotoria. I roto i to tatou tau rorohiko, kua whakakapia tutei hiko iwi, me ngā pūnaha maramarama hiko - ki te whakakapi i nga rangatira maramarama tāmau. He rerekē taua pūnaha - i te momo iti o te taputapu ki te rererangi me te kaipuke. Ko reira pūnaha o kohikohi maramarama tenei me ko te kaipuke torotoro o te Baltic Tāruru, "Vasily Tatishchev." I roto i nga tau tata nei, te nuinga lelei whakakitea te kaipuke ano i roto i te tautoko o te waka rererangi, me te tahi atu rōpū maramarama i roto i Russia i Hiria. ka puta mai ia i roto o te moana Baltic, tona wahi tūturu o te noho, a ka rite ki te tahi mau puna, ka tonoa te pāpāho ki te rohe o Hiria i te Mediterranean rawhiti. Ko te mahi matua o te waka i te aroturuki i te āhuatanga i roto i te rangi, e kore anake Hiria, engari ano hoki nga whenua e tata ana tata. wai-rohe me te rohe noa, te āhua, he kahore okotahi. Scout kaipuke "Vasiliy Tatishchev" Ko e kore te wa tuatahi rau te Baltic. He he taunakitanga e te whawhai i roto i Yugoslavia i ano i raro i te te tirotiro o te torotoro. Na reira, ka taea e tetahi whakauaua whakapono e oho he taua kaipuke pai, me te nui i te Moana Baltic i roto i te roa-tawhiti e haere ana, noa take mōhiohio whānui anake ranei. taea ki te utu mo te ngaro mate o nga turanga whenua ranei, ki te tika, he whakamahi kaha rawa te kaipuke, ko te. E maongo tonu enei engineering whakaurunga, kaipuke "Vasiliy Tatishchev." Photos aroaro i raro kore e rere ke motuhake. Ko ka kite koe i kore i te mea i roto i te ahopae Baltic, anake e taea te tiakina te ao.

Kia haere a hoki ki te ahua o mua

tīmatanga Bright o Sciences i Tsarist Russia, pera i roto i Europe, e tika ana ki te maha iti o ingoa. Otiia whakaurua enei iwi te poto pono hiahia i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē, ka mahue ki muri i te nui nui o te rauemi tino taonga e tenei ra e hae ki te rōrahi taua, ki te kahore te Institute katoa, te Tari mo te tino. I roto i te manawa ano ki te ingoa pai mohiotia katoa o MV Lomonosov utu me te tuakiri o Basil Nikitich Tatishchev. I kōrero ia ki nga mahi o te kaiwhakahaere e pā ana i raro i Pita I. Na mātauranga - he kaipūkaha. Otiia i te āhua o tōtu'a - kōrero, ohanga, matawhenua, kaiako, kaitaunaki tā me te mātauranga whānui o te taupori. he māramatanga hiahia pērā o te wahi me te aha kua arotahi te heke mai o te whenua i te timatanga o te rau tau XVIII i runga i take nui, e, kāore, kua kore ano timata ki te whakatutuki hohoro. Ae, me te rota o takoha Vasily Tatishchev. Otiia kihai i taea e ratou te arotake i hono to'utangatá, kihai i taea e meinga ana mahi, me te hanga muhu'i, kihai i taea e mauruuru i te mana, me te tono i taua wa whakaaro matatau me te whakamua-titiro. Ahakoa haamata te reira ki taua tuakiri i roto i te hītori o te ahunga whakamua.

He rārangi torutoru o haurongo

whanau Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich, tona takoha ki hītori he tino taonga, ko April 19, 1686. Kuraina i roto i Moscow, puta ia i te Artillery me Engineering kura. Career raro Pita tīmata atu ahau rite te hoia, tango wahi i roto i te Northern War nui i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau XVIII. Kua i te mutunga o te pakanga tīmata ki te hei mahere Tatischev mo mīharo i te wa ano e rite ana te hītori me te matawhenua ora. Tonu tona mahi i roto i te mahi ā-iwi, riro Tatishchev aronga ki te Urals rite te rangatira o nga wheketere kāwanatanga-fatuhia. Na ka haere ia mo te Mint tari ia. I tua atu, ko ano hoki e ia te matenga o Kalmykia me Orenburg kōmihana. I roto i te katoa, pau 42 tau tau pononga tūmatanui Vasily Tatishchev, oti tona mahi i roto i te 1745, e rima nga tau i mua i tona mate. He neke atu i te pou o te kawana Astrakhan, i whakahekea Vasily Nikitich ki nga wahi o waho ake, ki te whenua o Boldino. Here, i roto i te huru e māhorahora, Ka āpiti ia tona "History o te Russian" rauemi i kohia e ia puta noa i tona ora. Engari kia o katoa i roto i te raupapa, me te i roto i te kōrero atu.

Vasily Tatishchev. whakahura

kihai i pai nei i kua he poto, a mea katoa i te mahi ia, tona taranata me te auaha ka kitea tonu faaiteraa i roto i mahi me mahi. Na, e rua ārahi nga otaota Ural, he kaipūkaha mā te whakangungu wā e rua tamata ki whakariterite te rāngai keri, a ka tohatoha kaupapa nui-tauine. Ki Moscow i tawhiti atu i te reira, engari ko te mea e tika ana ki te whakaoti i te take ki reira. tango tuku mēra i te wa i nga marama te roa e kore i taea e e pea makona i te rangatira hihiri me whai whakaaro. Kua whakawhanakehia Tatishchev ka timata ki te whakatinana ara i roto i te ora o te momo hou o te mēra, tino tangata ke ki Russia. e kore e taea te piriponotanga te takoha Vasiliya Tatischeva i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā kura, me te whakahaere o te mātauranga o te iwi whānui noa. taea hoki te whai wāhi ia i roto i te whakaritenga o hokohokonga me almshouses. I roto i te hononga ki tona ranei tona mahi, ko te rangatira o nga otaota kihai i taea e whakaawe i te hanganga o ngā ture maina. Ia whakaurua hoki te whanaketanga o mahi hou. Ka rite ki kaiwhakahaere matua, i mahi Vasily Tatishchev kawenga tika e kore e anake, engari e ki runga ki te mahi o nga rangatira, nga kaiwhakawa, me te ara te kawana. E mohio ana koe ko wai ko te kaiwhakarewa o Stavropol (inaianei Togliatti), Yekaterinburg ko Perm? Ko te reira - Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev.

Urals i roto i te wa o Pita tīmata ahau rawa mātātoa whakawhanakehia. ko na maori, kuware, kino ngahere, e runga i te 50 tau i muri mai o tenei hononga i roto i te Urals kore noa i whai i te rakau kotahi. A ki te whakahokia mai tenei ngahere kahore tiaki tangata me i roto i te taua wa poto e taea noa. Kua haere tonu kite āwangawanga taiao i muri i te tangata, me te ahunga whakamua. Pea whakawhetai ki nga uri o te katoa me te mea tau'a ki te taua tangata tahuri me rite Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev, i whakatuwheratia nga kanohi o rangatira me mana i runga i ngā take taiao kē i roto i te rau tau XVIII, ka whakawhanakehia kaupapa whakahaere keri. hoatu nga ngaahi fatongia o te rangatira he tūemi i runga i te hiahia ki te tiaki ngahere. Ano, rite tonu ki te puta i te tikanga tino rāhuitia me tautea ngahere mate i roto i te takiwā o te pa hou puta ake - Ekaterinburg. I roto i tenei pa ki reira ko te tohu ahurei, te wahi Pita ahau, he tangata mārō me te hītori Russian whatitiri, whakapehapeha e whakatika tahi me tona hoa teina - Vasiliem Tatischevym.

Runaruna, hei pūtaiao

Mō wareware tona hītori runaruna me geography Vasily Tatishchev ka tonoa i runga i to ratou whanaketanga whakaekea nga whai wāhitanga katoa tona ora, me te haere mōhiohio i roto i te whenua. Tetahi hītori puna i tuhituhia, me te te mahere Russian tuatahi o Ural me Siberia kōrero tino me cartographer kohi. A ki te whānuitanga taea ki te hanga kape o taua rauemi, ka toro i roto i te aronga whai hua. Kāri ka tukua reira kairūri mō te tuhi kāri hou. I ngā tūhura kohuke whakarara, te kohikohi tauira ore tangata i roto i, meinga, i roto i era atu mea, te whakaahua me te hua tuhi putunga ratou. Natolko whānui o ngā mōhiohio rere whakaaetia Tatischev kohikohi raraunga pūtaiao nui, me te kanorau. Ko te kaiwhakahaere o tenei mahi i taea e ki te tonu me te tiaki i te kōrero rave rahi o te geography Siberian me whaipara, engari i te wa ano, me te i runga i te hītori, ka hia kē, a tae noa wetereo. ngā katoa pūtaiao haerenga pakihi ki te rangahau pūtaiao, te tahi mau taime noa ngā haerenga pūtaiao. ako e ia te reo, te ora me te tikanga o te iwi rohe, āhua me te taiao i te kohikohi i te kohinga katoa o kohuke me ngā tipu. āta uiui e ia te ana Kungur me moni i roto i puna kohuke. Ki te nui o te mahi, me te ki te pūkenga whakahaere torutoru taea te whakataurite.

Whakamua whakaaro Tatishcheva

mohio te katoa e te iwi e tiaki e pā ana ki te heke mai, whakaaro tonu te pai, me te ata. E āwangawanga tonu taua tangata kore he take o te oranga, me te nui, me ngā take ao. Vasily Tatishchev, i whakatuwheratia te taea hoki te mahara o Siberia, kawea atu i te hītori, me te pūtaiao, te tuatahi o katoa whakaaro ahau tika mo nga tamariki a to ratou heke mai. He nui te whakaaro, ko te ki te matau e, te whakawhanake pūtaiao, whakangao, hanga, hōia, Me tohunga ki iriti i te reira katoa, me te mau tonu? Na fakahūhū te kounga e hiahiatia ana, ka whakaara i te iwi e mohio ana ratou mahi, he mea e tika ana i te tamarikitanga. I roto i nga tau tuatahi o tona whakahaere i roto i te Urals Tatishchev oroko te kura ki te whakaako āhuahanga me te keri. i te tikanga e wātea ana kura, engari e hiahiatia ana whakatūturutanga e mohio. kua i roto i te tupuraa o tenei ohipa kua whakaritea ki te āpiha pirihimana Zemsky. Ki te hunga rite i roto i ia wāhi whakataunga mo te kura, i reira ka taea e churchmen te whakangungu i te iti rawa tekau peasants ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi. I muri mai i roto i Yekaterinburg maina, me te kura metallurgical i whakatuwheratia, taea reira ki a koutou ngā whakangungu ariā ki tono mahi o te matauranga i roto i te wheketere. Ko he taone noa mo Europe. Ko tenei tauine o te huarahi mātauranga e kore ngā tino ki Tatischev noa Pita I.

Whanaungatanga Tatishcheva ko Pita ahau

ko te tino aronganui me te tangata rerekē Vasily Nikitich. whakaaro ia ki waho te pouaka, me te e whakamahia whānuitia. Ki nga whakaaro taketake o tona hoa whakarongo ia tangata mārō, engari i ētahi wā ka haere te whakawa o te pūtaiao tera taha o te rohe o te whakaaetia. Mauiui, e atea ana ratou, a kihai i wehi ki te tomo ki te tautohe ki te rangatira te pononga a te kingi ia. E matau te huru o Pita ahau, he reira pea i rite ia. Na tohe Vasily Tatishchev, hei tauira, i runga i te mea ko te matua i roto i te mātauranga kia waiho te whakatuwheratanga ohie o ngā kura. I muri i te katoa, ko reira tika noa mo te faaineineraa o ngā ākonga tuatahi o te atamira tuatahi, ka ki kia taea ki te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi tangata, me te pūtaiao kua i roto i te wänanga. No te mea te kore te reira noa e kore e waiho te tangata ki te whakaako, ka i te aniraa o te kingi ka tae ahorangi i Germany, a Sweden. Na ka haere mai pūtaiao ki Russia ki ngā roto iho, engari ko te noa te tereina tangata. Kia aroha mai, ki Petro ahau te kupu whakatupato kore Tatishcheva rongo, me te āhuatanga i roto i te heke mai kei te pai whakawhanakehia reira. Haurongo Vasiliya Tatischeva, runga ake katoa, ki tonu i o era atu mea, ara malevolent. Ko ratou i roto i te marae i kitea rawa he torutoru. Ratou pai te muhumuhu ki te kingi o hapa tawhiti āpiha tino Ural, rite te Take o te katoa, me te kore i taea e whakapae. whakaaro te ahopae te muri, idealism me wehi tonu tapatahi hoariri. Ae a pehea ia e taea te kore ki te e wehi o taua ahua transcendental, na ara ki taua mana i runga i te kingi? E whakamārama ana tēnei i te tamau whakapae, hāmene me te ture. A, i mutu tenei katoa Tatishcheva kupu whakahoki, engari ki te ora, me te mahi e kore e utu, tonu whakaware i te Minita me te tango atu wa. Otiia mea katoa i reira, a Pita tautoko tonu ahau me te whakatenatena take Tatishcheva.

Tatishchev i Europe

Ko te mate o Pita kitea e ahau Vasily Tatishchev i Sweden, i reira ki te kaiwhakahaere mahia nga tohutohu o te kingi. Otiia i muri i te huringa o te kaha, i mahue to matou hero i tino kahore tautoko me kahore moni ki te ara i te reira ki te hoki taua hoki te kāinga. Ko Vasily Tatishchev rawa no te mea e kore te reira e tere. obznakomilsya ia whiriwhiri pūtaiao o Sweden, tangohia, ka fakatonutonu nga oko katoa e pā ana ki Russia i roto i te papakupu Gibner "papakupu ...". kihai te mahi pūtaiao i pōturi iho i reira mo te meneti. tuhituhi faihisitōlia Russian i roto i te reo Roma, ka whakaputaina i roto i Sweden i roto i te tuhinga i runga i te wheua tino nui kitea ana Kungur. Whakapaia ana e ia ki te mātauranga, ko ahau tino hiahia i roto i te ōhanga Swedish. Ko mahi tona moni, ki ki kia taea ki te whakamahi i tenei matauranga i roto i Russia tonu. Ko te whakawhetai ki te Tatischev tuhituhi pehe Swedish Sophia Brenner te ruri e pā ana ki haaputuhia te whakamārama poto o te mau ohipa rahi o te kingi Pita ahau o Tatishchev reira.

Retirement me tau i muri mai

Hoki kāinga, i taea ki te tae tona tūranga mua, me te mana Vasily Tatishchev. Te Empress e te reira te wa katoa i te wahi kotahi ki tetahi, ki i ia wa neke atu i te whakapaipai. Otiia i ia wāhi hōu pai taukei Tatischev me tae noa tīmata ki te whakatinana i whakahounga ao te whakangaromia ki a ia. Hei tauira, i roto i te tari Moscow o te moni, whakaarohia e ia he whakahou o te pūnaha moni ka Russian. I muri mai, i maka e ia ki te whakataunga o te pakanga ki nga iwi Kazakh, Kalmyks, a tae noa tonoa ki te tutu Pahikia. Na haere tonu muhu'i katoa ki te rere ki te pane, me i te onoonoraa o te kaumatua i roto i 1745, tukuna te Empress te tikanga ki te tuku i Tatishcheva i tari, me te tangohia he kanga ki te haere mai ki a St Petersburg me ki te waiho o ratou kainga. Na Tatishchev, kua ngoikore e mate, taka i raro i te whare hopu me te noho i roto i tona wahi e tata ana Moscow. Otiia e kore e te poto tūturu ata iho a kahore e hepohepo. Boldin riro rite te peka o te Academy o Sciences. Tae noa tata, noho ia itoito, me te hē Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich. mahi nui me whakatutukitanga o tenei wā kua tāutuhia i roto i te whakaputanga o "History o Russia" o tona ake tuhituhi, me te i roto i te faaineineraa no te te whakaputanga ki te kōrero Tatishcheva pukapuka "Code o Law Ivana Groznogo."

I tua atu, ka rēhitatia te Academy he pūtaiao tuhipoka i runga i eclipses solar, me te kaupeka, te tono mo te whakaputanga o te tātai reta ki te whika, me i roto i nga kupu, me ngā kōrero mo te ako o te tātai reta Russian. tonu te reira ki te whakaata me te mataotao o te kātakí fakalotu, e maha riri nga porowhita rawa o te mana. Hoki tātari whakaaro me hanga whakaaro mo te whakapai ake o te ture Russian, tino e te iteraa e te iwi ko te tiaki tino rawe ki e pā ana ki a ratou ano anake, kahore whakaaro o te tahi atu. A i runga i te katoa, pai, me te kore manukanuka iwi noa titi. Ano ki te ripeneta o te ōhanga kua hanga tono, me kaupapa.

Ahakoa nga mau fifi o te ora, e kore Vasily Tatishchev wehe ki te mana'o maitai me te mahi. Te farii ore i tetahi mea i roto i hoki, utu ia takiruatia ta rite te ara reira hiahiatia. Kaua rawa e rohirohi, a kore amuamu o tetahi mea. Otiia kihai i mahi, me te faaipoiporaa rahua rite taua, torutoru rawa hoa me hoariri - he kapea te tatini. Ka rite ki tetahi atu poto nui Tatischev tona wa. Otiia kihai i fakafatongia tatari ia, a ko nga instigators me pononga ngākau o katoa kihai i i i mohio a e hono to'utangatá, engari ka rite ki te hua, kua riro te mooni. Ahakoa Tatischev ia hua o ta ratou mau ohipa, a kihai i kite, engari kahore reira, kua tae mai enei whakatutukitanga i roto i Russia noa i muri i te roa roa. Na e waiho atu taua iwi, a e waiho ratou rakau iti i roto i te wira.