Auahatanga Derzhavin. Auaha i roto i te mahi Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - he 18 tino Russian rohi pehe - wawe rautau 19. I tanupoú mahi a Derzhavin i roto i te tikanga maha, me te kua mahue te tohu nui i roto i te aamu o te tuhinga matou whenua o, e pā ana ki tona whanaketanga atu.

Life me Works o Derzhavin

Pānui i te haurongo o Derzhavin, kia tuhia te reira e kore e tohu i te tau wawe o te kaituhi e te meake ia ki te riro te tangata nui, me te hou ngingila.

whanau Gavrila Romanovich i roto i 1743 i roto i Kazan kawanatanga. Ko rawa uneventful te hapu o te kaituhi heke mai, engari no ki te rangatira.

tau wawe

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, a Derzhavin ki mau i te mate o tona papa, ara mauähara āhuatanga pūtea o te whānau. i te whaea ki te haere ki roa nui ki te whakarite kia ana tama tokorua, a hoatu ratou i te iti rawa etahi mātauranga me te whakangungu. kaiako pai i roto i te kawanatanga, te wahi i noho te whānau kihai i pera nui,, i ki te hoatu ki te hunga e e taea ki te utu ki runga. Ahakoa te āhuatanga uaua, hauora rawakore, kaiako mätou, Derzhavin, whakawhetai ki tona kaha me te manawanui, tonu te whakahaere ki te tiki i te mātauranga tika.

te whawhai

Tonu he ākonga o te hākinakina Kazan, i tuhituhi te rohi pehe ana rotarota tuatahi. Heoi, ki te whakaoti i aku akoranga i roto i te fare haapiiraa teitei, kihai i muri ia. Ko te take i te hapa tari mahia e etahi rangatira, kua arahina ki te meka i tonoa te tangata taitama he tau mua mo te whawhai i roto i Petersburg, i Preobrazhensky wiki, i roto i te tūranga hoia noa. kotahi tekau anake nga tau i muri mai, i taea ki te whakatutuki tonu te ana'iraa o te rangatira ia.

Ki te haina ora me te mahi o Derzhavin nui ke. waiho ratonga roa iti te wa mo te mahi tuhituhi, engari, ahakoa tenei, i roto i nga tau whawhai tuhituhi Derzhavin te rota o rotarota pārekareka, me ako nga mahi o ngā kaituhi, tae atu ki te Whare Wānanga, o nei te tino wehi ia, ka whakaaro te tauira. ngā ano rotarota German Derzhavin. i mohio Tiamana ia, a ka whai wāhi i roto i te translation ki kaitito Russian me Tiamana i roto i to ratou ake rotarota maha i okioki ki a ratou.

Heoi, i te kore i ano kite Gavrila Romanovich tona misioni matua i roto i te whiti. manawanuitia e ia ki te mahi hōia ki te mahi o te kāinga, me te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga rauemi o te utuafare.

I roto i te 1773-1774 gg. ka mau Derzhavin wahi i roto i pehi i te whakatikanga ake Emelyana Pugacheva, engari te whakatairanga me te āhukahuka o ratou kaiaka, me te kore hanga. Ka riro rite utu anake e toru rau wairua, i tukua ai. i akina atu etahi tūkunga wa ia ki te hanga e kore ko te ora tino faitotonu ara - kāri tākaro.

whākinga o taranata

E tano ia tapao e i tenei wa, nga mau hitu ahuru, tona taranata mo te wa tuatahi i whakatuwheratia ake i roto i te wahi tuatahi,. "Chatalagayskie Ode" (1776) ngā te moni o kaipānui, engari auaha kihai i reira, me te tahi atu mahi o te hitu ahuru ano tino motuhake. Ko atu imitative mahi a Derzhavin, pērā i Sumarokov, Lomonosov me etahi atu. Ko te ture tino o prosody, e, e whai ake nei i te whakarerenga iho matarohia, i rongo ana whiti kihai i whakaaetia, ki te whakakite i tino te taranata ahurei o te kaituhi.

I roto i 1778, i roto i te ora te taata iho o te kaituhi tupu hui koa - hinga ia Kohara i te aroha, me te marena Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, kua meinga nei hoki te maha nga tau o tona purakau whiti (ko Plenira).

ara Own i roto i te tuhinga

Mai 1779 ka kōwhiri te te kaituhi ona ara ake i roto i te tuhinga. Tae noa 1791 mahi ia i roto i te momo ode, i kawea ia te rongo nui. Otiia e kore e ko te pehe tika ki te waiho i te tauira matarohia o tenei momo tino. meatanga ia te reira tino ke te reo, e riro rerekē kōwaro, aronganui, e kore rite i ia i roto i te whanganga, Classicism kouma. Mutu ke te ode Derzhavin me ihirangi wä. i Ki te mua ngā ngākau nuitanga o te kāwanatanga ariki, i teie nei i roto i Derzhavina te auahatanga me te hanga, te mau heheuraa tupu whaiaro. I roto i te faatura i tenei tomu'a fakatātaa'i reira sentimentalism ki tona aro i runga i kare, hiahia taikaha.

tau tata nei

I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga o tona ora mutu tuhituhi Derzhavin odes i roto i tona mahi tīmata ki te nuinga i te rotarota aroha, karere auhoaraa, rotarota arearea.

mate Poet Hōngongoi 8, 1816 i roto i te whenua Zvanka, he wahi aroha ia.

Creativity Derzhavina poto

Te rohi pehe whakaaro ia tona introduction kaiaka matua ki te pakimaero "rorirori haupū Russian," e hanumi huānga o kāhua ratou reo e, me te tiketike, te whakakotahi rotarota me te pūhohe. ko Innovation Derzhavin i te meka e kua whakawhānuitia ai te rārangi o te whiti Russian, te komokomo i te kaupapa, me tohu i te ora ia rā.

ode hanahana

Derzhavin auahatanga whakaahua poto te rongonui tino o ana odes. Ratou maha coexists timatanga kāinga, me te itoito, tivira, me te whaiaro. Creation Derzhavina te kupu fakatahai te huānga mua hotokore. Hei tauira, "Poems i runga i te whanautanga o te tamaiti i roto i Te Tai Tokerau porfirorodnogo" kore e taea e huaina he ode nui i roto i te tikanga matarohia o te kupu. Kua whanau o Alexander Pavlovich i 1779 kua whakaahuatia rite he kaupapa nui, kawea geniuses katoa ia ngā mau horo'a -. Mind, taonga, ataahua, me ētahi atu Heoi, te hiahia o te whakamutunga o ratou ( "Kia i runga i te tangata i te torona") tohu e te kingi - he tangata, kihai i nei te reira angamaheni mo te Classicism. Auaha i roto i te mahi Derzhavina whakakitea konei i roto i te ranunga o te mana ā-iwi, me te whaiaro o te tangata.

"Felitsa"

I roto i tenei ode maia Derzhavin ki tirohia ki te Empress ia, ka totohe ki a ia. Felitsa - Ko Catherine II. Ko te rangatira nunui o rite he Gavrila Romanovich tangata tūmataiti, ko te kupu te ofatiraa i te whakarerenga iho matarohia tino ka ngā. Te rohi pehe whakamoemititia e Catherine II kore rite te hinonga kāwanatanga, engari ka rite ki te tangata whakaaro nui e mohio ana ki tona ara i roto i te ora, me te whai ia ia. Na ka whakaahua ana te rohipehe tona ora. Whaiaro-taunu ka whakaahua i te hihiritanga, nei nona te pehe, te kaimahi ki te haapapu i te rangatiratanga o Felitsa.

E ko, te momo o te ode, tino arotahi i runga i te kaupapa o te whakamoemiti, riro te pehe i roto i te karere hoa, te wahi i reira e rua taha, a ka he nui, e kore e tika te ūnga ia o ratou. I roto i te kingitanga o Catherine II mauruuru te rohipehe te nuinga o ohaoha katoa, tapatahi, nga ahuareka a, e he whaiaro, 'ulungaanga tangata.

"I runga i te tangohanga o Izmail"

I roto i tenei ode whakaatu he whakapakoko nui o te iwi Russian, putap pa Turkish. Ko te kaha o tona rite ki nga ope o te natura: ru, vero moana, hūnga. Heoi, ehara i te mea noa, engari he ngohengohe ki te pai ai o te kingi Russian, aia e te tikanga o te piri pono ki te whenua. Ko te mana faahiahia o te hoia Russian me te iwi Russian katoa, whakaaturia tona kaha, me te nui i roto i tenei mahi.

"Waterfall"

I roto i tenei ode, tuhituhia i roto i 1791, te nuinga riro te reira he awa image, tohu te impermanence o te ora, rongo te fenua me te nui tangata. i mahi te tauira rite Kivach wairere, kei roto i Karelia. Tae hua papatae taonga i roto i atarangi rerekē me ngā tae. I te tīmatanga ko te reira he whakamārama noa o te wairere, engari i muri i te matenga o Prince Potemkin (ohorere mate i te kāinga i tona ara, hoki mai i te wikitoria i roto i te pakanga Russian-Turkish) Gavrila Romanovich tapiritia he pikitia o te ihirangi pū a ka te wairere whakatinana i te fragility o te ora, me te hoatu mea i roto i nga whakaaro huritao taumauri o te ngā uara. i fakatāutaha maheni Derzhavin ki Prince Potemkin, a kihai i ahei te whakautu ki tona matenga ohorere.

Heoi, ko matara i Potemkin faahiahia Gavrila Romanovich. I roto i te ode whakahē ia Rumyantsev - e te nei, kia rite ki te kaituhi, he hero pono. Rumyantsev ko te konohi tūturu e tiaki e pā ana ki te pai noa, e kore kororia whaiaro, me te taonga. Tenei hero i roto i tona ode taipe hāngai ki te awa ata. whakatauritea awhiowhio ngangau ata awa ataahua Suna me ona nui, me te marino ki runga i te mārama te wai tonu. Iwi rite Rumyantsev, ata, i waho ora take me te koropupu mau hiaai ratou ora, e taea te hopu i te ataahua o te rangi.

odes taumauri

Topics Creativity Derzhavina tonu taumauri odes. Ode "I te mate o Prince Meshchersky" tuhituhia (1779) i muri i te matenga o te kainga, Prince Meshchersky a Paora. A tuhituhi mate te whakarite, te reira "whakakoi toronaihi" me "tetea ana ona niho." Pānui tenei ode, i tuatahi a tae noa mai te mea e tenei ahua o "waiata" o te mate. Heoi, mutu reira ki te mutunga ritenga - karanga Derzhavin tatou ki te haafaufaa te ora rite "homai tonu i te rangi" a ka ora i te reira pai, ki te mate ki te ngakau ma.

lyrics anacreontic

Te pee kaituhi tawhito ki te hanga i whakamāoritanga o ratou whiti hanga Derzhavin tona iti te tikanga Russian o hā motu, te ora, i roto i nei whakaahuatia āhua Russian. Classicism i roto i Derzhavina mahi konei kua oti te huringa.

Translation Anacreon mō te Gavrila Romanovich - ko reira he whai wāhi ki te haere ki roto ki te rangatiratanga o te natura, te tangata me te ora, i a kahore wahi i roto i te rotarota matarohia tino. Ko te whakapakoko o tenei rohi pehe tahito whakahawea marama me te ora aroha, rawa ngā Derzhavin.

I roto i te 1804 he putanga motuhake o "waiata Anacreontic." I roto i te omuaraa whakamārama ia he aha faaoti ki te tuhituhi "veesi marama": tuhituhi te rohi pehe i teie mau irava i roto i tona tamarikitanga, a whakaputaina nei no te mea i mahue te mahi, ka he tangata tūmataiti, me te he inaianei noa ki te whakaputa i te mea e hiahia ana ia.

lyrics mutunga

Na roto i te āhuatanga o te auaha Derzhavin i te wā i muri mai ngā te meka e i tenei wa ia tata mutu ki te tuhituhi odes me hanga he mahi te nuinga lyrical. Ko te pehepehe "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1807, whakaahua ana te ora te kāinga ia rā o te rangatira tawhito e noho i roto i te whenua tuawhenua ngahoro utuafare. ka mea nga kairangahau i tuhituhia tenei mahi i roto i te whakautu ki te Elegy Zhukovsky "Evening" ka ko he Romanticism incipient polemic.

Na roto i te mutunga o te waihanga Derzhavina pā me te mahi "Monument", ki tonu i te whakapono i roto i te tura o te tangata i roto i te aroaro o rarunga, mau haafifiraa o te ora, me te huringa o mua.

ko te tino nui hanga Uara Derzhavina. tonu tīmata Gavril Sergeyevich huringa o nga momo matarohia o Pushkin, a i roto i te heke mai, me ētahi atu kaitito Russian.