Anaerobes Facultative - he aha te mea tenei? Tauira me te whakarōpū

Māngai huakite rangatiratanga, me te tahi mau kutukutu Parasitic me pükohu me harore e āhuatanga e te puka motuhake o te piti hāora o ngā pūhui matū waro e puta ana i roto i te ngaro o te hāora rāpoi ranei i te kukū iti. Kaiao e noho i roto i te taiao hāora-free - anaerobes reira. ka Facultative ka faahepo nei momo, me te tauira o ratou ora, me te whakarōpū kia whakaaro e tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te manawa

whakapūtā tatou e ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te pera-ka karanga ā, ranei pūtau, respiration. Ko tōna mahi matua, ko te ki te whakaputa i te pūngao i matū, rawa kūhuka tomo i te pūtau. Ki te tango i te tukanga pitihāoratanga wahi hāora - e huaina te rauropi takohe. Ki te tango ana te takitahi he wahi o te pūngao i te tïpako phosphorylation waho te whiwhinga o te e ₂ ngā rāpoi ngota - he kaiao, anaerobes.

Tenei wā tapa e Lui Pasterom i 1861, te tuatahi tono anake ki etahi momo o prokaryotes e mahi ana waikawa butyric FERMENTATION. I roto i te koiora hou i raro i tenei ingoa rauropi katoa ngā, mā te whakamahi i te acceptor whakamutunga e kore he hāora, me pūhau, hauwai ranei ngā pūhui matū waro. Respiratory hā ora mekameka, facultative me te faahepo nei anaerobes, e whakaaro tatou i raro, tukanga kawea i roto i pākia pūngao, i roto i nei ki te hāora o te kūhuka, ngako me waikawa amino CO _2, H ₂ E a NH _3. Note hoki e anaerobic pākia iti pai atu i te hāora. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e tupu i roto i te ngaro o te hāora titau atu tïpako, hei tauira kūhuka tenei. Energy rite ki te hua o te wāwāhi o turanga hāora-free e hoki iti. Hei tauira, ka glycolysis - 2 kiore ia o ATP i rāpoi ngota kūhuka, mea hāora wāhinga o synthesized 36 ngā rāpoi ngota o te adenosine triphosphate.

Ko te momo o anaerobes

I roto i te whakarōpūtanga hou ngā momo rerekē o kaiao, rawa huakita. Hei tauira, anaerobes facultative - he momo pēhi tahi ranei maha-tahi o ngā prokaryotes, otaota harore ranei, e catabolism kore e rapua e e _2. Ko tona aroaro i roto i te cytosol o te pūtau ranei i roto i te taiao o waho e kore te mea hoki takitahi mate. Hei tauira, ngā enei huakita tukumate tangata: anginal streptococcus hemolytic staphylococcus. Ko ratou anaerobes facultative, me etahi momo o huakita, ko tona oranga pai ki te tangata. Ko te kupu, ko te thermophilic streptococcus u reihuka ki C ₃ H ₆ E _3, whakamahia te i roto i te hanga o ngā hua rewena waiu: kirīmi, waiu kawa, tiihi ngohengohe. I roto i te rongoā, ko reira mahuinga ia i roto i te hanga o probiotics whakamahia mo te ārai o te korere me te enterocolitis o ngā etiology. Tonu ki te whakarōpū o anaerobes, mōhio makroaerofilov noho i roto i te taiao te wahi e kore e nui ake te kukū o te e ₂ 0.5-1%.

I roto ia ratou, he maha ngā momo pathogenic tangata, pērā i streptococci, meinga pharyngitis, me mate Lyme. Ētahi momo o aerobes facultative ora i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal tangata, meinga ngā momo o te gastritis me puku mariao. Kei te mohiotia te pai te kaihoko fakatupu o nga mate i runga ake Helicobacter. He maha nui o makroaerofilov e pā ana ki anaerobes facultative, rapu hoki ratou pākia ihirangi tiketike o te hauhā. E huaina ēnei prokaryotes capnophile.

mekameka Respiratory anaerobes facultative

tonu tatou ki te ako i te āhuatanga o tenei rōpū o huakita pākia. I raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga, kua kitea e matou e taea te whakaritea e ratou i roto i te otinga o ngā matū waro kei roto rerekē rahi taimaha o te hāora. Ka whakaemi ēnei anaerobes tata te raro o te ngongo, ai he iti te kukū o e _2. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te anaerobes facultative tenei - he huakita ki ai pota iti o te hāora e kore i te pānga ino nui. I mua whakahuatia matou e te tahi mau rōpū o huakita, hei tauira, denitrifying, te acceptor whakamutunga he pākawa - pūhui hauota, hāora o te mua.

Ko te mekameka romahā anaerobes facultative i roto i tauhohe catalytic whai wāhi paru pākawa reductase, e whakarato ana te waka irahiko o te katote NO ₃ ^-. Enei huakita he prokaryotes o te puninga Micrococcus, Pseudomonas. ora ratou i roto i roto me i te oneone mākū. Ēnei huakita whakamahi pākawa tai waikawa hāora hei acceptor irahiko, e mau ana pera-ka karanga "respiration pākawa".

Ko te tūranga o te pūmua whākōkī i te catabolism o huakita

kawea te pākia o microorganisms mahi nui o te pūnaha catalytic te i roto i, cytochromes whakaratohia, catalase, flavin whākōkī, peroxidase. Ko te kupu, te tākaro flavoproteins he mema tūranga tūhono i te tïpako me nga rāpoi ngota hāora, e ka e heke ki te hauwai. Homai te meka e anaerobes facultative - he microorganisms pākia e puta e rua i roto i te aroaro o te, e _2, a i roto i te taiao hāora-free, taea te kitea enei momo e rua o ngā prokaryotes. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

Ngā momo o huakita facultative

Aerobes, anaerobes, anaerobes facultative, microaerophiles - he rārangi tika oti o prokaryotes, mekameka romahā i te wāhanga ranei tino ti'aturi i runga i te aroaro o te otinga matūkai nga rāpoi ngota hāora. Hei tauira, allerotolerantnye oxidizing huakita reihuka, te whakawhanake i roto i te aroaro o te e ₂ engari e kore e whakamahi i te reira i roto i te mekameka romahā. synthesize ratou pūngao e tauhohe FERMENTATION. Ētahi atu anaerobes kōwhiringa, hei tauira, ngā pūtau rewena, i runga i te hanganga matū o te tïpako rānei e taea ki te haere i te tukanga FERMENTATION mō te hāora manawa.

Cytochromes me ratou faufaa i roto i te ka pākia

pūmua Complex - proteid whakauru heme (rino-kei roto rōpū prosthetic) - ko cytochromes. Na roto i te whai wāhi i roto i te tukupūngao pūtau i roto i te huakita me te rewena, he ratou e rua kaituku me acceptors irahiko. Rino ngota rōpū prosthetic reversibly huri tōna āhua hāora i +2 ki +3. Tenei taea ki te kawe irahiko i dehydrogenase cytochrome ki acetaldehyde waikawa pyruvic ranei. kia kia te aroaro e te rāpoi ngota o te hauhā, katote hauwai, waikawa amino aerobes Facultative, anaerobes me microaerophiles acceptors irahiko.

Te tikanga prokaryotes, anaerobes i roto i te huringa o te mea i roto i te āhua

Ko huringa feruri organogenic āhuatanga matua, hei tauira, hauota tupu i roto i te whenua ao koiora, kahore whai wāhitanga o microorganisms. Mai anaerobes facultative - te matua denitrifying huakita, he nehenehe o te whakaiti wairewa i roto i tai waikawa hauota ki te oneone N ₂ E te ki te hauota noa ranei ratou. Denitrification e wahi tino kaha i roto i te oneone kei roto i te nui i te taikaha o te wai, me te tongi nitrogenous. Ka rite ki te hua o te tauhohe matū o ngā rāpoi ngota hauota free hoki kotahi ano ki te huru na roto i te kati i te huringa o ona panoni i roto i te āhua.

Probiotics me o ratou pānga mō te tangata

O te neke atu i te 500 ngā momo o huakita e noho i te wahi gastrointestinal tangata, nohoia te wahi nui e anaerobes facultative. Ko ngā māngai tuatahi, me te roa o te puninga Lactobacillus, streptococcus, Candida. Kei te tokomaha rawa o ratou i roto i te whēkau nui. Te reira i huakita whakahaere i motility (kaupapa o tini kai), me te synthesize huaora B me C. e whai wāhi ana hoki ratou i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūmua tiaki - immunoglobulin, me te hunga i roto i tahuri, whakarato tirotiro intestinal bactericidal. Kua whakaaturia ngā Medical e heke te ihirangi o te huakita i roto i te kopirua tangata koi i muri mate hopuhopu tika ki ngā tukanga inflammatory me muri therapy paturopi.

Hei whakahoki i te microflora i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal te whakamahi i taero - probiotics. Kei roto ratou anaerobes facultative whai hua - bifidobacteria me lactobacilli. Kia i roto i te kopirua tangata, whakarite e ratou tona mahi noa, me te whakaiti i nga pānga kino o te runga ake. Ko te probiotics tino whakamahia nuitia kï i roto i te gastroenterology - he "Hilak forte", "Linex", "Laktovit".