Accentual-Haupū irava: takenga me ngā āhuatanga

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka tātari matou i roto i te taipitopito irava accentual-Haupū. Te whakaahua i te whakaurua i tēnei pūnaha, ka haere mai ki a Russia, whakamārama tatou nga āhuatanga.

He aha te mea te reira?

irava Accentual-Haupū - he pūnaha whiti e hāngai ana i runga i auautanga me te whakarōpūtanga o tauutuutu unstressed a fakamamafa'i ōna wāhanga. Ko te rotarota i tuhituhia i roto i tenei ara, ka taea te whakarōpū nga ōna wāhanga katoa i roto i te waewae, e ko te kaha pera-ka karanga - fakamamafa'i oropuare me mau paruparu - oropuare unstressed. Na reira, tohua te tātari o enei whiti ko te rahi e kore anake, engari ano hoki te maha o waewae i roto i te raina kotahi.

takenga

ahu pūnaha versification Haupū-toniki i roto i te rotarota Pākehā. tupu tenei whakawhetai ki te hanumi, o Haupū irava, i whakamahia i roto i te reo Romance, me te toniki alliterative, haere mai i reo Germanic. Tenei tukanga mutu i roto i nga whenua rerekē i ngā wā rerekē. Hei tauira, i whakapumautia i roto i Ingarangi syllabo-toniki kua i roto i te rau tau 15, whakawhetai ki a George. Chaucer, a i roto i Germany anake i roto i te rau tau 17 i muri i te whakahou o M. Opitz.

Russian Haupū-rongoā versification

Ko te koha matua ki te ripeneta o te haupū whiti Russian no M. V. Lomonosovu me V. K. Trediakovskomu.

Na, i roto i nga 30raa o te rau tau 18 haamata Trediakovskii ki te korero ki tuhinga, ko tona hanganga, ko te tino rerekē i taua i te wa o te pūnaha Haupū versification i runga i te maha o ōna wāhanga ia rārangi, nui atu i runga i te nui o ru oropuare unstressed ranei. Na reira, na roto i te ako iwi irava me tona hanganga, faaoti i te reira e hāngai ana i runga i te parau tumu o haeana versification Russian.

tonu ēnei ngā tirohanga Trediakovskij tīmata Lomonosov. Ko ia te tangata e hanga te irava accentual-Haupū i Russian. Tenei pūnaha, e hāngai ana i runga i te whakarerekētanga o fakamamafa'i me unstressed oropuare, e ki pūkete te wheako o te ngahuru. Ko te pūtake haeana syllabo- whakatakotoria parau tumu iwi irava - te ōwehenga o ngā rārangi o te wāhi me te maha o ōna wāhanga fakamamafa'i.

Puta noa i te rau tau 19 i te wā e rotarota Haupū-toniki. Anake i tīmata ake i te torutoru kaitito i roto i ngā, i te nuinga e tika ana ki te nganatanga ki pee i tohu iwi tenei. I roto i tenei take, e pā ana ki te waenganui o te rau tau 19 te nuinga whakamahia dvuslozhniki. Ko te whakamahi kaha tuatahi mita ternary timata Nekrasov.

Heoi, i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 ka anga kaha ngā whiti, e te nuinga ngā ki te toniki me whīwhiwhi o te puka whiti.

Āhuatanga irava accentual-Haupū

Tei runga i te maha o nga wahi "kaha" me "ngoikore" i roto i te waewae, e rua momo o te rahi Haupū-toniki tu - a reira dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Hoki e rua-haupū paetukutuku iambic me wereti ki toru-haupū, i roto i te tahuri - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

No te mea o te hanganga wetereo o te reo Russian mita ternary mea ki te kaipānui ki atu waiata, mai i whiriwhiri he rotarota ana kupu ki toru ōna wāhanga, me te uaua i ki te mahi i "stopnye whakakapinga."

taea ēnei monoraa i te kitea i roto i mahi trochaic me iambic, pera i roto i te takitahi mutu rawa maha tūranga kaha he ōna wāhanga unstressed, me te ngoikore - pahu. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka taea e tatou te mea e, i roto i te tua ki te waewae e rua-haupū e matua, i reira e 2 pŭpŭ tauturu:

• Pyrrhic - he 2 ōna wāhanga i roto i te rarangi ki te oropuare builds.
• Sponda - he 2 ōna wāhanga i roto i te rarangi ki te oropuare fakamamafa'i.

Ratou whakamahi i roto i te mau irava whakarato rārangi hua ahurei o te tangi naki.

trochee

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga momo o mita disyllabic. Tona waewae 2 anake ōna wāhanga - te pānga utu tuatahi, te tuarua - unstressed. Kei te maha wereti whakamahia mō lyrics waiata.

He tauira o te chorea 5-toitoi he ruri o Pasternak huaina "Hamlet": "I whakaakona ahau ahiahi po / mano o karu ki runga ki te tuaka ...". 3 toitoi - he mahi o M. Yu Lermontova "Mai i Goethe o '' Kati raorao / tonu o te kohu hou ... '..

iambus

Ko ārahi ki te rotarota Russian o te rau tau 19 Accentual-Haupū irava, a ka kua te rahi pentameter tino AS Pushkin.

Na iambus - mita dissyllabic, arā, o 2 ōna wāhanga - tuatahi me te tuarua hama unstressed. Whakakorea mutu te ahotea tahuri ki pyrrhic, a ki te ahua o atu - i roto i te spondee.

ko te tino rongonui, me te tino auau whakamahia i roto i te rotarota Russian 4-hstopny pentameter. I roto i te rau tau 18 ki tenei mita, reira, karanga tatou "teitei" momo, e arotahi ana ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i te hua odic me "poetry marama", i tuhituhia pŭpŭ himene. Otiia i roto i te pentameter rau tau 19 ngaro tona hononga kaupapa ki te whiti, me te riro i te mita ao.

Ko te tauira maramarama - ko Pushkin o "Eugene Onegin": "Latin Ko inaianei i roto o te ahua: / Na, ki te korero koe i te pono ...".

trisyllabic

whakaaro tatou inaianei nga mita ternary Russian versification Haupū-toniki.

Dactyl - mita i roto i toru ōna wāhanga, ko te tuatahi o te i te mea he ru. He tauira ko te "whakawa o te Atua ki runga ki te episekopo" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl kei te whakamahia ki te whakatau i te hexameter.

Amphibrach - mita hoki i roto i toru ōna wāhanga, ko tenei wa ko te rua o nga ru. Te versification Russian, Kei te te tikanga whakamahia reira mo maongoonga tuhituhi. He tauira ko te "mua" - he ballad Lermontov: "Mai te urupa i te emepera / he ohorere Fafangu ake ...".

Anapaest - toru mita trisyllabic, i roto i nei taka te nako i runga i te haupū whakamutunga. Tauira o te hanga taua o te irava e taea e te pehepehe: "Ngaahi Fakakaukau i te whakamahau mua" (Nekrasov) me "I te timatanga e kore e korikori ia" (Fet).