Whare iti-pūngao. Hāngū whare: hoahoa, hanga me ngā āhuatanga

Ko te whare hāngū paerewa pūngao tōtika i roto i te hanga, e taea ai te economical, me te taiao, hei he iti ki te taiao, ki te mau tonu i te noho whakamarie. Consumption o pūngao wera ko reira na iti e rānei kahore he hiahia ki te tāuta i te pūnaha whakawera motuhake tona kaha, me te rahi ranei he iti.

paerewa pai pūngao

Energy kohi hoki whakawera o te whare mo te tau, ko te iti iho i te 15 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae. Energy kohi mo te whakawera, i te wai wera, me te hiko te kāinga pūngao-pai , ko te kore neke atu i 120 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae.

Ki te whakarite tatou i te mahi o te kohi pūngao mō te whakawera i roto i Germany, e kua faaterehia e ture i runga i waiariki tiaki me te pūngao penapena i roto i 2002 (WSchVO me EnEV 2002), e taea te kite i te reira hinaaro hāngai ki te whakaiti mō whare whakawera. Tata tikanga ki EnEV, whakahaere tiaki waiariki i roto i te Federal Republic o Germany, whakaturia te tere o te kohi pūngao ā-tau mō te whakawera o nga whare hou, me te rehabilitated i 30 ki te 70 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae.

No te whakarite, i roto i te Russian Federation whakapumautia te auau o te kohi pūngao ā-tau mō te whakawera mo Moscow i 95 ki te 195 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae. nui nui kohi tūturu enei paerewa.

Ko te painga o kāinga pūngao-pai

He nga painga e whai ake nei Ecodom:

• Whakamarietia. whakarato te pupuri tonu te reira i te āhuarangi ahuareka, rangi pūnaha engineering motuhake ma, me te hou. ko te kupu riro hāngū Whare ki te taurite mana te pāmahana rūma.
• Energy faaora. Ki te whakarite tatou i te whare tikanga, me te whare hāngū, kua he whakaiti ake atu i te kotahi tekau-puninga i roto i te kohi wera mo ngā hiahia whakawera te whakamutunga.
• hua hauora. A, no te he hāngū te whare, puta noa i te tau e tonu tukua whare katoa ki te rangi hou, kahore he tauira, makuku, a kahore he pokepokea ai.
• Economy. Ki te he hāngū te whare, e noho i te utu whakahaere o tona supply pūngao iti noa ki te hua i roto i te utu o te pūngao.
• Te tiaki i te taiao. A, no te he hāngū te whare, te whakamahi o ngā hangarau pūngao pai faarahi taumata o te tiaki i te taiao.

toenga pūngao

Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga o te pūngao kāinga tōtika he pūngao toenga i waenganui i te ngaronga ventilation tuku ranei me tango o te wera i te pūngao kōmaru, puna wera ā, me te whakawera. Hoki te toenga o ngā wāhanga faufaa pērā i te mātao paetahi o te rōrahi wera, whare kiato, te whakamahi o te tāuru wera hāngū i te rā i te takotoranga o te nuinga o ngā mata (ki runga, ki te 2/5 paruru tapawha) ki te tonga, ki te e kātakí o te 30 °, me te tika ki te kore o te uriuri. Ko reira utu ano hoki kia te whakamahi o taputapu whare ki te taumata pūngao tiketike. Ko reira ano hoki te wai whakawera mā te whakamahi i te papu wera he kaikohi solar ranei, he whakawera oneone wera rangi exchanger hāngū. I roto i te meka, te whare hāngū tino - i te whare ki kahore he wera-takawai.

hangarau whare hāngū

Me pehea e taea tenei hua e tutuki? titau Passive Whare paerewa mahi i roto i ngā wāhi e rima:

• mātao Thermal. Wehe waho wahi, ngā kia kia taua kokonga, take me te whakawhiti hononga me pekanga e ko te whakarea whakawhitinga wera iti iho i te 0.15 W / m ² · K.
• Ko te ngaro o piriti waiariki. Ko reira e minaminatia ki te karo i inclusions o whakahaere wera. hōtaka motuhake mō te tātai i te mara pāmahana ka tautuhi, me te tika tātari wahi aueue hanganga taiapa o whare, me o ratou arotautanga muri.
• Whaimana mō te taiao hāngū pai matapihi. Double glazing emissivity iti ki tonu i te hau e mangere, he tino pai hoki taua whare. tāutanga tohu o whakaaro matapihi.
• ventilation Mechanical ki te whakaora wera (kore iti iho i te 75%) me te hiri kōpaki roto. whakarite tautuhi me te whakakorenga o ngā turuturu e na roto i whakamātautau aunoa o rangi uruhanga o whare. ventilation Whakamarietia, te mana e te kaiwhakamahi. Tāutanga o exchanger wera whenua.

Hanganga i roto i Russia

I roto i Europe, whakamahia te hanganga o te paerewa whare hāngū te i roto i ngā rahinga nui, a i roto i te Russian Federation, he hoahoa me te hanganga o te pūngao whare tōtika anake i roto i tona tamarikitanga.

Homes e whakatau i nga whakaritenga o ngā paerewa pūngao tōtika konei ano, engari kē i te hanganga tata ki te paerewa. whakatinana ratou te mau parau tumu, āhuatanga, tikanga o te tātai kāinga pūngao-pai.

Hoki, ki te whakaaro ki te Russian Federation, hanga whare whakarōpū o pai pūngao:

• Hāngū whare - whakawera pau iti iho i te 15, te tapeke kohi pūngao mō te tau - e kore neke atu i 120 kirowati-haora ia wae AREA;
• whare kohi ultra-iti - te kohi ā-tau pūngao mō te whakawera - 16-35, me te tapeke kohi pūngao mō te tau - iti iho i te 180 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae;
• whare ki te kohi iti pūngao - te hanganga ki te kohi pūngao ā-tau mō ngā hiahia whakawera - 36-50, me te katoa kohi pūngao ā-tau - iti iho i te 260 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae.

History o te whanaketanga

Mid-90 o te rau tau rua tekau i tohua e te turanga i roto i Darmstadt, Germany, he pātuitanga "Passive Whare". Architects Vestermauer ko Bott, Ridder arahina e Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny whare hoahoa, i meinga te tauira mō whare pūngao-whakaora muri katoa. hanga whare hāngū i roto i 1991 ki te whai wāhitanga o te kāwanatanga o Hessen. kohi Annual o whare mō te whakawera - iti iho i te 1 rita o te wahie ia rohe wae.

Āhuatanga hoahoa

Hianga o nga whare hāngū oti e te rongoā hoahoa e whai ake nei.

Ko te taiepa i waho o te pereki magnesium paparanga 175 mm matotoru kiriweti Styrofoam 275 mm o, i roto oti matotoru gypsum te raima 15 mm me toru pepapātū paparanga ki peita muri o.

Tuanui hipoki ki te pararopi, apa tātari, papa maramara 50 mm matotoru, whakapakaritia ki kurupae rakau, hiri ki polyethylene kiriata, te kiriweti ki te apa o te huruhuru hipi kohuke 445 mm matotoru, oti e toru-whenu plasterboard me pepapātū ki peita muri.

whawhe inaki raima 160 mm, 250 mm kiriweti paraharaha terei, mātao 40 mm, 50 mm me screed ake ki te 15 mm parquet.

pihanga Matapihi ki toru, e rua-ara iti-emissivity paninga, ruma krypton-tonu. anga rakau ki polyurethane pahuka i mātao.

whakatinana whakaora Heat te exchanger wera counterflow i te basement o te whare. i whakamahia motors DC Tuatahi ki te pana hiko.

whakaratohia te wai wera te flat kohikohi mārua rohe o 5.3 sq. mita ia flat (66% whakarato DHW whakaritenga) me kiato taiepa-eke kōhua tōhau ki hau tūturu. putorino DHW whakatakotoria i roto i te apa tuuraa me te pai taratahi.

inenga mana

Ki runga ki te otinga o te hanganga me te whakaaetanga o te whare i hanga e te inenga Taki o rere o te hau, te pēhanga whakamātautau, inenga haratau o te pāmahana, me te mana kohi. whakapumautia ratou te paetae o te whāinga.

kohi Annual o pūngao waiariki i hoki whakawera i roto i te 1991-1992 rite ki te 19.8 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae, i kiia hoki 8% o te kohi o ngā whaitua whare noa. I roto i te 1992-1993, kua heke kohi ā-tau ki te 11.8 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae (5.5% o te kohi o ngā whare, tangohia hoki whakarite). I muri mai, te heke haere te kohi ki iti iho i te 10 kirowati-haora ia rohe wae ia tau.

i pera iti e hape ratou tohunga mo te wa roa Whika. He nui whakaiti i roto i te utu pūngao, ko 90%, i tutuki i roto i te whakamahi o te hikohiko kiritaki nui-mahi.

I tono te wheako Tiamana e kaihoahoa Finnish me kaihoahoa i ētahi atu whenua Pākehā. Mai reira, kua hanga te ao hau atu i te 40,000 hāngū eco-kāinga.

hanga whare hāngū i roto i Russia

e rave rahi ahanoa whakamahi paerewa taketake i nei e hanga whare hāngū kua hanga i roto i te Russian Federation i Moscow, St Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod ko Yekaterinburg whakatinana ranei. Kaupapa ka etahi o e kia kōrero i muri.

Ko te kaupapa i roto i te rohe Moscow

I roto i te whare takitahi ki ngā kaupapa kohi pūngao iti ngā "Whare Hohe" i roto i te rohe Moscow, e hoki pē wera.

Active Whare Ko te whare ki te taumata rerekē o te pai pūngao, engari ki te whakamarie nui, whakarei ki te pūnaha mana āhuarangi aunoa o te whare "kāinga atamai", mā te whakamahi i ngā puna pūngao whakahou, me te mâ taiao.

oti te kaupapa i roto i te 2011. Tohu te 5 tangata wāhi tātai hanganga 229 mita pūrua, te papa e rua, te anga i hanga o te rakau, kiriweti ki papa o kohuke huruhuru ISOVER, dormers VELUX, matotoru hanganga taiapa waho 550-650 mm, ātete o te tuanui me taiepa 12, he papa 14 (m ² wera · ° C) / Watt. auau Hā - 0.4 wa ia haora. mana kohi Ko anake hoki whakawera i roto i te tau, ko te 38, me te kohi pūngao katoa - 110 kWh ia rohe wae ia tau.

Ko te kaupapa i roto i te Nizhny Novgorod

Ko tētahi atu tauira o te kaupapa ki te kohi wera ultra-iti mō te whakawera taiao-whare he tata ki Nizhny Novgorod, oti i roto i te 2012.

Ko te wāhi hanga e rua-kōrero o 141 mita pūrua. mita, tatau mo wha nga tangata, ko te hanganga i te puka o te anga rakau, papa taratahi o te kohuke huruhuru ISOVER, he kōtaha matapihi REHAU GENEO, e toru mōhiti, tuku wera ātete, 8.7 te taiepa, tuanui 12.8, 8.9 m sex ² · ° C / Watt. Tīpakongia pūnaha ventilation Zehnder ki te whakaora wera tōtika o 84%, me te huringa rangi tere o 0.3 wa ia haora. Ā-tau mō te kohi whakawera pūngao ko 33 kWh ia rohe wae.

whare hë - te hoariri o pai

Mai te rawa timata riro te whakaaro o te taiao hāngū e ka kia rite ki ranei paku atu te utu atu i te utu o noa te utu o taua whare. Ko te whakaaro i muri i tenei i ki utu iti o te hanga, te toenga ikeiketanga o te utu, te kounga me te hoki tere i runga i ngā utu.

Kei te whakatautika i te whāinga matua me te wero i te utu o te hanganga o taua whakaurunga i roto i te Russian Federation me te hanga o te kāinga tikanga. Ko te displacement o kāinga pūngao-pai o te whiriwhiri i roto i te rāngai papatipu hohoro kore e tupu. Tenei ka rapua e, i roto i te tua ki te whakangungu o kaihoahoa, a hoki te wātea o te kaihanga taumata pūkenga e hiahiatia ana, te whakamahi o ngā rauemi o te kounga teitei, me te taumata hangarau o te taputapu me ngā rauemi ki te āhuatanga motuhake.

rāngai hanga Mass i roto i Russia hiahia ki te whakaiti i te utu o te whare e tika ana ki te whakamahi o ngā rauemi kounga iti, me te āhua-mohio mahi ā-ringa. Ka rite ki te roa rite taua manakohanga e, te whakawhiti ki tiketike-tech hanga pūngao-pai o te whare papatipu titiro mariko.

Tuhinga i roto i te Russia

Ko te whakaiti whakaritea o 40% o ngā paerewa kohi pūngao i 2020 tikanga, kei te ki te tahuri te tai i roto i te manakohia o hangarau pūngao-tiaki. Pūnoa ātete waiariki ka nui ake i 0,52 ki 0.8 m ² · ° C / W, a muri iho e - ki 1.0. Mā te whakaora i roto i ngā pūnaha ventilation ka kia whakahauanga. I tenei wa, he mea nui ki te urutau me te whakatinana i wheako ke. Na roto i te 2020 e tūmanakohia reira te hanga o pinepine o nga whare hāngū. E taua wa ka hanga reira te tikanga e tika ana: kua whakawhanakehia te Bank he pūnaha o whiwhinga maitai, kaihoahoa, ngā me kaihanga ako hangarau hou. Tenei ka hanga i te mākete me te kiritaki hiahiatanga pūmau.