Waiwaro tahi: Āhuatanga Chemical

waiwaro kukū paraffins ranei, biosoedineniya he e hono aua rāpoi ngota o ngā ngota waro nei ohie here (kotahi), me ētahi atu waeine katoa e kukū valences e ngota hauwai.

Waiwaro tahi: ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Ko te māngai tuatahi o te raupapa huirua o te mewaro - hau i S5N12 ki S15N32 - wai, mai i S16N34 - totoka. Ki te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā ngota waro i roto i te rāpoi ngota waiwaro tahi ake i fakanatula ratou ira whakakoero me te koropupu.

waiwaro koropupu iti ki te mekameka pekapeka te nui raro whakaritea ki te wāhi e koropupu ana o ratou poinanaha. Te mewaro me te ewaro e koreami, ahua waiwaro wai he penehīni kakara (pēwaro me hexane) me karahīni, homologs teitei ona i mewaro. He mama noa ake te wai, a ngā rewa i roto i reira waiwaro kukū. He ngāwari wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa organic waiwaro kukū, me waiwaro tahi wai ratou he whakarewa pai.

Waiwaro tahi: Āhuatanga Chemical

Hoki enei biosoedineny āhuatanga e te tauhohenga iti. Ko ratou e mangere, whakaaturia e te i roto i to ratou taitara - paraffins. Ko tenei no te mea i roto i te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota C me H ngota hono here sigma. Ko te inertness matū o enei matū e tika ana ki to ratou rāpoi hanganga āhuatanga. I roto i te tikanga ki te wahi i te here sigma, e hiahia ana koe ki te noho i te rota o te pūngao. matū Basic. āhuatanga o ngā hopi, arā tauhohenga i roto i nei tomo ratou, tenei tauhohe nitration, kōnakonakotanga, sulfonation, sulfochlorination, hangai. Waiwaro tahi tauhohe tuwhena tīmataria e Radicals, UV ranei kama, peroxides, whakawera. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e āhuatanga ratou e rua ngā momo o tauhohe: te whakakapinga o te hauwai ki te hononga whati "waro-hauwai" me te wāhinga o te rāpoi ngota ki whaturama o te C-C ranei C-H.

Waiwaro tahi: āhuatanga matū. Ko te tauhohenga o te kōnakonakotanga tuwhena

Kei te te tahi mau taime tēnei tauhohenga tuku metalepsiey. Ka taea te rongo te reira i te rā. Ko te pouri i 250-400 ° C ranei i te aroaro o kaiwhakakökï (parahi pūhaumāota, parahi pūhaumāota, tine) ngota kōnakonako raupapa te ngota hauwai i roto i te rāpoi ngota o ngā waiwaro.

Waiwaro tahi: āhuatanga matū. tauhohenga nitration

Kei te ngāwari whakakapia te rōpū nitro mō hauwai i roto i te mätauranga matua, tuarua taimaha a te tino uaua ki ngota waro tuatahi. Na kawea nitration tauine ahumahi o waiwaro i roto i roto i te wāhanga hau i 150-490 ° C ki te waikura nitric kohu waikawa hauota ranei.

Waiwaro tahi: āhuatanga matū. Ko te tauhohenga o te sulfochlorination

I roto i te waiwaro kukū ki te ranunga o te pūngāwhā hāora rua , me te māota. maha he peroxides UV radiation ranei kaiwhakakökï. whakamahia ana tēnei tauhohenga ko ki te whakaputa i teretere waihanga (teretere). I te alkilsulfohloridy He kawakore e arata'i ki te hanganga o Mariao kawakore o waikawa sulphonic, nga wāhanga hanganga o teretere (i peitahia, puehu).

waiwaro kukū - te rauemi raw mo te kōtuitui o ngā matū waro. He tikanga matua mō te kōtuitui o tokomaha o ratou ko te faaineineraa o ngā waiwaro rua i ngā hopi, ranei waiwaro hamanga.

Wāhinga o hauwai i te rāpoi ngota waiwaro tahi dehydrogenation ranei i te aroaro o kaiwhakakökï me i raro i te whakawera (460 ° C) ka taea ki te whiwhi i te waiwaro rua e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tikanga o te piti hāora o waiwaro i pāmahana iti i roto i te aroaro o kaiwhakakökï (tai konupora). Tenei taea te mana hāngai i runga i te tauhohenga me ki te whiwhi i te hua e tika ana o te hāora i roto i te tukanga o te kōtuitanga matū. Hei tauira, i roto i te piti hāora o ngā waiwaro teitei whiwhi ngā waiwaihā teitei ranei teitei waikawa ngakongako.

puta hoki wāhinga waiwaro tahi i roto i te tahi atu tikanga (tahu, hangai). tahu waiwaro kukū ki te tuku mura puru moni nui o te wera. tukua ēnei āhuatanga ki te whakamahi ia ratou kia rite ki tiketike-pūngoi wahie i roto i te kāinga, me te i roto i te ahumahi.