Ture moni o te ōhanga

Me mākete Modern mana moni e tauwehe waho. Ko e tika ana ki te hiahia whanaketanga o te pūnaha mākete tenei, kia rite ki reira iho i ô mai i te otinga o maha ngā raruraru pāpori, me te ōhanga. ka, kahore te tauturu o te tangata ki te akakoromaki i ngā wero katoa kua rahua te ariā o te "ringa kitea o te mākete", rite ki nei te muri, i roto i nga whenua maha. Na ka mahara pai Russia te "therapy ru" o nga nineties o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te iteraa e kore e taea e te mākete ano te tīariari, te reira te mutunga rawa. ture moni o te ōhanga - tetahi o nga mea o te mana waho o te pūnaha mākete. E ai ki economists maha, te taputapu tino nui. I roto i tenei tuhinga tango tatou i te titiro ofi ange kaupapa here moni, whāinga, taputapu, momo. Kia tīmata a ki te whakamāramatanga turanga.

ariā

ture moni o te ōhanga - ko te huinga o ngā mahi kawea i te taha o te Central Bank (CB), e hāngai ana ki te huri i te tawhā supply moni.

Tenei te tikanga e te pēke pokapū pānga te supply moni i roto i te ōhanga. Na te pānga tenei mehua nga akiaki o rerekē haere moni. Just i raro to tatou he titiro i nga tikanga o te mana moni.

whāinga

I te taumata macroeconomic tu nga whāinga ture e whai ake nei i roto i:

1. Te hanga i te tikanga mō te tupu o te öhanga.
2. Mau tonu utu pūmautanga.
3. Whakarite te pūmautanga o ngä päpätanga huamoni i roto i te mākete moni kāinga, reiti whakawhiti.
4. Whakatutuki i te taumata mōrahi o te mahi.

Ko te whāinga matua o moni - ki te mau tonu utu pūmautanga. I ahu mai nga mea katoa atu te i a ratou. Ko te ōhanga Russian i raro i te pūmautanga utu tei runga i te whakaiti ōrite o te pikinga. Ko pānga ki te āhuarangi haumi i roto i te whenua, me te whakapakari i te tupu ohaoha wā roa-.

Ko te ariā o te pikinga

Pikinga - he hekenga i roto i te mana hoko o te moni e tika ana ki tona hekenga. Hei tauira, whakaritea pikinga ā-tau i te 10%. Mai i tenei whai reira e hoki 1000 moni i tenei ra ka taea e koe te hoko i te nui ano o taonga rite i roto i te 1100 he tau.

mana moni o te Central Bank hāngai matua i whakaiti i te tere o te pikinga. Ehara i te mea maere e pareparenga Russian tuku moni taurewa utu. he tika ki te pikinga nui tenei. Kore e taea ki te aro i roto i o ratou ringa moni maha ki, rite ki ia ra e haere ana i te whakapaipai e "kai" nga ture e kitea o te mākete.

kaha Limited o te Central Bank

E kore mahi hanganga ture o te Central Bank, na he noa tona mahi ki te maeneene i rerekē mākete i roto i wāhanga takitahi o te mākete pūtea.

Ahakoa nga whāititanga, kia whakahaere i te Central Bank mana moni, e hangaia nei ki:

1. Whakarei i te mahi o ngā kaiuru o rerekē haere moni.
2. Tiakina te ngākau nuitanga o te toenga o te kaiuru mākete.
3. Puritia atu i āwenewene te whakanui ake ratou utu.
4. Waihanga i te tikanga mō te haumi.
5. Te whakawhanake i tētahi taiao whakataetae i roto i te mākete.
6. Hei whakawhānui i te mākete o ratonga pēke, me te whakapai ake i to ratou kounga.

Ko te tūranga o te macroeconomics nui moni mo te katoa, me te mo ia tangata takitahi i roto i ngā. I teie mahana, e whakaatu tatou he āhuatanga i reira heke pikinga te. arahina tenei ki te hekenga i roto i ngä päpätanga huamoni i runga i putunga pēke, e he nei uaua nui 8% te tau. Heoi, i te wa ano, tauwehe ōhanga āwenewene whakaiti i te toenga tūturu o ngā kaiuru i roto i te mākete i roto i te tahi atu tikanga, pērā i roto i moni mimiti haere te wāriu. ie horihori e tukupu ana o te uara o te RUPO arata'i ki te hekenga i roto i tona kaha hoko i roto i te hokohoko te ao. Homai te meka e kua katoa taonga whakamutunga kawemai to matou whenua, kei te kitenga tatou he ara nui i roto i ngā utu. No reira ko reira mārama e mana moni i roto i Russia he ona ake āhuatanga motuhake i roto i te rerekē ki ētahi atu whenua. Na reira, e kore e taea e matou te mea e te vai nei he tohutao ao rautaki tika mō ia whenua. tikanga whai hua mō te kotahi whenua kia arahi ki te tiango pūtea oti o te tahi atu.

ahanoa

hāngai mana moni te i te pae e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te tere o te rerekē haere o te moni.
2. Ko te rōrahi o taurewa.
3. Auau o te moni motu.
4. Tono me te supply o moni motu.
5. Te supply moni i roto i te ōhanga.
6. Ko te whakarea o te whakanui moni.

mana moni ia o enei tawhā he anga wā. E whakatakotoria ratou i runga i ngā taumata rerekē o te kāwanatanga. Na reira e kore e taea ki te mea e te ture o te pūnaha moni ngā kōrero e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i te kāwanatanga anake mo te take ohie e ko te reira i te Central Bank, e kore nei e rongo i te mana kāwanatanga, whakahaere whaiaro ture-. Ko reira i te mahi lelei mo o te kāwanatanga, me te tei te Central Bank i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi o mua tata nei.

tikanga

Tikanga regulirirovaniya moni ngā:

• Forecasting.
• whakamahere
• Methods me ngā pānga taputapu.

Turai hiahia moni

Ture o te kaupapa here moni tei runga i te mana'o turai o te tono moni.

Ko te momo tuatahi - he taumu'a take. E whakarato ana i te mahi ōhanga o nāianei o te kaiuru mākete. Hoki te tumu tangata whakawhitinga toharite tikanga te take o te moni i runga i utu marama tae noa ki te utu i muri: kai, taputapu, utu pūkoro me ētahi atu.

Hoki pakihi tumu take ko te moni, e kua hangaia ki te mau tonu i te pakihi haere tonu (utu ki kaituku, utu o reti, me ētahi atu).

Hoki te āhua, ko reira he rakau utu e taea ai e koe te whakarato i whakatau tata i runga i te mākete ke.

Ko te momo tuarua - te mana'o turai whakatūpato. taea te reira i kaiuru mākete ki te waihanga i tētahi rāhui. Hoki tangata noa tenei maoro mo te ra ua, nga takoha ki te moni tāpui i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i ngā rauemi me ētahi atu. Pakihi, me te hanga i te kāwanatanga te rāhui, me te stabilization moni.

Ko te momo tuatoru - te mana'o turai natulá. e kore he moni hou iho te puna o te taonga o te uara. Na reira wahi o nga moni e whakamahia ana mo te rironga o whäwhä (pūtea) rawa, moni i roto i te puka o ngā moni,. Ki te hunga e ngā here, rakau, ahumahi mea pūtea.

Tono me te supply o te moni

Tono me te supply o te moni ko te uaua tino ki te matapae uara. e taea ki te matapae take whanonga heke mai te reira, pera tei reira ki runga ki āhuatanga macroeconomic kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ao. Hei tauira, te whanaketanga o te cryptocurrency me e-tauhokohoko arata'i ki te hekenga i roto i te tono mo te moni motu. Ko te hua i roto i te tono mō te moni tei runga i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Tuhinga o pikinga me te pikinga tūmanako.
2. whakawhirinaki Nui ake i roto i te pūnaha pēke.
3. Ko te tupu o te ōhanga.

Ka taea e tetahi faahiti i te tauira pai o te moni Russia i muri i te raruraru o 2008: kua tangohia te kāwanatanga he ture i raro i nei te inihua whakahauanga putunga pēke katoa ki runga ki te nui tetahi. A e kore e taea e koutou wehi e ka haere kaihau te pēke, rite te kāwanatanga i roto i te kamupene inihua ka pau i te mate. arahina tenei ki te meka e kua nui haere te taupori whakawhirinaki i roto i te pūnaha pēke.

Tono mō te moni - he tohu matua. tikanga whai hua, me mea o te mana moni e ti'aturi i runga i te tono kaha mo te moni. kia hoki kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e kore te hiahia ki te whai moni, me te taea o te whiwhi ratou ko te taua. Tenei e fehangahangai tatou ki te wā pērā i tere - moni me te moni moni-kore i roto i ngā pūkete pēke. tautuhi te hiahia mo te moni te rite te wahi rite o te tere.

Tere o te moni

ture kaupapa here moni o te ōhanga tei runga i taua tohu rite te tere o te moni. whai wāhi te tupu o putunga wā roa-o pareparenga ki whakaiti o tere moni, me te hurihia, te tiaki i roto i te ōhanga o faarahi te nui o te moni te tere o te moni.

supply moni

tika me Market regulator tātai i te taumata o te waiwai o te moni i roto i te ōhanga. ahakoa he reira e taea ki te whakamahi i tōtika te hua i roto i te supply moni? He aha e pikinga, tūmanako pikinga me ngā taumata mōrearea i roto i te ōhanga? whakautu pau ki enei pātai pānga te whanonga mana. Ka taea e tetahi faahiti te tauira o te timatanga o te tau mano e rua i roto i Russia. Ko te tomonga nui o te moni ki te whenua e pā ana ki te super-hua i te hoko o waiwaro i, kua pā tōraro ki runga ki te ōhanga rite te katoa. kihai ia i taea e "ngaungau" katoa o te supply moni ore e haafifi i production. whakatere pikinga ki te 10-12% te tau. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i reira ko he ara nui i roto i te utu o te nama. Kino pāngia aua rāngai o te ōhanga kihai i i pā ki te hinu, me te hau rāngai: ahuwhenua, transportation, waka, rängai tūmatanui. i hokiate Investments i roto i enei rāngai whakaritea ki haumi i roto i te tahi atu wāhi. Hoki, i reira ko te tāne i roto i te moni o tangata noa. Hei tauira, ko te utu toharite o te utu kaiako a tawhio noa 6-7 mano. Moni he marama, a handyman i ngā pae hanga ki te whiwhi i te torutoru mano moni i te ra. I teie mahana e kite tatou e kore te mea pera kite te tāne i roto i te ahumahi, tena ko tenei tatou raruraru rawa rerekē i roto i te ōhanga.

whakaritea te supply moni e:

1. Ko te turanga moni (rawa) o te Central Bank. Ēnei ngā pūtea taurewa ki tahataha, peeke - te tikanga here Treasury tuhipoka o te ōhanga ārahi i roto i te ao - utu ke rahui.
2. ngä päpätanga huamoni i runga i te mākete moni motu. Kei te karanga a hoki te reira i te auau refinancing matua. Ko te auau huamoni i ai te Central Bank whakarato taurewa ki tahatika arumoni. Noatia, he reira i raro i te auau huamoni i ai te take hou pūtea taurewa ki takitahi me hinonga ohaoha, mai īnaki reira te moni heke mai o te pēke, me te ōrau o te tūpono me te hoki. Hei tauira, ki te te auau matua he refinancing 7%, e kore e taea e raro i te ōrau o te pūtea tārewa pēke mo te tangata tūturu, mai i te mate e kore tetahi e kore e tuku moni. Ko te auau huamoni i runga i te mākete wā-poto i hanga i runga i te pūtake o te ōwehenga o rahui o te pūnaha pēke ki ona putunga. I teie mahana, e whakaatu tatou i te āhuatanga ngā e i taea ki te whakaaro i roto i te aamu hou o to matou whenua, hoatu iwi i roto i putunga pareparenga moni nui o te moni, e, inihua ano, tata katoa. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kotēhia moni tauwehe pūtea i roto o nga tangata pareparenga, te hanga i te tikanga mo raro moni i runga i putunga.
3. A haamau i te rahui tūturu.

Ko te pūnaha pēke rite te take tino nui o te mana i runga i te supply moni

Ko te mana nui i runga i te supply moni kua he pūnaha pēke. Hiki te tikanga me mea o te mana moni:

1. Whakaiti te whakanui ake i te take moni ranei.
2. Te hanga i te rerekē haere moni ukauka.
3. Whakawhitinga i roto i te mākete pūtea ki te whakahaere i tohanga moni.

Methods o mana moni i roto i te whenua ōhanga whakawhanakehia me te whakawhanake ripeneta rerekē.

Central Bank - he kaitākaro matua i roto i te ture. Ki te mahi i tenei, whakamahia e ia nga taputapu e whai ake nei o te ture o te kaupapa here moni:

1. Putanga o moni.
2. Refinancing o pareparenga, riro ie. E. te Central Bank he "pēke mō pareparenga" me homai i loans i tahatika arumoni whakaturia ratou taua reiti. perekreditovyvatsya Tata aua moni i roto i te mākete kāinga i teitei ngä päpätanga huamoni.
3. Whakatuwheratia ngā mahi mākete i runga i te hoko me te hoko o peeke me Moni mo utu i roto i te ao te ao.

Nā ki te whakahaeretanga o runga ake, me te hanga e te tikanga kotahi o te ture moni.

Na, ko te tūranga tino nui i roto i macroeconomics te Central Bank o te whenua. Faataa i runga i te tumu parau ohaoha muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

tūnga CBR

Ko te pūnaha Russian pēke, te Central Bank - pēke matua te whenua o. Ko ia i runga i runga o te pūnaha pūtea katoa me te hangaia ki te whakatika i te auau o te tahi atu pareparenga katoa i roto i te hanganga ture ki te rautaki ōhanga whānui. Ko e tika ana ki te refinancing me mana tenei. Ka rite ki te mahi whakamutunga o te Central Bank kua te tika ki te whakatarewa i te mahi o ngā rōpū nama katoa, tapahia putia ana tona raihana. I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua tangohia e ahau ake te rārangi tino mīharo o rite neschastlivchikov. He tokomaha noa i te whakaaro e te Bank o tino whakawātea te pae mō pareparenga nui ki te whai wāhitanga kāwanatanga.

Ko hoki Central Bank he māngai matua o te kaupapa here moni. Heoi, e kore ia e whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakatau ki te whakatutuki i ō rātou whāinga, me te whakahaere ōhanga.

Pūrongo ki te Central Bank o Russia?

Ahakoa te meka e te Central Bank o Russia - te pareparenga matua o te whenua, i te mea te kotahi anake te tangata e whai i te tika ki te tā moni, e kore e rongo ia e kore te kāwanatanga Russian ranei tetahi atu tinana kāwanatanga. Ki te kore e whai i to tatou ahua nui te moni ki te utu i utu, penihana, me hua, e kore te Russian Central Bank ka tuku moni ki te kāwanatanga. I hanga tēnei pūnaha ihoa i te timatanga rawa o te hanganga o te Russia motuhake. Tenei tūkunga homai ara ki maha pūtaiao tōrangapū karanga B. N. Eltsina - peresideni Russian tuatahi - he kaituku. Pūrongo ki te Bank o Russia? Ētahi mea ki te māia e te Central Bank o to tatou whenua - te peka o te Rahui Federal, ētahi atu ahua reira ki te Monetary Fund International, atu pono, mai i reira he he tohutoro tika ki reira i roto i te Ture. Heoi, e rua he tino e faaterehia tatou e te Rothschilds me nga Rockefellers.

Ko te mea e tika ana ki te tātari i te ture Federal i "Te Central Bank o te Russian Federation", taka katoa ki wahi: ngā te Central Bank o te matenga, me ngā mema o te Poari Whakahaere i te nui o 14 iwi. Kua pōtitia katoa o ratou i te State Duma i runga ki te peresideni Russian. Na ko reira e tika ana ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai arorau: ahakoa te Central Bank o Russia te taua whakahaere pro-American? Te hoê pahonoraa papû he anake, ki te hoki ka kia pro-American te Paremete ano.

Hoki, ki pā o te US pēke pokapū huanga Russia whakamārama e i roto i 2014 75% o te katoa te pai o te Central Bank o whakawhitinga Russia ki te pūtea e hānga ana, me te toe 15% haere ki Vnesheconombank.

Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari ko te tino uaua te ture wehe Russia i te Central Bank o te kāwanatanga Russian. A, ki te totohe ratou i roto a ratou ano, ka ka waiho te tikanga mo te pēke pokapū, rite nga take totohe e whakatauria i roto i te marae e te ao, e rite ki te Ture o te rongoā i runga marae kāinga. Ko to matou Ture, e mahi i roto i te whenua mai i 1993.

Ko te mahi o te Central Bank o Russia

Ko te Bank o Russia mahi nga mahi e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te reira i te moni no te pūtahi nama i roto i te whenua.
2. Whakawhanake tahi me te kaupapa here moni kāwanatanga uouangataha.
3. He he heriheri i runga i te take o te whakatinanatanga o te moni motu.
4. Ka tautuhi te mana moni.
5. Ka tautuhi ture ki te whakahaere ngā mahi pēke, pūrongo hoki te pūnaha pēke, me te kaute.

Mai i te rārangi, ka kite koutou e te mahi i te Central Bank ki te kāwanatanga. E. mahi ratou rite hoa, a kahore he tohu o tetahi subordination. Tenei meka fokotuu ki he tokomaha e Russia - he koroni o te pūnaha pūtea o te Te Hau-ā-uru. Heoi, e whakapono ana nga kaiwawao o te pūnaha e taea ai te reira ki te aukati i te arbitrariness o rangatira Russian rohe i te tukunga whakakeke o moni, me te nama kāinga tamau. Ko reira nui ki te tātari i te whānuitanga o te pirau, i te mea kua kahore ngaro ki te ui ranei mana waho i runga i te pēhi tā ko te take kino? Pea anake tenei meka hopoia whakaora i te whenua i te pikinga katoa.

Whakamātau ki te hoki mai te "mana motuhake"

I roto i to tatou whenua i reira ko te maha o MP me kaitōrangapū e taunaki nuitia te Kōawa o te Central Bank. E tonu whakaurua ratou ki roto ki te State Duma he ture tauira, engari ki reira ara ake tonu ngaru kino o te faaino tūmatanui. He aha te take e memeha? Ko reira taea e kore e whakawhirinaki tatou tangata ko to tatou kāwanatanga e maha nga wa e tinihangatia ratou. Piri tokomaha kōwhiringa o motuhake o te Central Bank o te kāwanatanga Russian nui whakawhirinaki i roto i te heke mai i te whakawhiti i te reira ki te kāwanatanga, e kore e whai i tetahi mana ki runga i te supply moni. A haamana'o na i te ra o te USSR: ko te moni katoa engari kahore tetahi hiahia ki te hoko i te taonga mo te mongamonga huakore o te pepa, ka rite ki te kāwanatanga i te wa katoa i pokanoa ki te kaupapa here moni, me te moni o te Bank mo taonga tōrangapū wā-poto ki te whara o te whanaketanga. Na reira, i roto i te āhuatanga i reira rongoa kaihanga o taonga i roto i warehouses, pohehe te hanga he takarepa, a whakawhitia ai mo "mākete mangu" i te utu tika. kihai i No mehua whakahaere i āwhina ki te hanga i nga ētahi ki te tomo i te mākete ture. Ko te aha mahue tatou tangata i waho o ratou takoha, mai hiahiatia te ora ōhanga ki tino whakangaromia ratou e tika ana ki te mīti o ngā pūkete, me te whakatere o te hyperinflation.

State Bank o te USSR

I roto i te Soviet Union State Bank he tino kaimahi ki te Kaunihera o Minita o te USSR. Ko te nui o te moni i whakaritea e te tikanga-ture. hoatu te Kaunihera o Minita te tikanga, a ka he take te Bank i runga i tona pūtake. Kua arahina tenei ki te āhuatanga i roto i i huaina pūtaiao ōhanga ko "pikinga repressed". I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu e taea te whakaahuatia reira e whai ake: i reira he moni i te katoa, engari e kore ratou e taea te hoko tetahi mea. Ko te mārama tenei: pai te kaihanga ki te pupuri i te taonga i roto i warehouses me kore ki te hoko i te reira, no te mea kihai i whai i te moni e uara ki e waia nei tatou i teie mahana. Mau puawai hokohoko, e te mea rite ki te pūnaha feudal. He āhuatanga rite taea e tupu ano ki te nationalize te Bank o Russia.