Tupu Economic, ona momo me ngā āhuatanga o te whanaketanga

Neke atu i te te rau tau mua, whakawhanakehia maha ngā ariā o tupu ohaoha, ki te mea te aronga matua i runga i te tāutu o etahi āhuatanga o te nuinga o te pūmanawa, me ona āhuatanga takitahi o te pūnaha. tupu Economic Ko te hua i roto i te pūnaha whakaputa o te whenua, hua i roto i te hua o GDP me hua kupenga mo te hinonga. I roto i ētahi wā, ka taea e te tango i reira wahi, kahore te huringa nui i roto i ngā pūnaha production, i roto i etahi atu - e tahi e tino whakapaitanga i roto i te hanganga me ngā mahi o te pūnaha whakaputa katoa.

āhuatanga te tupu ōhanga o te momo tuatahi e te hua nui i roto i ngā rauemi ohaoha - te hanga o rori hou, pakihi, ngā tipu kaha. Tenei momo kua he ingoa - te tupu ōhanga whānui. Ko te rua o te momo o te tupu i huaina ko te tupu tere, i roto i tenei take, GDP tupu outpacing te hua te maha o ngā rauemi ohaoha wātea ana. I roto i te tahuri, tupu kaha ōhanga ko tetahi o te wāhanga tino nui o te hapori haumaru, Heoi, ko te tino uaua te whakawhitinga ki reira.

Methods pānga i runga i te tipu ōhanga ko nga āhuatanga hāngai, me te autaki. A, no te huaina tenei aho ko nga āhuatanga e hanga te rave'a mo te tupu. āhuatanga supply Direct:

• te kounga me te nui o ngā rauemi māori;
• te kounga me te nui o te hōpuni;
• hangarau me te whakahaere o te hanga;
• te nui o te whakapaipai;
• te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga pakihi me ratou taumata i roto i te hapori hou.

āhuatanga autaki ngā tikanga e tukua ki te ite i te hiahiatanga taea mō te tupu o te öhanga. Ka karanga āhuatanga autaki o supply me te tuari:

• āhuarangi tāke i roto i te ōhanga;
• whakaiti i roto i te tohu o monopolization o te mākete;
• te whai huatanga o te pūnaha nama me te pēke;
• tupu i roto i te kiritaki, kāwanatanga, me te haumi moni;
• Manatü e taea o ngā rauemi ahumahi i roto i te ōhanga;
• roha o deliveries kaweake;
• pūnaha tohatoha moni whakahaere.

I te wa ano, whakaaro tupu ōhanga whānui te te momo tino ohie o tupu, whakarato reira rawa he ara ngāwari ki te whakapiki ake i te tere o te whanaketanga ōhanga, ka taea ki te hohoro koe te whakatutuki i te hua i roto i te pūmanawa ōhanga o te whenua. Kei te mua tata tonu tupu whānui i tupu kaha. Ko tenei te tino nui tohu o ōhanga tupu,'Oku fekau'aki vāofi'a e ratou, ka kua he faufaa motuhake mo te iteraa tonu o te pūmanawa production.

Ki te rā, i reira e rua ariā nui atu iti iho ranei e tika ana ki te tere o te tupu o te öhanga: Keynesian me neoclassical. Rua ariā o tupu ōhanga i ripeneta rerekē märama e pā ana ki te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua. Neoclassicism whakapono te huarahi mākete, taea ki te whakaoti i nga raruraru ngā katoa i roto i te whenua. Keynesians, i roto i te tahuri, tautohe e ko te tino puhoi te huarahi mākete me taea arahi i te ōhanga ki te taumata hou tonu rawa roa.

ariā Keynesian aru e kāwanatanga maha i roto i te wā kaumātua, engari kia rite ki te tupu ōhanga ki te taumata muri, ki te kitea, me ngā āhuatanga kino ki te whakaongaonga tono tōpū. E kore taea te tono kia mau ki te tono tino teeraa ake, ara utu rino, me te kua riro pikinga hanganga ohorere. Na reira, i tohua te eighties i te meka e kua tahuri te nuinga o nga whenua i to ratou aro ki te tūranga o neoclassical.

Whakawa i te meka e nga raruraru o ōhanga whanaketanga me te tupu i roto i te Russian whiwhi te whakanui ake faufaa i roto i te heke mai, ko te reira te pai taea tino ahunga hou, me te whai hua o te whanaketanga o te production, te whakatutuki auau teitei o te tupu ōhanga, me rite te putanga, hua i roto i te rauemi pai-oranga o tangata Russian.