Transduction - he aha te mea tenei?

были описаны в разное время. Transformation me transduction kua whakaahuatia i ngā wā. whakatuwheratia te whakamutunga i roto i 1952. Ka titiro tēnei tuhinga i te mea ko nga momo rerekē o te transduction, he aha ngā āhuatanga kua ratou me te wahi te whakamahia ai tenei āhuatanga.

Ko te rangahau tuatahi

Ka rite ki te ākonga, N. Tsinder mahi i roto i Lederberg taiwhanga ako te aroaro o te conjugation i Salmonella typhimurium. whakamahia e ia 20 monoauksotrofnyh ona taumahatanga. A, no te e ratou tamata whakauru pūtaiao pairwise ki te kitea uri prototrophic. I te 9 take, nga iramate o enei pūtau kua tāutuhia i roto i te 79 ngā. Nā ki te meka e kore tetahi o te matatu taketake i te hanga i repertantov i iti reo mutu Tsinger e waenganui i te kawea ratou i roto i conjugation, i roto i nei whakawhitia te mōhiohio iranga te.

Hei whakaū i te whakapae, ki Lederberg, korerotia ana e ia te whakamātautau o Davis ki te tahuri ngongo he tātari karaihe U-āhua e tango i te pūtau o microorganisms. whakamahia te ako taumahatanga o Salmonella typhimurium 2Ahis- me 22Atrp-. I roto i te korere kotahi peka whanau 22A he ahurea o te matatu ki tetahi - 2A. Rua i te kukū o te 1 • 108 ngā pūtau / ml. I muri i te wā heki, tāutuhia te taumahatanga wahi 22A ihirangi i ngā pūtau prototrophic. i hanga e ratou i te auau o te 1 • 10-5. i ngaro te tahi atu korere peka pūtau prototrophic.

kihai i nga hua whakamātautau whakaū i te whakapae o te whakawhiti conjugation o ngā mōhiohio i te taumahatanga 22A ko 2A.

Transduction: Ko te Experience

I roto i te tirohanga muri i kitea ai e te huaketo te 22A matatu ki Petapaki P22. He mea e taea ki te whakapoke me ngā pūtau lyse Salmonella typhimurium 2A. Ongó i roto i te tātari, kua huaketo reira nga pūtau, uri, me te memeha ratou. Ki te puta tenei tuku o te filtration kaihoko (rite huaina a reira ko Lederberg me Tsinger). Ia, i roto i te tahuri, ka haere i roto i te karaihe. I raro i te mana o te kaihoko tātari, etahi o nga pūtau i roto i te 22A riaka riro āhuatanga tuku motuhake. i rite ki te hunga reira i roto i te 2A riaka, i nei tu i te FA ratou.

I roto i te ngā whakakitea reira te kaha ki te synthesize tryptophan. I takoto te reira e kore te te kaihoko tātari ngaro te mahi i te tukanga i te reira DNase. Faaore i te taea o te panoni. I kitea te reira e ko te āhuatanga tātari o te kaihoko P22 Petapaki ōrite. faaoti te reira i tenei e te mauria te muri mōhiohio i runga i te 22A matatu ki 2A, i mahi ai rite taunakitanga o tūranga ira o waikawa karihi.

I whakaurua Transduction rite te ariā ki te whakaahua i tēnei āhuatanga tuku raraunga ira.

Ko te pū o te tukanga

специфичное явление, при котором осуществляется перенос генетической информации от клетки-донора к клетке-реципиенту при помощи фага . Transduction - he āhuatanga motuhake i roto i i kawea i roto i te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio ā-ira i te pūtau kaituku ki te pūtau kaiwhiwhi te whakamahi i Petapaki. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te meka e i roto i te akoranga o te uri o phages taea te hanga e o matūriki. Fakataha ki ranei hei utu o DNA ngā ratou i te ingoa te tahi atu whatiwhatinga transduced. E ai ki ona āhuatanga adsorption me Morphology e rite ki virions Petapaki tikanga. Heoi, ki te whakapoke ratou pūtau hou, i reira te mea he whakawhiti o tikanga e ira o te rangatira whakamutunga. ko te kupu ngā transduction tikanga i roto i te whai ake. Hoki ki te whakawhiti o tikanga e ira e tika ana te whakahaere i whakarea o te Petapaki ki te pūtau o te matatu kaituku. I muri iho, kia whakaurua te fagolizat hua ki te pūtau kaiwhiwhi. kawea Tīpakonga o transductants i roto i runga i pāpāho whiriwhiri. I roto i te kore e taea e ratou pūtau kaiwhiwhi tuatahi tupu.

whakarōpū

kua i roto i te ako i te tītohunga kua kitea taua mea e etahi phages i te kaha ki te unga ira rerekē, me etahi atu - motuhake anake. Fakatatau ki ai, tohaina te rua momo o whakawhiti raraunga:

1. transduction whānui. явление предполагает передачу любого фрагмента хромосомы. Tenei āhuatanga tā te whakawhitinga o tetahi kongakonga o te pūira.
2. hekenga motuhake. I roto i tenei take, e whakawhitia anake etahi ira.

Nonspecific (te whakatakiruatanga o) tukanga

He aha ngā āhuatanga i roto i tenei take e te transduction? явление имеет место при наличии вируса, выступающего только в качестве переносчика материала. puta tenei āhuatanga i roto i te aroaro o te huaketo, mahi anake rite te rauemi kawe. Ko tētahi o ratou - ka mea Petapaki P22. mahi Lederberg ki a ia, me te Zinger. PBS1 B. Subtilis, Р1 E. Coli и проч. I tua atu, phages, i kawea transduction whānui - he PBS1 B. Subtilis, P1 E. coli, a na i runga i. e te tukanga wahi ki te whai wāhitanga o matūriki hapa. Ko te hanganga o enei āhuatanga puta i roto i te phages uri tahi e mimiti haere o te DNA pūira kitakita. Me kï reira e taea ratou hanganga tango i te wahi i te whanaketanga lytic me i muri i te whakauru prophage. I roto i etahi tau o matūriki Kikī ki DNA kitakita. Ko te rahi o ona whatiwhatinga kore upoko rahi. Ko te kupu kia kia Kikī huihui nga wahi ngā i runga i te pūira kitakita. Ko te matūriki Petapaki e kawe kongakonga DNA, tuku ki rite hapa.

tauhononotanga

Ki te fagolizatom, e kei e rua whatiwhatinga noa, me te transducing hamani ngā pūtau matatu kaiwhiwhi, te tikanga arata'i te mate o te Petapaki noa ki te lysis (whakakorenga). Ko e huaketo etahi pūtau ki wāhanga hapa. mai te hanganga mongamonga poto o te DNA rua-paea i te kaituku. Ko te kupu puta circularization. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te whatiwhatinga DNA rārangi i kaituku recombine ki DNA i te kaiwhiwhi. whakahaeretia ana tēnei tukanga e te recA-ira. Ko te kupu, ko reira he tauhono huirua whānui, kawea nei e te tau utuutu (tahi) utu o ngā wāhanga huirua hāngai.

tukanga motuhake

kitea Transduction o tenei momo i roto i 1956. Ko tōna taa ko e whakawhiti ia Petapaki rawa iti, wāhi motuhake o te pūira. Ki te Petapaki nonspecific transduction - "hāngū" pere rauemi ira, me te tauhono puta i runga i ture whānui, i roto i tenei take, i te reira e kore anake whakawhiti te mōhiohio, engari whakarato hoki tona urunga ki te pūira. Ko te tauira tino rongonui mahi he tukanga, mahia i te Petapaki λ. Ko reira, e nehenehe o te whakaparu pūtau o E. coli ki tuitui atu o DNA ki te genome. Tenei Petapaki hitahita ki te huakita i te tauhono pae-motuhake lizogenezatsii (mo e te āputa me te rāpoi ngota iahiko ripeka-tūhono) whakaurua ki te pūira i tetahi anake wahi - i waenganui i ngaa matuu me gal-te huanui. Īhaka, meinga tenei e "he" hanga i te koropiko i roto i te mimiti prophage. No te mea o tenei rohe o te huinga ira taua pātata, piri i te hanganga pūira me haere ki te Petapaki noa. Ka taea e rauemi arapaki whakakapi ake ki te 1/3 o te mōhiohio ā-ira. I muri pōkaitanga hapa matūriki Petapaki DNA i hanga.

Mara o te whakamahi

Ka taea te whakamahi Transduction o huakita:

1. I roto i te hoahoa i te taumahatanga tohuira ngā, isogenic, i roto i ngā. I roto i tenei take he nui iti o matūriki tuku whakarato he tukanga transduction painga i mua i conjugation. taumahatanga Isogeneic hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi whakawhiti generalizatsionnoy rerekē anake i roto i taua wahi o te pūira e maua e te Petapaki hapa.
2. Hoki te ira mahere tika o huakita whakapumautia te tikanga o to ratou whakanohonga i operons, te hanganga pai o te tahi mau tikanga e. rite tenei e whakamātau complementation. Kei te kitea te reira e no te synthesizing etahi hua titau te mahi o te maha ira. Hei tauira, takoto te tukanga e te wāhanga o ngā hanganga i te me te b. Me kī i reira e rua mutants tohuāhua rite e taea ki te synthesize te whākōkī. Ko reira unknown ranei rerekē ratou ira. Ki te tautuhi i te tohuira kawea transduction, i.e. Petapaki whakarea i runga i ngā pūtau i roto i te taupori taua, aru i te mate ki ngā āhuatanga o te tuarua. Ki te hua i te werohanga ki te reo whiriwhiri e rua transdukantov koroni nui, me te iti, kua mutu te reira e te localization o te irakētanga kei roto i ira rerekē.
3. A, no te plasmids transdutsirovanii me kaituku whatiwhatinga poto o pūira.

ato'a

Kei te maha te tuhinga whakamahia rite te mea pēnei i "transduction tohu". tohu te reira i te tuku tohu. e te tukanga wahi i roto i te tauira etahi. Tuatahi, pāhekoheko te kaihoko ke ki te receptor pūtau. Muri whakahohe effector rāpoi ngota. Kei roto i te membrane me he kawenga mo te hanganga o karere tuarua. Ratou whakatupuranga whai wāhi ki te faaitoitoraa o te pūmua ūnga. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, tīmata i te takawaenga e whai ake nei.