Parahi pākawa: āhuatanga ine, me te kounga

Ko te wā "pākawa" tikanga he matū tote pai-mohiotia waikawa hauota, e Kei roto he wahi NO3 tōraro i ako. I roto i te mineralogy me te ahuwhenua kei te tonu rawa maha whakamahia atu ti'araa pūhau - "pākawa", engari i konei te āta reira whakakapi e te ingoa o te pūtaiao atu tika.

Whakaaro i te āhuatanga matū taketake o pūhau, ko, te tuatahi o katoa, mōhio e kua hanga e ratou na roto i te tauhohe i te waikawa hauota ki te waikura, tai me, ake maha, me konganuku. I ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rūma nui e tino ātete pūhau katoa, engari ka ara ake te pāmahana ki 200-6000 ° C, timata ratou ki te ngohe, āta decomposing ki wāhanga.

E te ara, he aha i runga i te aha huānga hanehane pūhau, e taea te whakawakia i runga i te mea wahi i ratou i roto i te raupapa iahiko o te ahotea whakarewa. I roto i ngā, katoa o nga pūhau, i na roto i te whāwehe hua nitrites me ngā rāpoi ngota hāora, i roto i nga konganuku e he ki te maui o te konupora (hei tauira, lithium, konu, konumohe, konukurahina). Ko te hunga pūhau, e popo ki te hanga i waikura hauota me te konganuku, me te hāora i roto i te raupapa iahiko e whakaritea i roto i te wā i te konupora ki parahi.

whakatoatoa konukura pākawa i roto i te ara motuhake: te hāora i roto i tona whāwehe kore tukua, a kua hanga e bivalent waikura parahi , me te hauota hāora. A, no te tauira, he otinga o te pākawa hiriwa hanehane i te pāmahana o "tika" 1700 ° C, ngā kore anake hāora parakore ki tetravalent hauota waikura, engari ano hoki rāpoi ngota tika hiriwa.

Hoki utu te tuhituhi ko e tino te pākawa katoa ko te piti kaha, a ko reira i roto i te āhua mārō. Otiia i roto i te otinga ngaro ratou o ratou āhuatanga oxidative, rere reira i te waikawa hauota taua.

Kua i roto i nga wa onamata, kua kite te iwi e te tote te waikawa hauota me te, runga ake te katoa, pūhau he maniua pai, e whai te kaha ki te whakahoki fertility oneone. I muri mai, he wahi nui o te pākawa i whakamahia ki te hanga i pahū me taero.

no te tūranga motuhake i roto i te pūhau o parahi pākawa.

pākawa parahi (Cu (NO3) 2) tohu he whīwhiwhi taonga pararopi i roto i o ratou āhuatanga hanganga me te matū e pā ana ki tai parahi, me te waikawa hauota. Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko o te parahi pākawa ko te totoka ki te ripekapeka karaihe, pai wairewa i roto i te wai, me te maha atu rongoā (hei tauira, te waihā, haukini wai, Ethyl tāpia). I te wa ano e rite ana te maha o te tahi atu tai o waikawa hauota, absorbs parahi pākawa makuku ki te hanga i te karaihe motuhake tae puru pouri, i horapa atu i roto i te rangi ki te nui haumākū whanaunga.

āhuatanga matū o te pākawa hono, i runga i te ringa kotahi, e te papatipu titiwha o parahi - tamau me te rite ki te 64 g / mol, me te tahi atu - ki te kaha o te parahi pākawa ki te takanga mai makuku, reira liliu me tona ingoa (pākawa - trihydrate - hexahydrate), me o ratou āhuatanga. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, decomposed hydrate parahi anhydrous te i te pāmahana o te 1700 ° C me te trihydrate - kua i 1200 ° C.

Ko hoki papatipu titiwha o te parahi nui e te tikanga tino o whiwhi pākawa parahi anhydrous ko te kōtuitui o ngā rāpoi ngota parahi, me te ōkai tetravalent o parahi. kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e parahi pākawa ko te taonga pai paitini, kia kia kia tona production me te rokiroki i roto i runga i nga whakaritenga taketake katoa o ture haumaru. I roto i ngā, he mea e tika ana ki te e wehi e kore kua ka tenei taonga ki te kiriuhi mucous ranei kiri o te tangata, kia rite ki i roto i tenei take, i reira he ritenga, e taea meinga tini o nga mate.

E te ara, tata meinga nga pūhau katoa enei atu pāpaka o te kiri ranei. Hei tauira, ko te taua otinga pākawa hiriwa i roto i te whakapā ki te kiri tangata ai te ahua o te wahi mangu, a ki te mau i te reira roa nui, ka taea e hua i te reira i roto i te wera.