Te State Hermitage Museum. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): he kohinga o peita

He aha nga wahi tino pinepine tae mai e te tūruhi, tae i roto i St Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera me te cruiser "Aurora".

He ahurei te Hermitage?

Ko te toi nui rawa o te ao, me te whare taonga ahurea-hītori. Kei te pai te mohiotia ano e ia me te rongonui rite te Louvre, te Museum Ingarangi me te Metropolitan Museum. mau te State Hermitage 3 miriona whakaaturanga, tae atu ki ngā peita anake, i reira e 15 mano. Kei te tata te reira e te mea e hoatu ki ia tūemi i roto i te whare taonga 1 anake miniti, ka ki kite i nga kohikohinga katoa o te hiahia ... Hermitage 8 tau! A kua hoatu reira anake ki ngā whakaaturanga tūturu, engari whakaaturanga poto. whakaraupapa hoki Hermitage te tatini o enei nga marama. Na te roa kauhanga katoa ko te 20 km. Ko te miramira matua o tenei whare taonga e kore i runga i te tauine, me te kore ko te maha o penapena tūemi hītori, me te meka e reira e maha masterpieces taketake o te peita ao me ētahi atu momo toi.

Kei hea te reira?

Wāhi Museum - i runga i te Palace parepare. Ko te State Hermitage - he matatini o rima whare (te Winter Palace, te Hermitage New, Grand Hermitage, te Iti Hermitage me te Hermitage Theatre). Kei te tomokanga matua te i Palace Square, 2.

Hōtaka

He rite ki te farii i manuhiri i Rātū ki Rātapu, tīmata i 10.30 te State Hermitage. Whakamutunga o te mahi - 18.00, engari i runga i te Wenerei - 21.00. Day atu - Mane. Ko tuhipoka: mutu moni hoko tīkiti te haora i mua i te katinga. He pai ki te whakamahere i te hahaereraa i roto i te Hermitage i te haora i mua i tina me runga i te wiki - iti te iwi. Otiia i runga i te wiki i ētahi wā e hiahia ana koe ki te tu i roto i te rārangi mō pā ana ki te haora.

utu tīkiti

He āhua ngāwari tīkiti i te Hermitage. Hoki nga tangata o Russia ka hei te utu 100 moni, penihana, ngā ākonga me te tamariki -. Free. ka whai ki te utu 350 moni e nga tangata ke. Ko nga tuatahi Rāpare o te marama, - free ra mo te katoa.

History o hanga

I roto i te 1764 hokona Catherine te nui 225 peita i te kohinga o te kaihokohoko German Yohanna Gotskovskogo. I hangaia tēnei kohinga mo Kingi Frederick II o Prussia, engari e tika ana ki ngā raruraru pūtea, kihai ia i ahei te hoko i te reira. patua ana kaihokohoko anaanatae kua ki te mahi i te Empress Russian, a whakaae ia te feaa-ore, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaatu atu i roto i te mua o te ariki Tiamana. Mai kihai i whai Gotskovsky matauranga hohonu i roto i te mara o te toi, te kohinga ngā peita kaua kāre (i roto i te rite ki te hunga i haere mai i muri). Enei i te nuinga mahi o nga ringa o nga rangatira Tatimana me Ara, pera me etahi mahi e toi Italian o te rau tau XVII. Ko roto ia ratou, ko te hua o te Khalsa me te taiepa.

whakaaro tenei tau (1764 th), ka ko te tau o turanga o te Hermitage, ahakoa kahore te whare taonga i roto i te tikanga hou o te kupu i te tīariari. I muri i rima nga tau, ko te rironga e whai ake: 600 peita i te kohinga tūmataiti o te Kaute von Bruhl. He nga whakaaturanga tino: "Portrait o te tangata Old i Whero" Rembrandt, "Perseus me Andromeda" e Rubens me ētahi atu.

Tetahi peita 400 hokona e te kaikohi French Pierre Crozat. Ko te kupu i roto i te St Petersburg i "Family Tapu" e Raphael, "Judith" e Giorgione, "Danae" a Titian "Portrait o te pononga wahine Infanta Isabella" Rubens, "Whaiaro-kowaiwai" e Van DYCK.

Ki te hopu o masterpieces o te ao toi i roto i te wahi tuatahi o Catherine ko te tohu tōrangapū ki te whakaatu e te Russian Empire - te whakawhanakehia me te whenua kore-rawakore e taea te papai taua. I roto i 1774, i roto i te kainga o te Empress i 2080 pikitia, engari kihai i faaite ia ratou. Ki tenei wā no te parau rongonui o Catherine e admires reira me reira anake kiore. Ahakoa i whakatuwheratia taiwhanga uru muri, engari i te whakaaetanga motuhake.

I muri riro Hermitage taonga nekehia atu i te nohonga i o te hanahana, me ētahi atu whare kingi. Museum whakakiia ki ngā kohinga tūmataiti o te Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. whakawhiti Ētahi atu pūtahi ratou whakaaturanga ki te Hermitage.

Ko te kohinga o peita

Ngā mihi ki te whakaaturanga o te Hermitage, he reira taea ki te ahu mai i te hītori o te ao toi, me te kite pehea whakawhanakehia te toi o Ingarangi, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Itari, France me ētahi atu whenua. Hei tauira, i roto i te hui māngai 7000 anake peita e toi Pākehā i te Middle me whakamutu ki te rau tau whakamutunga. Haunga te whakaaturanga tūturu, i reira e ano whakaaturanga rangitahi. Hermitage he tiaki tupato o ahurea tuku iho faufaa o te mua, na he tuwhera mō te whai wāhi tūmatanui he torutoru wiki anake o te tau mo ratou tiaki etahi tauira.

Uipaanga o toi Western whakapaipai i roto i te pūtake wā, me te matawhenua, e ko, i roto i tetahi mahi kohia o kaipeita whenua motuhake mo te wā motuhake o te wā. Hei tauira, he taiwhanga o peita Italian tenetere XIII-XVIII taea whakamanamana o taua masterpieces rite "Te Faaiteraa" e Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" me "Madonna Litta" Leonardo da Vinci o "Te Utuafare Tapu" e Raphael.

Tino taonga Tuhinga o te toi pai senituli XVII-XVIII Ara. Ko te whakapehapeha o te kohinga - 32 peita e Rubens ( "te Union o whenua me Water", "Bacchus" me ngā hurihanga nui rahi, me te whakapaipai), 24 mahi o tona tauira Van DYCK ( "whaiaro").

I roto i te taiwhanga o te XV peita Spanish - timatanga o peita XVIII rau rongoa El Greco ( "Te mau Aposetolo a Pita me Paora"), Velazquez ( "parakuihi"), de Goya ( "Portrait o te Actress Antonia Zarate"). Ko taea ki te mau i te whanaketanga o Gothic me hehema kiko, me te karavadzhizma.

Tino taonga kohinga o peita (e pā ana ki 1000) i toi Tatimana, tae atu wawe, me te mutunga o Rembrandt.

Ka rite ki whānui rite i roto i te hoho'a peni Hermitage, Ingarihi whakaratohia anake i roto i te UK iho. He nui te moni i roto i te mahi o te whakaahua marae. Ko tētahi o nga peita ao-rongonui ko "Portrait o te Lady i Blue" e Thomas Gainsborough.

I roto i te whare whakaaturanga o te peita senituli XV-XVIII French, nohoia te wahi tino nui e te classicist paraihe Nikola Pussena. whakaaro rau XX te tetahi o te pai i roto i te ao - he kohinga o mahi i te hawhe tuarua o te XIX. Na i reira Ko te rongonui Impressionism Monet ( "Lady i te Garden", "Waterloo Bridge") ko Renoir ( "Girl ki te Fan"), ko Degas ( "Concorde"). Ko te whakapehapeha o te kohinga - 38 taketake me 31 Matisse - Picasso.

miramira te rangatira o nga kura Berlin me Munich i te whare o te toi Tiamana. ngā ano e te aro o peita whawhai i oti rawa ki te Pakanga Patriotic o 1812 me te mahi o Frederick i te kāhua Romantic.

Aita i maoro a'e, hokona te State Hermitage "Black Square" e Malevich. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga mahi tino rongonui o te toi Russian o te rau tau mua.

He aha te mea te mutunga? Ka taea e koe te korero ki te wa roa, me te e pā ana ki te urupa hoahoanga, whakairo, me e pā ana ki te Hermitage. Ko ki te pānui i pā ana ki te masterpieces o peita he nui iti ngahau i te oaoa i te roa ataahua. Na reira ko te reira e tika ana te feaa-ore ki te haere me te hoko tīkiti ki te Hermitage mo te whānau katoa. ka waiho te reira kōrero.