Au Literary. ngā Literary me ngā

au Literary - ko tenei te mea e maha tāutuhia ki te kura te rōpū tuhituhi ranei. He he rōpū o takitahi auaha, e āhuatanga ratou i te pūmanawa, me te kotahitanga rerehua, me te ara pakuwha wä, me te toi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko reira he ahua tino (rite Huingaiti) kaupapa tuhituhi. Ki te tohutoro, hei tauira, ki te romanticism Russian, e pā ana te reira ki te "hinengaro", "Philosophy" me "ture" ngā. Kua tāutuhia e te Russian kau mataotao kaupapa tuhituhi, "oraraa totiare" me "hinengaro" aronga.

Classicism

Tenei aronga me te kāhua toi i roto i te toi me te tuhinga i roto i Europe wawe rautau 19. mai te ingoa i te kupu Latin «classicus» - tino.

ngā Literary o te rau tau 19 i to ratou ake āhuatanga:

1. Pīra ki te puka me te whakapakoko o te toi tawhito, me te tuhinga rite te paerewa rerehua, i runga i tenei kaupapa, hoatu mua te parau tumu o "peehia o te natura", tera tautukunga ki ture tino e kua unu i rerehua onamata.

2. rerehua pūtake o parau tumu rationality (i Latin «ōwehenga» tikanga maramarama) Koia whakaaro i runga i nga mahi toi hei hanga tāwhaiwhai - te hanga whanga, auhia whakaritea arorau hangaia.

3. Classicism i roto i ngā whakaahua kahore huru takitahi, rite e hangaia ratou matua ki te hopu kano, eu, tohu te mutunga tonu e mahi rite te ahua o ope maha i te pae varua, me te pāpori.

4. Ko te mahi pāpori, me te mātauranga o te toi. Kawea tuakiri hawarite.

sentimentalism

Sentimentalism (i roto i te translation i Ingarihi tikanga hoê mana'ona'oraa "tairongo") - mo te tuhinga me te toi o te rau tau 18 i roto i Europe. rite e fakamaama rationalism te whakamahi i te raruraru i roto i te e fakamaama ko te wā whakamutunga. Fele romanticism wātaka mua, i taea e hoatu e ahau ki a ia etahi o ratou āhuatanga.

kaupapa Literary, he ona ake āhuatanga te whiti o tenei wā:

tonu pono ki nga mana'o o te tuakiri normative 1. sentimentalism.

2. A, no te whakaritea ki te Classicism me ona matua pathos mātauranga "natula tangata" whakaaturia i roto i te hinengaro me te mana'o.

E kore te 3. Ko te huru o te hanganga o te tangata tino whakaaro he "faaapîraa ao mātau", me te whakapai ake, me te tuku o "mana'o tūturu".

4. toa Literary sentimentalism nui takitahi: takenga (whakapono ranei) e ratou manapori, ao wairua taonga o te iwi noa ko tetahi o nga toa o te sentimentalism.

e kore e 5. sentimentalism mohio e pā ana ki "noatia" te: huru whakahē, e mohio a he wawahi aronganui rere totoa rite tikanga rationalistic wātea.

romanticism

Ko te au tuhituhi tino nui i roto i te tuhinga o Europe me Amerika o te mutunga o te 18 tenei - wawe rautau 19. I roto i tenei wā o te whakaaro whaiāipo rerekē, tipua, ke, kitea nei katoa te anake i roto i ngā pukapuka.

I āhuatanga tuhinga whaiāipo o te rau tau 19 i roto i Russia e:

1. Antiprosvetitelskoy aronga e proyavivlyalas tonu i roto i mua-Romanticism me sentimentalism, a i roto i Romanticism tiketike. Ka taea te huaina preconditions Social me wä he oto i roto i te hua o te revolution me nga hua o te hapori i roto i te whānui, whakahe ki te mahi, banality me te ora bourgeois prosaic. e kore he kaupapa ki "take", te horihori, te tini o nga mea ngaro, me te ohorere, me te tikanga angamaheni kino ki te tangata takitahi, me tona haere noa tūturu ao te parau mau o te aamu.

2. Ko te aronga fakatu'atamaki whānui ko te whakaaro o "Weltschmerz", "aau taia rangi" (hei tauira, J. toa paki. Byron A. Vigny, me ētahi atu). ao e wehingia Kaupapa 'e takoto i roto i te kino "Kei te tino mahino kitea i roto i te" whakaari o whakarau ati o whakarau "(ETA Hoffmann, Poe)" ranei ".

3. Faaroo i roto i te wairua māfimafi o te tangata, i roto i tona karanga mo te whakahou. whakatuwheratia Litkratory te matatini unknown, hōhonu o te tuakiri. Iwi hoki ratou - he microcosm, he ao iti. No reira haere timata tuakiri absolutisation, te rapunga whakaaro o te individualism. Kua kua tonu Center o mahi whaiāipo, he kaha, iwi rawa, rite te ātete ki te iwi whānui, ona tikanga morare, me te matatika me te ture.

naturalism

Latin mō te āhua - nga ngā tuhituhi o te hiriwa Age, e te mutunga whakawhanakehia ki te US ko Europe.

āhuatanga:

1. Ko te hiahia mo te whāinga, image tika, me te expressionless o te huru tangata me mooni e tika ana ki te taiao whaiaroaro, me te āhua, ki te kia mohio ki roto i nuinga o te wā, ka rite ki te taiao pūtea, me te kāinga tika. e kore tenei aukati i te āhuatanga pāpori me te hītori. Ko te mahi matua o Naturalists - te ako o te hapori ki te taua tini ki nei Naturalists ako te natura, koe kia mohio pūtaiao rite.

i whakaaro 2. mahi katoa o te toi rite "tuhinga tangata", te paearu rerehua matua whakaaro oti, me te whakaotinga i reira o mahi-hinengaro.

whakarerea 3. Literary moralizing, mana'o e te whakapakoko tino rawa ngangahau i roto ano. whakaaro ratou e te tuhinga me te te pūtaiao, e kore e tika ki te whiriwhiri o te rauemi, ki te hoki kahore tau o te kaituhi kaupapa kāore ranei. No te mea o tenei tau'a tūmatanui, me te plotless maha puta i roto i nga mahi o te wa.

talena

i huaina talena ko toi me te tuhinga i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. E te reira ona takenga mai i roto i te Renaissance ( "Renaissance talena"), kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te ( "talena Māmá") Māmá. Talena tohua te wā tuatahi i roto i te pakiwaitara wharekarakia, me te tawhito, ngā pakiwaitara tawhito.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te rere:

1. Artists whakaatu te ao waho i roto i te tikanga ōrite ki te mauri o te ari o te ao.

2. tohua te tuhinga talena te tikanga o te matauranga o te takitahi me te hapori e karapoti ana.

3. Knowledge Ko tenei ra ki te awhina o whakapakoko, kua hanga nei e tika ana ki te pato i te meka o mooni ( "i roto i te huru angamaheni o pūāhua angamaheni").

kaimahi 4. toi Kiko toi ora-whakakoia, ara i roto i taumira papā fakamamahi. Ko te turanga taumauri tenei - Gnosticism, pono i roto i te knowability me hāngaitanga o whakaata o te ao e karapoti ana, he rerekē i romanticism nei.

tau hiriwa

ngā Literary o te hiriwa Age He taua āhuatanga:

• whakaaro o te oraraa o ao e rua (extramundane tūturu me);
• ngā tohu tautuhi i roto i te mooni;
• he titiro motuhake i te pūmanawa tūturu rite te takawaenga i roto i te ahua o te ao, me tona haro'aro'araa;
• razrabatyvanie zvukopisi he rotarota tangohanga motuhake;
• māramatanga o te ao i runga i te wahi o te mystification;
• kanorau o te ihirangi (tohu, whakarite aua);
• Hunt puka fakalotu ( "mana'o fakalotu free");
• ottritsaetsya talena.

Literature o te rau tau 19 i roto i Russia

e pā ana te take o nekehanga toi i roto i Russia te ki huru pāpori, me te wä o te ora o te iwi Russian - te ara motu i muri i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ko te timatanga o kahore hanga anake, engari ano hoki te āhua motuhake o te ahunga o te kaitito Decembrist (hei tauira, taunaki V. K. Kyuhelbeker, KF Ryleev AI Odoyevski), ko tona mahi, ko whakaoho whakaaro o mahi ā, î ki te wairua o te pakanga me te volnolyubiya .

He āhuatanga āhuatanga o Romanticism i Russian

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui ko te tere ake o te whanaketanga o te tuhinga i roto i Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, meinga nei e "popo", me te whakakotahi wāhanga rerekē i mata'ita'i iho ngā wāhanga i roto i ētahi atu whenua. whenumi romanticism Russian ngā predromanticheskie me nga ngā o te Māmá me Classicism: feaa e pā ana te tūranga o te maramarama i roto i te ao, te fifi o te natura, te tūtohutanga, elegiac huinga melanholizm ki te ritenga matarohia o momo me ngā momo, didacticism ngawari, me te te whawhai ki kupu whakarite i te taikaha mo te "tika hawarite" .

Akhmatova hoki

Literary Akhmatova hoki waho embellishing reo, ka kawe mai e rua ki te arorau tangi whakaaro tino ohie (mai e whangai ana Acmeism ano ki te pehea e o te popoketanga i taea ana i roto i te tuhinga o aua tau).

wahine pūrotu lyrical Akhmatova atu riirii titiro ki te ora tūturu. whakaaro ratou i roto i ngā kāwai rerekē. Ratou - he wahine whakama i roto i te aroha, e ite e kua whakatuwheratia e ratou he mea ngaro o te aroha rite kore e taua te tīariari. Ko atu tata, noho te wahine pūrotu ki mōhiti māwhero i runga i nga kanohi, katoa i roto i te kuware i fariihia e. Kei te tatari ano hoki ratou mo te wāhui, wehi wehenga i te hunga aroha, waiata ia "waiata aroha". Otiia ko reira i runga i te kau i roto i. matauranga Own e kore e pai a ratou. I roto i te mau irava paheke aho "ake mai te mea e mate ana mea katoa." He tino mārama Ahakoa karere whakamunatia mātanga. Katoa wahine nei fehangahangai kua ki te mate o te aroha, ka ite tenei ara.

Mayakovsky

Poetry tukanga Russian, me te he au tuhituhi Mayakovsky mō te rua tekau tau (tae noa ki 1920) i te āhuatanga e te momonatanga ngā me te kanorau: enei tau ko te timatanga o te take mai me te hanganga o nga rōpū tuhituhi tino hou, me ngā, me o ratou hītori o te whanaketanga hono puāwaitanga o auaha toi rongonui kupu. Just i te wa mo te tahuri o ngā folahi mahi kaituhi Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Yesenin

mohio Yesenin te tuhinga i roto i nga wa uaua hoki ia. Te pakanga imperialist, i roto i nei i whai wāhi Russia, tāutuhia te afa atu koi. Te afa i roto i te rarangi o te toi whakaritea i intelligentsia Russian i runga i te rau tau e rua kua pahure, ki te faahohonuraa e o te revolution o 1907. Literary mō te Esenina decadentist tohu he aronga taketake, ki te wahi i ki te tuhinga tuku iho i taua wa raraunga ahu whakamua, ngā ona mahi i raro i pryzvami "whawhai ki te mutunga kawa." Hoki, me te tautoko o te whawhai i roto i Russia ko te SRS Matau me Mensheviks, nei i te mana nui o te porowhita intelligentsia Russian. tautoko ia i te whawhai, me te rohi pehe nui. Na, kua tae mai nga ngā tuhituhi o te hiriwa Age me ona turanga ki noa iho. Pūkenga me te pāpori manapori rawa Russian kihai i taea e whakapakeke te tūranga o te tuhinga, me te toi, ki te topa i roto i ranei neke i te huringa.

Acmeism Russian

au Literary kua piki Acmeism moni i roto i feohi ahurea, kua tomo te reira ki te pukapuka ki te taima tuhituhi o mua. "Ko nga mamae o te ahurea ubyvshey ao" - na O.E.Mandelshtam tāutuhia muri Acmeism. Tō'onga mo e tumu "o pūrākau tāwāhi" me te whakarerenga iho o "irava rino" a Lermontov i Gumilev; image o Russian tawhito Literature Dante me pūrākau hinengaro i roto i te Anna Akhmatova; whakaaro Zenkevich o te rapunga whakaaro tūturu; ao tawhito Mandelstam; te ao ita o NV Gogol i Narbut GSSkovoroda - a kahore he te rārangi katoa o ngā papa ahurea e kua pāngia acmeists tenei. Ia o Acmeists kupu i te tuakiri auaha. A, no te N.S.Gumilev i roto i tona rotarota whakakitea "tuakiri kaha" me mahi M.A.Kuzmina hohe aestheticism acmeism āhuatanga, te auahatanga Anna Akhmatova me Yesenina whakawhanakehia he riirii kino ake te rohe acmeism kua kuiti, i roto i te i ka kaha te tīmatanga kiko me mana'o turai tāmau whenua. Whakatuwhera Acmeists i roto i te puka toi e whakamahia tonu e te tahi mau kaitito hou.

ngā Literary o te rau tau 20

Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te takotoranga ki te aronui, ngā pūrākau tawhito a, me te rā; tauira o te wā huringa; Bricolage pūrākau - mahi hangaia rite toirau reminiscence me torokī o nga tito mohiotia.

Literary I roto i taua wa, kua 10 wāhanga:

1. Neomifologizm.

2. Autistizm.

3. Ko te tokonga / mooni.

4. kāhua matua i runga i pakiwaitara.

5. Ko te kuputuhi i roto i te kuputuhi.

6. te whakangaromanga o te wahi.

7. Pragmatics, e kore semantics.

8. Ko te wetereo, kaua ki te kupu.

9. Observer.

10. Tūkinotanga o nga parau tumu o te arotau kuputuhi.