Te marama māfana i Antarctica. Te pāmahana i roto i te marama Antarctic

Scientists, kaihōpara me forecasters hauti i huaina Antarctica "kīhini rangi" mo te ao katoa. e mohio ana tohunga rite ina e nui ake iti iho ranei pai mō te haere i roto i te takiwā o te tonga Geographic Pou tikanga. maha e raruraru ana iwi mau: "He aha te mea te Southern Arctic Circle ko māfana te marama? I roto i Antarctica reira e kore te pāmahana? ". Hei matau mea kei te haere i runga i "kīhini rangi" E kore te mea ohie, i konei he rerekē, e kore rite i roto i te tahi atu fenua katoa.

riro atu wātea fenua White

Whakatika ki te 20-doma o te rau tau XIX o te oraraa o te whenua e tata ana te tonga Pou, kua tohe me haere pūtaiao. Tokomaha i whakapono te kaihōpara rongonui Hoani. Cook, ka mea wāhi ūnga tonga o 71 ° S. w. ope Russian ki Antarctica i te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" kaipuke me "te rangimarie" January 20, 1820 whakatuwheratia te whenua unknown, i te noa'tu o te maha mau fifi tōnoa. I muri i 120 nga tau, timata te haerenga tuatahi i roto i nga wai Antarctic, ka tangohia e te reira i tetahi atu 50 tau mo te whanaketanga o ūnga tūruhi hou.

E tonoa tau rau o kiri māia ki te fenua ma. E whakahaere waitaua me haere i roto i te wā tino pai o te tau i roto i te Tuakoi Tonga. "Na he aha te mea te marama māfana i Antarctica?" - maere ahuareka i roto i te iwi noa. O te akoranga, whakaako katoa i roto i te āhuarangi kura o te fenua tonga, te wahi i to tatou hotoke - tenei raumati. Mea atu rite aha marama ko pai mo te haerenga ki te Tonga Pou, he tokomaha kitea uaua reira.

Antarctica me te Arctic - rua te pato'iraa

Poto i runga i kupu matawhenua. Tona ingoa e hiahiatia ana te ki te whenua i roto i te tonga o te Arctic. Ko te kupu hoki te ahopae neke raki o te whenua tenei, o te take mai Kariki, i homai e te tūranga o te whetū Ursa Major. Weather i runga i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou mo te wa roa i noho i te mea ngaro, no te mea te rau tau ara kairangahau XVIII-XIX ki te wāhi atawhai ki taunga 90 °. w. i āraia e te wai matao o te moana, te hukapapa me te hukarere.

Ko te rohe ki te tonga, i te ritenga atu te rohe neke raki, ka karanga te "Ant (s) Arctic", te fenua - Antarctica. Ko tata te pokapū o te fenua te Pou Tonga. taunga matawhenua o tenei ira - 90 ° S. w.

Te tonga me te fenua makariri

Ko te āhuarangi pakeke ki te tonga o te ahopae 70 ° S. w. Nō ahau "tino ihumanea" me "Antarctic". I roto i te tau, pai mahana ake noa o ngā wāhi hukarere me te mata tio i runga i te rohe, i roto i te Tuhinga. I roto i te hotoke, i runga i te tātahi me te i roto i te wahi raki o te pāmahana Antarctic Peninsula rite ki rohe Arctic o te tuakoi raki (-10 ki te -40 ° C). Summer i Antarctica, ka taea e kitea e koe i te rota o te whenua i roto i nga motu o te puku haupapa, te wahi e whakatika te ine pāmahana i runga 0 ° C.

Ko te āhuarangi o Antarctica:

• Winter pumau i Pipiri ki August ko te wā makariri.
• Toharite pāmahana awhe Hōngongoi i waenganui i -65 °, me te -75 ° C.
• tīmata Summer i roto i Hakihea me pumau tae noa-tanguru.
• Te pāmahana i roto i te ngau continental i -50 ki te -30 ° C.
• Te marama māfana i Antarctica - January.
• pumau ra pākoki i Mahuru ki Maehe. Ko runga ake te pae, kaha mata whakawera te ra.
• Tata e ono marama whakamutunga po, turama nga uira kanapa o te aurora.

ngā wāhi tuawhenua Climate

Antarctica - te tuawhenua, te wahi i timata te kitenga METEOROLOGICAL auau i muri atu i roto i te mau fenua e nohoia. tokanga makehe ki forecasters huarere i roto i te 50-60 tau mua whakamahi i te raraunga whiwhi i te teihana i roto i te wahi raurarahi me takutai o te fenua ma. Ko te rohe makariri - tonga, te wahi i te pāmahana toharite ko e pā ana ki -60 ° C. Mōrahi pāmahana i roto i te rohe "Te Tai Rāwhiti" teihana ko -13.6 ° C (16 Hakihea 1957). Pine te pāmahana i April ki Mahuru - i raro -70 ° C.

Ko te rangi i te Pou Tonga he iti ngawari, tenei wahi o te fenua piri ki te rohe. mōhiohio Weather i te ruruku 90 ° S. w. kohikohi kaimahi o te teihana American "Amundsen - Scott," i te ingoa i roto i te kororia "o nga rohe neke o Napoleon" Norwegian Roald Amundsen me tetahi atu I TE te Tonga Pou - Ingarihi Robert Scott. Whakaturia i roto i 1956, te teihana i te Tonga Pou me āta "tere" ki te rohe. Antarctica kua te āhua o te kikorangi, āta kiriata iho te kōpaka i te pokapū ki te taha, i reira ana mongamonga raro i tona ake break taimaha, taka ki roto ki te moana. I roto i te hotoke i roto i te teihana rohe - whakaatu "Amundsen Scott" ine pāmahana -60 ° C, i roto i Hānuere kore e taka i raro -30 ° C.

Ko te rangi i runga i te rohe o Antarctica

I roto i te raumati i runga i nga takutai o te moana, me moana e karapoti ana i te fenua tonga, nui mahana atu i roto i ngā rohe continental. Neke atu i te te painaina i te Antarctic Peninsula te rangi i roto i te Hakihea-Huitanguru ki +10 ° C. +1,5 te pāmahana January toharite te ° C. I roto i te hotoke, Hōngongoi tikanga tuku iho marama pāmahana te ki -8 ° i runga i te rohe o te Antarctic Peninsula ki -35 ° C - i roto i te rohe e karapoti ana Ross Glacier. Ko tētahi o kōhikohiko makariri tuawhenua - tere matao kararehe hau tae uta 12-90 m / hekona (haumātakataka). Ua pāmahana rite tiketike i roto i te Tiri o - te āhuatanga onge. whiwhi te nuinga makuku i runga i te fenua i roto i te puka o te hukarere.

Antarctica - "maha-neke" fenua

"Pou o inaccessibility" - ko te ingoa whakaaro mo tona teihana neke Russian. ope Soviet ki te Tiri ki te whakahaere rangahau pūtaiao i roto i te whakarara 82 th i roto i te uaua tino ki te neke i te rohe maunga o te fenua.

I te tuawhenua, i reira te mea he "Pou o mātao" - ko te wāhi o te rangahau o te Kōpakatanga teihana "Vostok", whakapumautia i roto i nga wa Soviet. He i rēhita ki te awhina o te whakatangitangi e hāngai ana whenua-ko te i raro i roto i te hītori o ngā kitenga METEOROLOGICAL o pāmahana rangi: -89,2 ° C (1983).

Kairangahau i te US, patu ki raraunga amiorangi, tamata ki wero te "record" teihana Russian. i roto i te Hakihea 2013 korerotia Amelika e te wahi makariri i runga i te whenua kei roto i te rohe o "Dome Fuji" teihana no ki Japan. Te pāmahana mōkito tino ki Antarctica i -91,2 ° C, kua kitea nei i roto i te taha o te pee'utari.

Antarctica - he tauira o te ao "multipolar" kahore rohe me te iwi ringa. whakaurua tikanga ture International te i roto i te tau 1961. Ko te tuawhenua me te wahi tata o te moana e kore e no ki te rōpū o Amerika ki te tiriti, me te whenua kaimātakitaki, anake e taea e ratou te kawe i roto i rangahau pūtaiao.

Aha ki te mahi i roto i māfana te marama i roto i Antarctica me i te Arctic

Kua tonu kua Rangahau Te Tai Tokerau me amo Tonga, te fenua ma i roto i te tonga me te tio i roto i te Arctic te rota o maia me te manawanui. I teie mahana, i roto i te ao i reira e maha te iwi te hunga i tae mai Antarctica neke atu i te 100 ngā wā. Ētahi rangahau haerea, ētahi whakarato te urutanga, haumaru, whakarato āwhina hauora.

Kei te nui noa atu te o te hunga e haere ki tua atu i te Antarctic Circle i rapu o ngā wheako fantastic hoko reira. Tours ki Antarctica i mawhiti tuatahi te mea ki te waiho i te aua wāhi parakore. I roto i te meka, rerenga katoa, rite ruku me ngā haerenga e i te taumata teitei. whakamahia pūtaiao Consultants kaitaunaki-neke icebreakers, oko rangahau.

Tihi "wa" i roto i te rohe neke

Ko te utu nui o te rerenga ipu moana ranei ki nga amo Te Tai Tokerau ko Tonga, ko te utu nui o te whakahaere haerenga e kore e mutu te kiri māia hou. No te haamahora i te kaiwhakahaere rongonui mea o te kiriata "Operation" Y "me ētahi atu mahi mātātoa Shurik." Na pinepine o kaipuke e mau ana ngā tūruhi "haere i roto i" te Arctic me Antarctic. Ko tata ka e kia nui atu ratou i te ra. "Season High" i te Tonga Pou haamata i roto i te Hakihea, me pumau tae noa Hānuere. I tenei wa kei te te roro pai marama e te ra, mai te teitei o te raumati.

Ko mahana atu i roto i te tonga i te rangi i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. Tei hoki te āhuarangi i runga i te koki honga iti o te ra i runga te pae, he hukarere tino huritao me kaha tio. Te pāmahana i roto i te hotoke i waenganui Hakihea me tanguru me i te raumati i Pipiri ki August he nui ki runga ake i roto i te Antarctic. Te pāmahana toharite i roto i te hotoke i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou ko -30 ° C. E mea pinepine puta koero (-26 ° C), tautauā (-43 ° C). Te pāmahana te raumati toharite - e pā ana ki 0 ° C.

He reira tetahi "wahi ma" i roto i te Antarctica

Kua oti Age o Discovery 20 tau o te rau tau whakamutunga, S. V. Obruchev - te tama a te tohunga pūtaiao, haere me te kaituhi V. A. Obrucheva ( "Geology o Siberia", "Sannikov Whenua"). whakawakia Sergey Obruchev whakamutunga "wahi ma" i roto i Eastern Siberia me Chukotka. E taua wa i tonu i matau ruarua te wahi nui o Antarctica.

Āta, kitea kairangahau tio matotoru me ngā āhuatanga o te awhina subglacial, kohia ngā mōhiohio rangi taipitopito. huinga kati o "wahi ma" i runga i te ono o te fenua, ko te fenua neke tonga pupuri tonu te rota o mea ngaro me mea ngaro. Hoki haere kaingākau māfana marama i roto i te Tiri o - te wheako hou, kia he tupono kite kararehe onge, me te hanga whakaahua ahurei.

ahakoa ope kino ki te Southern Arctic Circle

Ngā pūrongo o tetahi āhuatanga i möhio ki ngā tūruhi i Antarctica tupu, engari varavara. Hei tauira, atu i te rohe o te Antarctic Peninsula i titi i roto i te huka o te oko Russian "Kapitan Khlebnikov" i roto i te Whiringa 2009. I roto i ona pāhihi i tūruhi me te waka i te UK. Ko te take mō te tu tikanga maitai rangi, engari, no te te tai, i taea ki te mawhiti i te "whakarau White" te kaipuke. Icebreaker Russian ki tūruhi Ingarihi me ngā kaipāho mahia i runga i te poari i te ipu i roto i te rohe o te Moana Weddell (Te Hau-ā-uru Antarctica).

Mahere o te fenua me te Antarctic Peninsula, homai he whakaaro o te wāhi o te moana, engari kia mau anake kaiurungi mātanga marae i waenganui i to'eto'e. I roto i te Hakihea 2013 mutu te huka e tere i te oko Russian "Akademik Shokalsky". i whakatahia pāhihi runga te Icebreaker Ahitereiria i te timatanga o Hānuere 2014.

Tour ki Antarctica - wahi tiketike o te Adrenaline whakaratohia

E ai ki kairangahau i roto i Antarctica, he tika ana mo te whakahaere o Cruises, haere, sledding kuri, me te tahi atu mahi o waho i te fenua. He neke atu i te 90 tau History o Cruises moana i roto i te Antarctic. I roto i te 1920, ka anga nga tangata anaanatae o te kaipuke ki te tango i runga i te poari i te tūruhi tuatahi e hiahia ana ki te whakaae i te fenua ma. Ko te utu o Cruises hou, me te tahi atu ngā haerenga ki te takutai o Antarctica me te Tonga Pou i 5,000 ki te 40,000 tara. tei utu Tour i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha, e kore iti rawa te tūnga takaro e te matatini o te ara, he hoia tour.