Te ahunga whakamua koiora

Koiora te ahunga whakamua - ko reira anake te aronga o te kukuwhatanga, kua arahina nei ki te ahua o te tangata. arata'i tēnei ia ki te whakawhitinga i roto i te tukanga o te kukuwhatanga i runga i te taumata pāpori.

Ka rite ki matau koutou, te paetae o te ahunga whakamua koiora, te whanaketanga o mua (phylogeny) mo ia taxon ngā (rōpū), tei runga i te rohe urutau i roto i nei, i roto i te meka, whanake tenei taxon. He rite nui whakatikatika taea i roto i te hanganga whakahaere o te rōpū.

E pa ana te raruraru matua ki te kia faatiti'aifarohia e te ahunga whakamua koiora, e te aufauraa i kaipūtaiao whakarongo ki te tūranga o ia take ngā i roto i te whakarite mēnā i te au ngā i roto i te whanaketanga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko reira te ako o tenei pātai taea tatou ki te kite pehea e taea te whakanui ake tinana, me te kunenga mai o te katoa.

Ko te tuatahi nei ka anga ki te ako i tenei rohe, ka zh. B. Lamark. Scientist ngā ahunga whakamua koiora i roto i nga momo e rua. Ko te tuatahi ka mau ia hurihurihanga - te whakanui ake i te taumata whakahaere. Ko te tuarua o ratou, rite tonu ki kaipūtaiao, ko te hanganga o te momo kanorau i roto i te whakahaere o ia taumata ngā. Scientists whakapono e he motuhake o ia atu enei tukanga e rua. Ko te kupu, meinga hurihurihanga hiahia ā-hei whakapai ake, te kanorau whakaputaina e te taiao. kia mea te reira e, ahakoa te meka e faka'uhinga'i hala zh. B. Lamark tikanga o nga tohutohu e rua, to ratou oraraa rawa ko te meka whāinga.

whakaaro Darwin te ahunga whakamua koiora i roto i tetahi atu. aifaito e ia nga ariā o te kukuwhatanga , me te urutaunga. Ka rite ki te putanga, kia rite ki a Darwin, te whakanui ake i te taumata whakahaere i tetahi wahi anake te hua o te tukanga katoa. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ki te whīwhiwhi o te whakahaere i roto i te tukanga o te kukuwhatanga ngā hua o te urutaunga. I roto i ngā āhuatanga hahiraa (hahiraa) ko te reo aahuatanga pōauautanga tamau. fokotu'u Darwin te urutaunga ki te reo matatini ake atu e taea te tutuki e anake te hanganga matatini ake o te tinana. I muri, te ahunga whakamua koiora kua ako kua i roto i te ara e rua. I whakahaeretia te rangahau i roto i te Russian Severtsov me ki waho J. Huxley ko B. Rensch.

Ka rite ki zh. B. Lamark, B. Rensch whakapono e te whanaketanga o te kukuwhatanga kore kia poutū anake, engari ano hoki whakapae. i huaina mātauranga kanorau i te taumata kotahi o te whakahaere i Renshaw kladogenezom, he putanga i runga i te taumata hou - anagenesis. I roto i te tahuri, ka hoki a Hoani. Huxley ki te whakamāramatanga o "Grad" (taumata), whakaarohia e Lamarck. Heoi, ko te kaipūtaiao whakaritea me te aronga tuatoru e puta te ahunga whakamua koiora, karanga reira stasigenezom. Ko te aronga whakaaro e ia i te āhuatanga o te stabilization, tiaki tamau, peka tonu tenei. Tātari tohutohu katoa, ka haere mai J .. Huxley ki te pātai o te nui i roto i te whānui e taea te meinga te whanaketanga kunenga me e taea waiho he paearu mo tona progressiveness. Ko te hua ko te lēsoni J. Huxley nei ahu whakamua - tubercle bacilli, whakapataritari he mate tangata, te tangata ia ranei.?

Kei te ngana Scientists ki te whakaoti take puta i roto i tona ariā o te whanaketanga mutunga, me te iti. I roto i runga ki tenei ariā o te kukuwhatanga, o te akoranga - he ahunga whakamua koiora. Heoi, i tenei whanaketanga ko te rōpū, a reira, iti. Haere i tetahi atamira ki tetahi, kei te ahu whakamua i ia taxon (rōpū), engari i te wa ano, tae mai ki te ngaro, e ko te ki stasigenezu. I roto i tenei take, he mutunga kotahi anake aronga o te whanaketanga, i arahina ki te ahua o te tangata. Ko tenei tika, matua, ki te whai wāhi ki te taumata hou katoa o te kukuwhatanga - pāpori.