Tāutunga me motuhēhēnga: ariā taketake

Tāutunga me motuhēhēnga ko te pūtake o te haumaru pūmanawa me te pūmārō hou, pera e te nuinga tetahi atu ratonga tikanga mo te ratonga o enei kaupapa. Ēnei ariā tohu te ahua o te rārangi tuatahi o te ārai, te whakarite haumaru o te wāhi ngā mōhiohio whakahaere.

He aha te mea te reira?

Tāutunga me motuhēhēnga whai mahi rerekē. whakarato ana te tuatahi te kaupapa (kaiwhakamahi tukanga ranei e mahi i runga i mo o) te whai wāhi ki te korero ki a ratou ake ingoa. Na roto i te motuhēhēnga ko ko tino whakaaro e te kaupapa tino ko te kotahi hoki nei kerēme ia ki kia rua o te taha. E mea pinepine, rite te tāutu ōrite me te motuhēhēnga e whakakapi e te parau "te ingoa Post" me "motuhēhēnga".

E wehea ratou ratou ki te maha ngā momo. Next, whakaaro tatou e te tāututanga me te motuhēhēnga e me aha e ratou.

motuhēhēnga

Tenei ariā whakarato hoki e rua ngā momo: kotahi-ara, te kiritaki me te tuatahi whakamatau ki te tūmau ki te whakamotuhēhē, me më, e ko, ka whakahaere te haamauraa tahi te. tauira Angamaheni o pehea ki te whakahaere i te tāutu paerewa, me te motuhēhēnga o ngā kaiwhakamahi - ko ki te takiuru ki te pūnaha motuhake. Ko te kupu, e taea te whakamahi momo rerekē i roto i ngā taonga.

I roto i te taiao raumata, te wahi i hanga i runga i fakasiokālafi rōpū whati te tāututanga me te motuhēhēnga o ngā kaiwhakamahi, titiro te mahi e whakanuia e rua ngā āhuatanga matua:

• e mahi rite he i konei;
• pehea i whakaritea ai e te utu o te motuhēhēnga raraunga me te tautuhi me te pehea, ki te te tiaki i te reira.

Hei whakaū i tona tūturutanga, me te aroaro o te kaupapa ki tetahi o nga hinonga e whai ake nei:

• etahi mōhiohio e matau ia (tau whaiaro, he kupuhipa, he kī cryptographic motuhake, aha ...);
• etahi mea nona ia (kāri whaiaro ranei etahi atu pūrere he whakaaro rite);
• etahi mea, i te mea he āhuatanga o reira (tapumati, reo ranei atu tāututanga biometric me motuhēhēnga o ngā kaiwhakamahi).

āhuatanga pūnaha

I roto i te taiao whatunga tuwhera, e kore e nga rōpū i te ara whakawhirinaki, a ka kua mea ai e i roto i te whānui, kia te mutunga kia rerekē i te mōhiohio riro, ka whakamahia mō te motuhēhēnga i te mōhiohio tuku e te tumu parau. haumaru hiahiatia o kaha, me te hāngū sniffer whatunga, e ko, tiaki ki faatanoraa, mōhio anō o raraunga rerekē ranei. e kore he kōwhiringa whakawhiti Kupuhipa i roto i te mārama pai, a kore e taea noa te whakaora i te ra, me kupuhipa whakamunatia, no te mea kahore ratou e whakaratohia, tiaki anō. Ko te aha e whakamahia tenei ra te kawa motuhēhēnga matatini ake.

he uaua tāututanga pono e kore anake te mea o te momo o tuma whatunga, engari ano mo te momo o te tahi atu mau tumu. kia kia kahakina te tuatahi tata tetahi hinonga motuhēhēnga, teka Scouting ranei ranei. Ko te mānukanuka i waenganui i te tika o te pūnaha e whakamahia hoki reira, i runga i te ringa kotahi, me te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha kaiwhakamahi ranei whakaurunga - i runga i te tahi atu. Ko te kupu, no te take o te haumaru e hiahiatia ana ki etahi auautanga ui te kaiwhakamahi ki te anō-whakataki o tona mōhiohio motuhēhēnga (rite hei utu kia whai ia ki te noho i te tahi atu mau taata), a reira hanga raruraru atu e kore anake, engari ano hoki tino whakanuia ana te tupono o Ka taea e taua tangata titorotoro tāuru mōhiohio. I tua atu, i te tika o te tiaki te tikanga nui pānga i runga i tona uara.

tautoko Modern pūnaha tautuhi me te motuhēhēnga te ariā o te tohu-i runga i kotahi ki te whatunga, e matua whakatutuki ki te whakaritenga i roto i ngā o te kaiwhakamahi-fakakaume'a. Ki te te paerewa whatunga rangatōpū kua he rota o ratonga mōhiohio, whakarato hoki te taea o te tohanga motuhake, na te whakahaere maha o raraunga whaiaro riro taimaha rawa. I te kau e kore e taea tonu ki te mea e te whakamahi o te tohu-i runga i kotahi ki te whatunga he noa, rite kahore e nga rongoā tino ano i hanga.

Ko te kupu, e maha e ngana ana ki te kitea te ngātahitia i waenganui i utu, haratau me te tōtika o moni, e whakarato ana tāututanga / motuhēhēnga. kawea whakamanatanga Kaiwhakamahi i roto i tenei take i roto i rite ki ngā ture takitahi.

kia utua tokanga makehe ki te meka e taea te tīpakohia te mahi kei te whakamahia rite te ahanoa o whakaeke i runga i te wātea. Ki te te whirihoranga pūnaha hanga te i roto i te ara taua e muri kua he maha o ngā nganatanga rahua ki te tomo i te taea, kua kiia, ka te hoariri e taea mutu mahi kaiwhakamahi tika i te torutoru noa pēhi.

motuhēhēnga kupuhipa

Ko te painga matua o tenei pūnaha ko e ko te reira tino māmā, me te waia ki te nuinga. Kua roa kupuhipa kua whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakahaere, me te tahi atu ratonga, me ki te whakamahi tika o te haumaru whakaratohia, i te mea tino manakohia hoki te nuinga o ngā rōpū. I te tahi atu te ringa, i te huinga noa o ngā āhuatanga o taua pūnaha ko nga tikanga paruparu e nei kia whakatinana ai tautuhi / motuhēhēnga. Whakamanatanga i roto i tenei take riro tino ohie, no te mea kia kupuhipa wana, engari ehara i te mea uaua ki te imi i te huinga o ohie, rawa, ki te matau te tangata i te manakohanga o te kaiwhakamahi ngā.

I te tahi taime tupu te reira e te kupuhipa e, i roto i te parau tumu, e kore e puritia e ngaro, ka rite ki he uara tino paerewa tohua i roto i te tuhinga motuhake, a kahore tonu i muri i te tāuta i te pūnaha te, te huri ratou.

A, no te tomo koutou to koutou kupuhipa taea kite koe, i roto i ētahi wā, iwi ara whakamahi motuhake mea whatu.

Kaiwhakamahi, nga kaupapa matua o te tuakiri me te motuhēhēnga, e maha e kupuhipa hoa ki te hunga i etahi wa kua puta ke rangatira. I roto i te ariā, i roto i taua āhuatanga e te mea tika atu ki te whakamahi i ngā mana uru motuhake, engari i roto i te mahi e kore e he te reira i roto i te whakamahi. A ki te mohio te kupuhipa e rua iwi, kei te tino nui te reira e faarahi i te tūponotanga e i roto i te mutunga o taua mea, me te ako atu.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatika i te reira?

He maha ngā taputapu pērā i te tāutu me te motuhēhēnga taea te tiaki. Ko te wāhanga tukatuka mōhiohio kia inihua whai:

• Ko te whakapanga o ngā fakangatangata hangarau. Nuinga o ngā wā whakaturia ture i runga i te roa kupuhipa me te ihirangi o etahi pūāhua.
• kupuhipa paunga Office, arā, e hiahia ana ratou ki te kia whakakapi ia wā.
• uru Limited ki te kōnae kupuhipa taketake.
• WHAKAWHĀITITANGA o te katoa maha o nganatanga rahua e te hunga e wātea ana ina takiuru koe i roto i. No te mea o tenei hoariri me kawea atu nga mahi anake ki te mahi i te tāutu me te motuhēhēnga rite te pai kia rite ki te tikanga kōmaka kore e taea te whakamahi.
• whakangungu tuatahi o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
• Mā te motuhake generator kupuhipa pūmanawa e taea te waihanga i taua ngā e he makona reka, me te fakangalongata'a.

Ka taea te whakamahi katoa o enei mehua i roto i tetahi take, ara, ki te tahi ki ka whakamahi hoki kupuhipa atu tikanga o te motuhēhēnga.

kupuhipa kotahi-wā

He mati nga taatou i runga, a i roto i te take o te iritiraa i ngā hoariri e taea ki te mahi i etahi ngā mahi i runga i mo o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko Ko te aha rite he tikanga kaha ātete ki te taea o te sniffer whatunga hāngū, te whakamahi i kupuhipa kotahi-wā i te mea nui ake haumaru tāututanga me te pūnaha motuhēhēnga, ahakoa kahore i rite watea.

I te kau, tetahi o te pūmanawa tino rongonui kotahi-wā generator kupuhipa ko te pūnaha i huaina S / MATUA, tukua e Bellcore. Ko te ariā taketake o tenei pūnaha ko e reira ko tetahi mahi o te F, mohiotia nei ko ki e rua te kaiwhakamahi, me te tūmau motuhēhēnga. Ko te K matua ngaro, mohiotia anake ki te kaiwhakamahi motuhake te whai ake.

I kaiwhakamahi whakahaere tuatahi, whakamahia tenei mahi te ki te matua i te maha o ngā wā, ka ora te hua kei runga i te tūmau. I muri, ko te tukanga motuhēhēnga ko e whai ake:

1. I runga i te pūnaha kaiwhakamahi i te tūmau mai ki te tau i te mea 1 iti iho i te maha o ngā wā mā te whakamahi i te mahi ki te kī.
2. Kei te whakamahia mahi Kaiwhakamahi ki taviri ngaro i roto i te maha o ngā wā kua e kua whakaturia i roto i te wāhi tuatahi, i runga nei tonoa te hua kei te mā te whatunga tika ki te tūmau motuhēhēnga.
3. Ka whakamahi te tūmau tenei mahi ki te uara whiwhi, a ka whakaritea te hua kei te ki te uara rongoa i mua. Ki te ōrite te hua, ka whakapumautia te tuakiri o te kaiwhakamahi te, me pupuru ana te tūmau te uara hou, a ka heke te counter i tetahi.

I roto i te mahi, e te whakatinanatanga o tenei hangarau he hanganga ahua ake uaua, engari i te kau e kore e mea faufaa te reira. Mai te mea tina heke te mahi, ara, ki te te mōhio kupuhipa whiwhi ranei whakaurunga e kore e ki te tūmau motuhēhēnga whakarato te taea ki te whiwhi i te kī tūmataiti me tetahi ara ki te matapae me pehea e rite titiro reira rite te kupuhipa kotahi-wā e whai ake nei.

I roto i te Russia rite te mahi kotahi, he tomokanga kāwanatanga motuhake - "pūnaha Unique o te tuakiri / motuhēhēnga" ( "ESIA").

Ko tētahi atu huarahi ki te pūnaha motuhēhēnga kaha takoto i roto i te meka i hangaia te kupuhipa hōu i i wā poto, e te mohio ano i roto i te whakamahi o ngā hōtaka motuhake ranei ngā kāri atamai. I roto i tenei take, me te whakaae ki te tūmau motuhēhēnga te hāngai hātepe whakaputa kupuhipa me etahi tawhā e pā ana ki taua mea, a roto i te tua, me e hakari rite tūmau karaka tukutahitanga me te kiritaki.

Kerberos

puta Kerberos tūmau motuhēhēnga mo te wa tuatahi i roto i nga waenganui-90 o te rau tau whakamutunga, engari mai i reira kua i riro ia te rota o huringa taketake. I te kau, e kitea i roto i tata nga pūnaha mahi hou nga wae takitahi o te pūnaha.

Ko te whakaaro matua o tenei mahi ko ki te whakaoti i te raruraru e whai ake nei: i reira ko tetahi whatunga haumaru-kore, me te kōpuku i roto i tona puka takiwa, i roto i ngā kaupapa kaiwhakamahi, me ngā pūnaha tūmau, me te pūmanawa kiritaki. taua hinonga ia he hakari kī ngaro takitahi, me ki ngā kaupapa ki te whai wāhi ki te whakamatau ratou motuhenga ki te tumu parau te S, kahore nei e ia noa e kore e te minitatanga i te reira, ka hiahia te reira ki te karanga e kore anake ia, engari ano hoki ki te whakaatu e matau ana ia etahi kī ngaro. I te wa ano Ki kore ara ki te tonoa tika i roto i te ahunga o koutou S matua ngaro rite i roto i te tauira tuatahi, ko tuwhera te whatunga, a i roto i te tua, e kore S e mohio, a ka, i roto i te parau tumu, e kore e mohio ki a ia. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, te whakamahi i whakaatu hangarau iti māmā o te matauranga o taua mōhiohio.

Electronic tāututanga / motuhēhēnga mā pūnaha Kerberos whakarato hoki tona whakamahi rite te rōpū tuatoru pono, e he mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mau taviri ngaro o ngā pae serviced ka āwhina ratou i roto i te whakahaere i motuhēhēnga pairwise ki te tika.

Ko te kupu, ka tonoa tuatahi te kiritaki i roto i te uiui e kei roto i te kōrero e tika ana e pā ana ki reira, me te te mahi tonoa. I muri i tenei, homai Kerberos ia he ahua o te tīkiti whakamuna e te ki te kī ngaro o te tūmau, me te he kape o etahi o nga raraunga i reira, i te mea matua ngaro o te kiritaki. I roto i te take e whakapumautia e te reira mōhiohio e deciphered te kiritaki i te tikanga reira, e ko, i taea e ki te whakaatu i mohiotia te kī tūmataiti kei ia tino ia. Tenei tohu e te kiritaki, ko te tangata hoki i te mea te reira.

kia ki konei aro Motuhake kia tangohia ki te whakarite kia kore e te tuku o te mau taviri ngaro kawea atu ki runga ki te whatunga, a kua whakamahia ratou anake hoki whakamunatanga.

motuhēhēnga whakamahi waeine koiora

Biometrics tā te huinga o aunoa tāututanga / motuhēhēnga o te iwi e hāngai ana i runga i o ratou āhuatanga whanonga whaiaroaro ranei. tikanga tinana o te tautuhi, me te motuhēhēnga whakarato he etine scan me te kanohi taupoki io, matimati, mata me te āhuahanga ringa, me te tahi atu pārongo whaiaro. ngā ano nga āhuatanga whanonga te kāhua o te mahi ki te papapātuhi, me nga akiakinga o te waitohu. tikanga ngā Ko te tātaritanga o te āhuatanga rerekē o te reo tangata, me te āhukahuka o tona kupu.

E whakamahia taua pūnaha tāututanga / motuhēhēnga me te whakamunatanga whānuitia i roto i nga whenua maha huri noa i te ao, engari mo te wa roa, he ratou utu tino nui, me te whīwhiwhi o te whakamahi. More tata, kua tino nui haere te hiahia mō ngā hua biometric tika ki te whanaketanga o te e-hokohoko, no te mea, i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te kaiwhakamahi, he nui māmā ki te tapaea ano, atu i ki mahara etahi mōhiohio. Fakatatau ki ai, hanga supply tono, na ka anga te mākete ki puta ngā hua āhua iti-utu, e e te nuinga arotahi ki runga i te āhukahuka tapumati.

I roto i te nuinga rawa o te wā, e whakamahia ana waeine koiora i roto i ngā ki ētahi atu authenticators pērā i kāri atamai. E mea pinepine motuhēhēnga biometric ko anake te rārangi tuatahi o te ārai, me te mahi rite te tikanga o te whakarei ake i te smartcard, tae atu ngā ngaro Tuhimunatanga. A, no te whakamahi i tenei hangarau, kei te rongoa te tauira biometric i runga i te kāri kotahi.

Mahi i te mara o te waeine koiora ko makona tiketike. huinga hāngai ngā, me te mahi kaha rawa he tīmata ki te whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga ngā o te hangarau. I teie mahana e nehenehe tatou e kite i te rota o tuhinga pānuitanga e kua aroaro hangarau biometric hei tikanga pai o te whakarato haumaru nui haere me i te wa taua utu ki te tini.

ESIA

pūnaha o te tautuhi, me te motuhēhēnga ( "ESIA") ko te mahi motuhake hangaia ki te whakarite i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi e pā ana ki te whakaū o te tüturu o te kaitono, me te ngā mema o te mahi waenga i te hui o tetahi ratonga terenga tūmatanui ranei i roto i te puka-hiko.

I roto i te tikanga ki te riro te uru ki te "tomokanga kotahi o te hanganga kāwanatanga", me te tetahi atu pūnaha mōhiohio hanganga o ngā e-kāwanatanga, Me tuatahi koe ki te rēhita i te pūkete, me te rite ki te hua, te tiki AEDs.

taumata

Portal o te pūnaha kotahi o te tautuhi, me te motuhēhēnga whakarato toru taumata taketake o kaute mō takitahi:

• Ngāwari. Hoki tona rēhitatanga ngā noa tou ingoa tuatahi me te whakamutunga, me te etahi hongere ngā o kōrero i roto i te puka o te wāhitau īmēra i te waea pūkoro ranei. Tenei taumata tuatahi, i nei te tangata e homai wāhi ki te iti rārangi o ngā ratonga kāwanatanga anake, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te kaha o ngā pūnaha mōhiohio.
• Paerewa. Ki te whiwhi tuatahi e tika ana ki te puta i te pūkete māmā, a ka whakarato hoki ngā mōhiohio atu, tae atu ki ngā mōhiohio i te tau uruwhenua me inihua pūkete takitahi. Kei te takina tēnei mōhiohio aunoa i roto i te pūnaha mōhiohio o te Fund penihana, me te te Federal Hekenga Ratonga, a, ki te mea he angitu te whakamātautau, kua tahuri te pūkete ki te taumata paerewa, e iriti te reira i te kaiwhakamahi ki te rārangi whänui o ngā ratonga kāwanatanga.
• Kua Whakamanahia. Hei whiwhi i tēnei taumata o te pūkete, he pūnaha kotahi o te tautuhi, me te motuhēhēnga titau kaiwhakamahi ki te pūkete paerewa, me te tohu o te tuakiri, whakamana nei te i roto i te haerenga whaiaro he tari ratonga whaimana mā te whiwhi i te waehere whakahohenga mā ranei te pukapuka rēhita. I roto i te kaupapa e te mea angitu te haamauraa takitahi, ka haere i te pūkete ki te taumata hou, a ki te kaiwhakamahi e riro wāhi ki te rārangi tino o hiahiatia ratonga tūmatanui.

Ahakoa te meka e kia mea i te ngā tukanga matatini nui ki te kite mau te rārangi tonu o ngā raraunga e hiahiatia ana e taea e tika i runga i te paetukutuku e pā ana, na he reira taea ki te whakaoti i rēhitatanga mo te torutoru nga ra.