Tapanga me te tākai o taonga. whakaritenga tapanga hua. Tohu taonga Russian

Tetahi taonga e taea te hokona i roto i te toa hokomaha ranei, haere he ara roa i te kaiwhakanao i te torutoru kaihoko i runga i te counter tata ki te wāhi o te hoko ki te kiritaki. A ki te mohio te kaiwhakanao aha hua reira, me pehea ki te whakapā atu ki o ratou taonga, nga kaituku, a tae noa atu pera - e kore ai o ratou kaimahi e utua ana kia mōhio o tenei. Heoi maha i runga i te whata tangata pahuatia ranei pakaru taonga, a ētahi wā e te haavare. Hei whakaora i te kiritaki anake hua kounga hopea, i roto i te puka i roto i nei i hapu ai i te kaiwhakanao, i reira he tapanga whakahauanga o taonga.

Ko te ariā o te tapanga

Na roto i te tohu i te tohu, ko te ki te kia matau, e ai ngā o kupu, pūāhua, tohu, ki nga mea timatanga holographic ranei kahore tiaki. tohu mahi - ki te hoatu i te tangata e pupuri ana i te hua i roto i o ratou ringa, nga taipitopito o reira, kahore takahi i te tapatahi o te mōkihi.

Ngā momo o tapanga

Tei runga i te whakaaro o te ngā tohu nunui:

1. Ko te tohu whakatūpato - ka whakamōhiotia atu te āhuatanga o te whakamahi o te taonga, mo te tauira, te tikanga aquarium patua-i roto i kore e taea e taua e runga i te tihi o te hua hoatu mea taimaha.

2. Tapanga o ngā mōhiohio hua kiritaki whānui - tenei tohu e tono e tono o te āheinga me te me i roto i roto i te puka kuputuhi mōhiohio taketake e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga kiritaki o taonga: taimaha, tae, etc ...

3. Ko te waka tohu - e tohu ana i te ture o te hariata o taonga, me te taea whawhe ki reira. Hei tauira, te tikanga o te karaihe Taupokia e te hua ko te pakarukaru. tupu te reira i a waka tapanga i roto i te puka kuputuhi, hei tauira, te tuhituhinga "Kaua e maka", e kore nei e rapua e kōrero.

4. Tohu tohu tohu - e tika ana ki te meka e taea te hua te tahi mau hua anake ki te tukua e te motuhake raihana ranei, i te wātea i runga i te tohu tohu hua tohu te aroaro o taua whakaaetanga i te kaiwhakanao. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ngā tohu tohu o pikitia, tuhinga, me te tohu ki te tiaki holographic. Ko te tino rongonui ko te tohu tohu o te tohu Ekisia.

5. Moko - tuhu ki te taonga no ki te ngā waitohu. Ko te aroaro o tenei tohu tohu te pono o taua hua.

6. Ko te taiao-tapanga - tohu te reira e kore e te whakamahi o te hua kino te taiao, a taea hoki te tohu te aroaro i roto i te hua o etahi kino mo te taiao me te kai tangata.

7. te tapa motuhake, i te mea huru o te rōpū hua kino, me te tino mōrearea pērā i te waikawa me explosives. tapanga motuhake o taonga rite ki te āhuatanga tīkina mōrahi o te taiao mo te rokiroki me te transportation o taua taonga.

8. Bar waehere, ranei, rite whakamahia reira kia huaina ki, te Unuhia waehere, ko te tapanga paerewa ao. Ko ngāwari mōhiotia i ratou here te waehere pae, a kei roto i te kōrero e tika ana katoa e pā ana ki te hua mo ona whakanohoia ai i runga i te mākete - ara, mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whenua o te take, te waehere hua rite ki te classifier ao, he waehere kaiwhakanao, me te waehere tohu te aroaro o raihana me tukua e .

mai waehere pae i roto i ngā puka taketake e rua: rārangi, i roto i te meka, he waehere Unuhia me rua-ahu, e mohiotia ana ko te waehere UT. taea ki te uru atu pārongo, nui atu i te rārangi waehere ahu ko, no te mea taea reira ki a koutou te pānui i ngā mōhiohio e kore whakapae anake poutū hoki engari. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kei te hua QR-waehere te wāhitau o te hanga whakaurunga me te pae tukutuku o te kaiwhakanao, a kia whai tari waea. I roto i te parau tumu, e taea waehere rua-ahu whakamuna tino tetahi mōhiohio. faaohie hoki paewaehere whakahaere o ngā ratonga mana rārangi me te whakahaere moni i roto i hokomaha te whakamahi i ngā taputapu rorohiko tauhokohoko.

tohu GOST

riro Russian Federation, a mau te katoa-Union State Paerewa, kua huaina nei inaianei te Russian State Paerewa. Ko tōna uara ko e mo ia o nga kai ranei nga mea i reira ko te paerewa ōrite o te kounga, rite kitea e te hua hāngai māka.

GOST paerewa whakapumautia i roto i te USSR he tino mo hua katoa hangaia i roto i te Soviet Union. Whakaorangia, tukua tapanga hua GOST ki te tiaki i te pono o nga hua whakaputaina i te wā Soviet. Hei tauira, ka hōtiti o tākuta, nei kahore i hua ia, kia titoa o te taua kai whakaritea mo te haerenga, a ka kua rite e piri ki formulations paerewa. O te akoranga, kaihanga o tenei ra, e ngana ana ki te whakaora moni, haere i runga i te tohunga, tuku o taonga rite ki ngā motuhake, ko te kupu paku huri i te ingoa hua. Hei tauira, e kore "pata Vologda" me "Vologda pata anō", me pera i runga i. D. teie mahana, e taea nga kaihanga whiwhi i te tukua e te ki te hanga hua rite ki o ratou ake ngā, engari kahore tetahi e te tika ki te whakaputa i te hua ki te ingoa i runga i te tapanga o manuhiri kore e nei whakatutuki i te whakaritenga o paerewa.

tapanga kai

kai katoa i roto i Russia ranei kawemai ki tona rohe, kia hanga tapanga whakahauanga o taonga. titau Paerewa kaihanga me ētahi atu e whai i te ture. kia roto i tapa Hua te ingoa o te hua, kia rite ki tohu ngā whakaritenga GOST hangarau ranei tona rōrahi ranei te taimaha, āhua o te take mai me te haria, te hanganga o te hua, ona uara pūngao. A i raro i te mea e tikanga e hiahia ana koe ki te rokiroki i tenei hua, tona ora papa me te fakafalala o tenei wā i runga i te tikanga rokiroki. Ki te titau i te hua tukatuka atu, me homai te tapanga te tunu, me te pehea e te hua kia tangohia hoki kai. Te tapa o ngā hua kai kia roto i ētahi atu mōhiohio ki te tono o te kaiwhakanao. Hei tauira, kia reira kia whakahuatia me tūtohutanga mō te huinga ki ētahi atu hua.

O te akoranga, he whanaunga ture tapanga hua, a ka e whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i to ratou tikanga noa. O te akoranga, e kore tetahi e hāmene i te kaiwhakanao kongakonga potato e kore te e whakairi i runga i te kōrero i runga i te mōkihi pehea ki a hiahia ki te kai, engari i te haria wa ano o pineapples etahi hua atu tāwāhi ranei te here i noa ki te ū ki te katoa o nga ture i runga o māka o taonga a whakarato tohutohu mo tona faaineineraa i roto i te kai i runga i te tapanga. I muri i te katoa o te kiri, me te paināporo taea te whara ki te tamata koe ki te tararua reira, me hua pārūrū, a kia roto i te katoa paitini wahi inedible.

Kua whakapumautia Ture mo te tākai o etahi momo o taonga. Hei tauira, me kawea ipu kirihou ipu ranei i roto anake i te kai-kōeke kirihou. Me Kikī hua miraka anake ki te ipu hermetic. Ka taea te mohio hua anake i roto i ngarahu motuhake, me pera i runga i. D.

Māka o ngā hua kai-kore

e kore te katoa i te tikanga mo te kohi tangata e hoki ki te kia tapaina, ki nei he iti tino whakaritenga.

Māka o ngā tūemi kai-kore ka ngā o te ingoa o te hua, te ingoa ture o te kaiwhakanao, te whenua o te take o te taonga, ture o tona mahi, nga āhuatanga nui me ētahi atu mōhiohio e whakaarohia te kaiwhakanao reira e tika ana ki te whakamōhio i te kiritaki. Mai te nuinga o tenei kōrero taka ki te paewaehere, he reira maha iti me te kaiwhakanao o taonga kai-kore atu manganga kaihoko pea e kore nei e hiahia ana ki te hoko "he poaka i roto i te koko."

Tohu taonga Russian tonu tonu i te wā o te whanaketanga, reira, e kore e taea i roto i nga wa katoa ngā mōhiohio oti i runga i tenei hua. Whakamārama o te Kawanatanga Russian i runga i te tikanga mō te māka o taonga, i runga i te korero kotahi ringa e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te tino piri ki te paerewa whakapumautia, i runga i te tahi atu - ki te mahi kia rite ki te tikanga pai, me te tuatoru - e kore e ki te hoatu taonga i runga i ngā momo ngā katoa o te tapanga tika i roto i te take. I roto i enei ture e mea ohie ki te tiki puputu'u, me te reira tonu tohu mahi te matua hoki māngai o hokohoko, a ka anake - mo te kiritaki.

whakaritenga motuhake mo te tākai o taonga kai-kore i reira, ki te kahore hoki tūemi e pā ana ki mōrearea, pūkākā, me te tino kino, me te he whakaaetia patu. taea anake te rongoa taua hua, ka kawea i roto i ngā motuhake, ipu me take, me te tahi e te tapanga whakatūpato e tika ana, e me i roto i whāwhā tohu tapanga.

taonga excisable

Ko te whakaritenga tino nui mo te tapanga o taonga e pā ana ki te excisable. Hoki taonga excisable i roto i Russia he waipiro, ki te kahore te wai me te cider, tupeka me kora me lubricants. Māka o taonga Ekisia te tono ki pane tāke taonga - kia rite ki te whakatuwhera i te ipu tākai ranei kopiro ano i nga waitohu, ko e taea. taonga Ekisia tohu ngā pārongo e pā ana ki te kaiwhakanao, te maha o tona raihana, te nui o te ohipa Ekisia mo te hua ngā, me te tona ingoa.

Ekisia pane Ko te tuhinga moni pūrongo tūmatanui, me te he i raro i te mana tino.

I tua ko te kōpae taiaho tohu ki nga taonga o te mana pupuri tuhia ki runga ki a ratou. tohua ana tēnei hua te ki te waitohu raihana motuhake e rite te hanganga o te ohipa Ekisia, engari, pērā ratou, e hua ki te taiaho hinonga production Motuhake i raro i te mana kāwanatanga tino.

Ture o te tapanga me te tākai o taonga mō te waka i te hau

E pā ana Airlifts ki rahi mōrea, kia ki taonga kawea e taua waka, te tono ngā whakaritenga atu pākaha, tae atu te hunga e pā ana ki te tapanga. Na roto i te hua rangi waka ki anake hei ngā tapawhā tapawha ranei, tāke, me ētahi atu ipu o te āhua āhuahanga auau. Me tohu i runga i nga ipu a te tahi atu pōkai tapawhā tapawha ranei i runga i nga taha, me te tihi o te ipu. Me ngā reira tapanga whakahauanga o ngā hua kai-kore, me te kai, tapanga motuhake, taiao, waka tapaina ki whāwhā tohu. Me ngā te tapa mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taimaha o te kupenga taonga me matotoru, e ko, rite ki te tākai, kahore reira ranei.

Me fakatatau Te rahi o te tākainga o nga taonga ki nga āhuatanga o te nohoanga waka rite tautuhia i roto i te ture waka rangi waka kāinga me te ao. I tua atu, me noho ia hua te wahi.

Ko te titauraa ki te ū ki te tapanga

I nei kei te ture ki te tākai me te tapanga hua me te i roto i te hanganga ture - te āwangawanga matua o nga hinonga pakihi i roto i te mara o te hokohoko. I raro i te ture o nāianei, whakaritea taua herenga i runga i hinonga pakihi katoa, kua pā ana ki te hanga me te hoko o taonga waka nei mahi. Ko enei kawenga i te tahi mau rerekētanga.

takoto ana te kaihanga te ki te hanga, ranei i roto i te take ki te pane Ekisia raihana ranei - hoko i te maha e hiahiatia o tapanga mō ratou hua, me ki te whakarite i to ratou tono tika o nga taonga. Ko te kaihanga, ko te kawenga mō te hanganga ture ki te kounga o ona raraunga hua tohua i runga i te tapanga, i te kau waiho nga taonga te raina production mua ki tona hoko i te kaiwhakamahi mutunga.

Ko te kawe, e mauranga taonga, he kawenga hoki te tapatahi o te tohu i runga i te hua i te kau o te fariiraa i te taonga i te kaituku i te aroaro o tona tuku ki te kaiwhiwhi. I roto i tenei take, ka kore te kawe e puritia kawenga mo te ihirangi o te tapanga me te hanganga ture hua, me te hei he, ki te i tuhia i te takahi o te tapatahi i te wa o te whakaaetanga o te taonga i te kaituku.

ua titauhia wholesalers me retailers ki te whakarite i te tapatahi, me te pānui o te māka o nga taonga, e kei i runga i tona whata. Tellingly, e kore te kawenga mo te taupatupatu o ngā raraunga tohu nga āhuatanga tūturu o te taonga te kaihoko, engari i te wa ano, kia tika ki te kaihoko mō ngā mōhiohio hanganga ture kāore i runga i te hokohoko tapanga, e ko he tuku ā-waha o te kaihoko, te tino kounga o te taonga. Ko te kupu, ki te he te kaiwhakanao āta aitua ranei tu i runga i te TV ngongo tohu i te wē, me te kaihoko, i waho ui ki nga taonga, hokona tona wheketere tohu, ka waiho ia kawenga ki te kaihoko mō te kore o te rite rite te tauākī i roto i te tuku, i raro i te ture "I te Protection o Consumer Rights" . I roto i tenei take, ka riro i te kaihoko te tika ki te kawe mai kerēme rite o te kaiwhakanao.

Me kï reira e me hoatu e te kaihoko te kaihoko o te taonga āhuatanga hokona katoa, e kore e tohua i roto i te mōhiohio tapanga e taea te kaihoko ia tai'o. He mea nui hoki ki te mahino te wehewehe i waenganui i nga mau ohipa o te kaihoko mo te hoko o taonga i waho te tapanga whakahauanga, me hoko o taonga excisable ki te taua hē. taea anake te kitea kukume kaihoko kāwai tuatahi taonga tika te hoko o taonga, kahore tapanga tika. I roto i te take o taonga excisable noa ki te kitea e taua taonga ki te kaihoko o te kararehe, nga rererangi e kore arahi ki hoki ki te tūkino o te tapanga Ekisia.

Kawenga mō te takahi o ngā ture tapanga

Hoki ofatiraa o te ture o taonga tohu whakarato mo te taunahatanga whakahaere ki te pai, me te raupatu o taonga, kahore reira ranei. Te rahi me te momo o te taunahatanga tei runga i te taha whāinga o te hara, e ko, i runga i te mea motuhake mahi hē mahia tangata haepapa mo te aroaro o tohu.

Ko tautea he pai te tapa te hē te o ngā hua kai, me te kai-kore ia se, engari kia huna kanohi i te hara atu taumaha, ranei ara hara - iteraa o taonga haavare me mahi kikino. A haamana'o na i taua tapanga whakahauanga tā e whakamārama ana te ingoa o te kaiwhakanao hua me te whenua o te take. Ko te kupu, tohu taea ki a koe tirohia te Ture o te hanga Tuhinga o etahi hua ranei, me tona implementor - ki te whakaū i te Ture o tona rironga, ki te hoki etahi take ko te taonga kahore rauata. Hei tauira, ki te hokona nga taonga i runga i te mākete rarawe.

Sale o taonga excisable kahore tapanga tika, ranei ki te e pakaru te tākai me te tapanga o nga taonga, ano tautea te pai. Ko te hoki tenei hoko i te pūtake mo te whakapae o te tahi atu hara pupirikana taimaha - taonga ara neoprihodovanii me te moni. A katoa no o taonga excisable mō te iteraa moni he taea anake ki te awhina o te rēhita moni ki i tomo te hua katoa i roto i nga pukapuka ki te tohu, tae atu pane Ekisia raraunga. Ko te kupu, ko te pane Ekisia pakaru ngaro ranei i runga i te hua taea koe ki te ruarua e kua tenei hua kua tukua ki whare putunga o te taonga, a ka kua whakaurua i roto i te rēhita moni, a kahore e hokona e te karaihe e te wahi i raro i te counter ranei. O te akoranga, ki te whakamatautau i te Ture o te hua ki te tapanga papaka ngaro ranei he taea, engari ka whai reira ki te noho raru utu nui, na te reira pai ki te karo i tenei.

Tirohia te hinonga pakihi e hua me hokona taonga kaupapa ki tohu, kia paku ture, me te uruhi ture mana - ara, tinana o te mahi e hānga ana pupirikana, pirihimana pupirikana me te pirihimana, te hāmene, i te tohanga o te mana hua tinana waipiro me ngā hua tupeka, te tiaki o tinana o tika kiritaki, mana o te kararehe, me te tirotiro parukore-tahumaero, mana haumaru ahi. I roto i te take rawa i roto i te haki tapanga tūhuratanga taihara kia kawea ai tari o kaiwhiu me te FSB.

He aha kiritaki Me ki mohio e pā ana ki te tapanga

I roto i te meka, te kiritaki ko te tangata matua i roto i nei tono moni te taonga tapanga, engari i te wa ano ko reira ano hoki te pai-Kāti i roto i tenei whakaaro i roto i to tatou whenua. I runga i te ringa kotahi, kua hanga huringa ki te ture, i roto i nei kia waiho atu maramarama no te kiritaki taonga Russian tapanga. Ka oblige te ture hou ki te hoatu i te tohu motuhake i runga i te rōpū whānui o ngā hua. I te tahi atu te ringa, te kiritaki e kore e taea e inaianei kino ia ki te matau he aha te painga mo ratou e taea te nekehia atu i te tohu. Tuatahi, ko te tapanga ko ki te whakamōhio kiritaki e pā ana ki te āhuatanga, te rahi me te kounga o te taonga i roto i te tikanga o te ture "I te Protection o Consumer Rights" me "Code Civil". Ko, ki te tikanga o te ihirangi o te hua e kore whakatau i te tapanga o te kaihoko kaihanga ranei koutou hē e pā ana ki te hua hokona, me te kiritaki e te tika ki te utu e tika ana. Tuarua, tohu whakarite te Ture o nga taonga, me i te take o te waipiro o te kai me te miraka hua ranei he faufaa.

Te toru, e tauturu te tapanga hua ki mohio te wahi pono o te hanga o taonga, e ka whakatau, ara-te kounga teitei rūpahu.

Ko te kupu, ko te tapanga o nga whakaritenga hua, me te tona tākai whakatenatena ngā kaiwhakanao me kaihoko piri ki etahi paerewa kounga me te ū ki te tika o kiritaki.