Takoha me whakahounga tāke i Russia: te whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me ngā

Mai 1990 ka anga te whakahou pupirikana nui-tauine i roto i te Russian Federation. Hoki whakaaro i roto i April, i haere he pire i runga i utu i tangata, tangata ke, me tangata stateless. I roto i te Hune, kōrero te ture i runga i takoha herea ki te pūtea o te hinonga, whakahaere me mau amuiraa.

Takoha me whakahounga tāke i roto i Russia: anga ture

kai matua mo te kohinga o te Hōtaka o Mahi tenei ra utu obligatory ki te pūtea i whakaaetia i te mutunga o 1991. Na ka ka tangohia te ture tino ture tenei mara. whakaturia te mahi normative i takoha, mau ohipa, utu me ētahi atu utu, kaupapa tautuhi me ratou mau ohipa, me tika. I tua atu, kua whāngai te reira me ētahi atu ture i runga i te takoha motuhake, i haere mai ki te pānga i January 1992. whakahounga tāke Major, te kupu puritia i roto i te timatanga o te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga.

hanganga

Tāke whakahou haere i roto i te hanga neke atu i te 20 ture, me ngā ture. Whiringa 21, 1992 i te ture o te peresideni i hanga e te tinana motuhake hi'opo'araa - te Federal Ratonga Tax. I te mahi whakaritea mahi matua i roto i te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here tāke te whenua o muri. Kua ture 4 ngā rōpū kōmihana kua takoto:

1. Motu. i whakapumautia ratou i te taumata e hānga ana.
2. Local. whakatau ratou nga hanganga rohe o te mana, kia rite ki nga mahi hanganga ture o te kaupapa.
3. utu Republican, takoha, whakahaere, me te motu-kāwanatanga ngā. I whakaturia ratou e te whakatau o nga tinana kāwanatanga me nga ture o nga rohe tēnā.
4. Mātua utu motu, me te rohe, me te takoha.

Kei te wā tohatoha Composition ke i roto i runga i te whakatau o ngā pokapū kāwanatanga.

Ko te raruraru tuatahi

Tū i roto i ngā āhuatanga rawa tino, kihai i taea e ki te whakarite i te hanganga o te whare pūtea pai whakahou tāke i Russia. I roto i te akoranga o te mākete muri taui ka ona kohakore atu kite. Ka rite ki te hua, te pūnaha tāke kua meinga tino pōturi te tipu o te ōhanga. He raruraru matua i taua wa ka korero a o te tarepa pūtea. i tika ki te moni iti o te moni ki te taonga i runga i te whakamārama o tukupā whakapaunga nui ia.

huringa

Na roto i te 1997, neke atu i te 40 momo o takoha me utu, e kua utua e whakahaere, me tangata kua whakapumautia kua i roto i te whenua. kua toru hanganga taumata kua hangaia ki taua wāhi. ngā reira:

1. utu motu. He ki atu tenei ratou puta noa i te whenua i reiti flat mo ia momo.
2. utu Republican me takoha o ngā whakahaere-rohe, me te motu-kāwanatanga.
3. takoha Local ki te pūtea.

waewae tuarua

tīmata te whakahou tāke hou i roto i 1999. I tohua te reira e te tomokanga ki te kaha o te wahi tuatahi o te Code Tax. kia mea te reira e kua kōrero te Waehere mo te wa roa. Ko te wahi whānui whakau ana i nga mau ohipa, me tika o nga kaupapa, tukanga whakaritea o fakahoko o herenga ki nga ture mana pūtea tautuhia, te hopoi'a no te takahi o ture tāke. I tua atu, i whakaurua e ratou i te taputapu tino nui o te Institute. Ko te kupu, i kitea i roto i te Code o nga āhuatanga matua o te whakahou pupirikana. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite i te whakataki o te ture i roto i te pānga i whakawhanakehia, ka whakaae e neke atu i te 40 ngā tuhinga ture. Ko te hua tino nui o tenei wā ko te whakatamarikitanga o ngā whakapuakanga puka me ngā tohutohu i runga i to ratou faaineineraa. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e ia haere i te tuhinga kei te roto i te Duma, kua ngaro ia i te rota o whakaaro auaha. I roto i tenei take, ko nga huarahi me ngā ture i roto i te meka i matara atu i te tino tika. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i runga i nga tau torutoru mua i roto i te Waehere Tāke i whakaurua maha whakatikatika.

Transformation mai 2000

Mai te timatanga o te rautau 21, kua riro te Kawanatanga o te maha kaupae papau ki te huri i te āhuatanga i roto i te rängai pūtea o te whenua. Kua whakawhanakehia tohutohu matua o whakahounga tāke mo te wā-waenga (tae noa ki 2004) kua. Matua tikanga:

1. Whakaiti pikaunga nui i runga i ngā kaupapa, i hanga e nei rite ki te hua o te preconditions mo whakataha o moni whakahauanga.
2. Ko te vaivai o te mana pūtea o te kāwanatanga i roto i te manakohia o nga mahi pūnaha manawarü tāke.
3. Whakarato i te tohatoha kawenga ōrite i runga i te kaiutu.
4. Whakaiti i te tau, me te huringa i roto i te ahunga o te haamauraa i poapoa tāke.

I roto i te anga o whanaunga ā-pūtea hāngai te kāwanatanga ki te tohatoha anō o te moni i roto i te manakohia o te pūtea e hānga ana i runga i te rohe.

Ko te whāinga o te whakahou pupirikana

E ratou kahore ki te kohikohi rongoā utu rite maha ki te raruraru pūtea. Ko te mahi matua inaianei tu raro te taumata ärai ki whakaiti herenga kāwanatanga. whakahounga Tāke hāngai ana ki te whakatū i te tikanga tika o te kohinga o utu i hinonga whakahaere i roto i rerekē ngā āhuatanga ōhanga. hōtaka whakaaetia o te kāwanatanga kaupapa here moni whakaaro kohi tiaraa amui ore. e kore e takoha tino pā te utu whanaunga, te tukanga o te hanga penapena, me te pera i runga i. Ko te hua e whakaiti i te utu mo te whakatinanatanga o te ture, mo te kāwanatanga e kore anake, engari ano hoki mo te ahuru.

faafariuraa muri

Hei whakatutuki i te whakahounga tāke whāinga i roto i te whenua whakahuatia i runga ake i tonu. I roto i ngā, pene 4 o te wahi tuarua o te Code Tāke whakaurua i roto i Hānuere 2001:

1. Takahanga.
2. Excises.
3. Poka.
4. UST.

Muri whakahou tāke i roto i 2005 te whakaaro:

1. Whakaiti i te kawenga i runga i te pūtea moni. Kei te whakaritea te reira ki te kia tutuki e whakaiti i te auau o SST. I riro te reira e no te moni ki runga ki te 300 mano. Miria. ka kia heke reira ki 26%, i 300 ki te 600 - 10%, neke atu i te 600 - ki te 2%.
2. Te huri tohutohutia tikanga Takahanga. whakaratohia te reira e ka kia heke te auau ki te 16%. I tua atu, ki te whakahounga tāke te whakahou i te hokinga mai o te kohinga o täwahi,. I tua atu, kaha kōrero te taea o kaiutu nama hiko.
3. Huringa i roto i te takoha taonga. I mahara te reira ki te whakakapi i te takoha ngā i runga i whakawhitinga hoko whare. Tenei mahi i, i roto i ngā, whakaurua i roto i te rohe Tver.
4. Whakatūnga o te hamani maitai no te hinonga whakahaere i roto i nga wāhi ōhanga motuhake. i te reira ki te kia whakarite auaha me te haumi.

tukanga kohinga me te mana

whakahounga Tāke e hāngai ana te ngäwari me te māramatanga, te whakangāwaritanga me te whakaiti i roto i te rerengamahi. Whakatinanatanga o te mahi tā whakaiti i te kawenga pūtea kore anake, engari ano hoki i te wahi whakahaere. I roto i ngā, i te whakaiti o utu o te aufau i mahia o te ture. Ka rite ki whakaaturia, te whakaiti o te pikaunga pūtea o te tahi mau takoha haere tonu ki te hua tukutahi i roto i te pikaunga whakahaere. I roto i ngā, i te nui haere rōrahi o ngā tauākī pūtea, kua meinga kaute mahi aufau atu uaua ki te whakapakari i te mana o ngā pokapū kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kua riro takahanga:

1. Hurihia te hanganga o nga tinana mana.
2. Whanaketanga o ngā hangarau mōhiohio.
3. Te whakapai ake tikanga whakahaere.

mutunga

E aromatawaia nga hua o te whakahou o te pūnaha tāke rite te katoa kia rite ki pai. I roto i te wā i 2000 ki te 2003. rahi o te kawenga i te GDP māmālie heke i 34% ki te 31%. Ka rite ki te hua o te mehua kua kua he huringa nui i roto i te hanganga moni. Tuatahi o deductions rahi katoa e pā ana ki te whakamahi o ngā rauemi kohuke kua nui haere rawa. I te wa ano heke tatou hua i te hua hinonga me te tāke whiwhinga moni whaiaro nui haere tata i te hawhe. He he he rahi nui o takoha pūtea mō ngā hua pāpori, hauora, me te penihana. Ko to ratou taumata i roto i te 25%.