Taimaha rāpoi - he āhuatanga rahinga tinana o ia taonga

Pauna rāpoi ngota, rite papatipu ngota, iti rawa. Na reira, hoki ratou rite ki tātaitanga te whakamahi i wae papatipu ngota. Pātahi taimaha rāpoi pūhui - tenei nui tinana, i te mea te ōwehenga o taimaha o te rāpoi ngota pūhui ki 1/12 o te rahi o ngā ngota waro. Tenei taupū tohu e hia nga wa te taimaha o te rāpoi ngota katoa neke atu i 1/12 o te taimaha o nga matūriki timatanga o te waro me te, rite tetahi uara whanaunga e kore taha me te tohu e te tohu o Mr.

Mr (pūhui) = m (pūhui rāpoi ngota) / 1/12 m (C). Heoi, i roto i te mahi, e whakamahia ana te reira i te kaupapa rerekē mō te tātai i tēnei uara. I roto i te taua mea runga, te papatipu rāpoi-rite ki te uara tapeke o te papatipu ngota rite (Ara) o ngā āhuatanga matū katoa e hanga i te pūhui rite ki te maha o matūriki pūmotu o ia pūmotu, i.e. Ka taea te tuhituhi schematically e whai ake:

Mr (B1xC1y) = x * Ara (B1) + y * Ara (C1).

Hei whakatau tika i tenei uara kia:

1. mohio te tātai matū o te taonga;
2. Ara tika whakatau i roto i te tepu D. I. Mendeleeva (na whaitake ki te te maha i muri i te ira, ko te rite ki te privyshaet 5, ka whakaawhiwhi ki te wae katoa tata ranei tāpiri: hei tauira, Ara (Li) = 6, 941, ki te tātai te whakamahi i tau tōpū i ko 7, me te mea he iti iho i te 5, ka te kaupapa pera te tokomaha e reira ko he: Ara (K) = 39,098, i.e., tango 39).
3. ka tātai Mr kore e wareware ki te tango ki pūkete te maha o ngota, i.e., Federation e tu ana i te āhuatanga i roto i te pūhui.

papatipu rāpoi-, te tātai o nei schematically tohua i runga ake E pā ana ki te pūhui matatini. No te mea hoki te tātaitanga o te taonga ohie rahinga y rawaka ki whakatau anake te papatipu ngota whanaunga o te taka pūmotu me kōwhiri whakanuia e te maha o matūriki pūmotu. Hei tauira: Mr (P) = Ara (R) = 31 me Mr (N ₂₎ = 2 * Ara (N) = 2 * 14 = 18.

Fakakaukau ki tetahi atu tauira, ka kitea i roto i te mea ko te papatipu rāpoi-ngota o te wai - he mea matatini. Ko te tātai tëtehi o te taonga, ko te H ₂ E, i.e., ngā reira o rua ngota hauwai me te kotahi ngota hāora. Na reira, titiro te record whakatau rite tenei:

Mr (H ₂ E) = 2 * Ara (H) + Ara ( e) = 2 * 1 + 16 = 18

Ka taea e koe te tuhituhi i roto i te poto, iho i te faaiteraa mau. E whakaatu ana tēnei ahua e Mr 18 wa neke atu i 1/12 o te waro papatipu matūriki pūmotu. Waihoki takoto taimaha rāpoi o tetahi pūhui matū, i raro i te huru e mohiotia tona tātai tëtehi te. Ko ano hoki, te whakamahi i tenei uara, koutou e taea e whakahoki te hanganga kounga, me te ine o matū unknown, ki te whakatū i te ihirangi o nuclides takitahi. I roto i te mahi, mo te faaotiraa o Mr taonga mahi tikanga physico-matū, pēnei i Māturu, spectrometry papatipu, hau tūrara , me ētahi atu Hei whakatau i tēnei taupū mo te waerau whakamahia tikanga e hāngai ana i runga i ngā āhuatanga colligative (maha whakaritea o rua here, te rōpū mahi, te pokey, kaha apuhau marama).

Ko te kupu, ka waiho i te whanaunga āhuatanga papatipu rāpoi o ia taonga, me te takitahi ki a ia. takoto ana tēnei uara kei te hoki e rua ohie, me te matatini pūhui, inorganic me te organic. He tino nui i roto i te ako me ngā waerau synthesizing ka whakawhirinaki ki runga ki te tohu o te taimaha rāpoi nei āhuatanga ona tawhā.