T-64BM "Bulat-" (tank) - ao hōu T-64 whakamutunga

History o te ahumahi tank Soviet mohio maha take ka tukua te mīhini i te tahi tau ahuru matahiti i ma'iri a'e, tonu noho rawa e hāngai ana ki te parekura hou. Ehara i kahore ao hou, o te akoranga. Kotahi tauira - "Bulat". E wātea ana tēnei tank te tipu Kharkov me tohu te ao hou, o te motokā tawhito T-64A.

mua

Me kï reira e ko tenei tank i tetahi wa tetahi o nga whanaketanga tino whaihua o te ahumahi Soviet. Ko te hītori o tona hanganga rā hoki ki te 60raa, i roto i te pa o Kharkov Design Bureau. Mai i te waenganui o te i tonoa e ia ki runga ki te ara nekeneke, te wahi i te motokā hou tīmata papatipu-hua me tāke T-64, T-62 me T-55 taua 60-doma katoa. Official ohi puta anake i roto i te 1969, ka i oti tuatahi o katoa ratou whiriwhiri wehenga Armoured, kei runga i nga waho hauauru o te whenua.

History o T-64A

Ko reira tika ki te mea i haere mai te whakaaro taketake o te ahua o taua mihini i kaihoahoa tae noa hoki rite 1946. ue'i tenei whakaaro ratou ki te tīmata te mahi i runga i te hanga o te pūkaha diesel faufaa hou (i roto i te USSR i nei tonu te raruraru). I maoro rongonui i roto i te porowhita kuiti oti KB №75 tona hanganga. Tata tonu i timata matou te mahi i runga i te tank ano, e hoki te wa roa whanau te ingoa waehere o "Ahanoa 430".

hītori Post-Soviet

"Shestdesyatchetverka" haamata hua i te tipu Malyshev 1963 (Kharkov tank wheketere). roa Putanga he hauwhā o te rau tau, i roto i nei te wa i te raina whakaminenga ki te wahia e pā ana ki 5500 o enei mihini, e kua whakatu hoki tona wa.

i muri tonu i tere ki te hopu i te motuhake o Ukraine te tiango o te USSR Kharkov Tank Factory (ki taputapu katoa, kua utua). Ehara i Koinei, te "ke" T-64 hohoro mutu ki te anaanatae i te Tāhuhu o Defence, engari no te mea te toenga o te rohe o hohoro te waka tauā Russian "retrained" i roto i te whakangungu o te mīhini i runga i mahi nga ākonga te mahi tino ti'aturi te maumauria e noa ratou rauemi.

Ngā tata (i roto i te 2011) i tukuna he ako ōkawa ki te tukua atu nga waka tauā toe katoa ki te kia rewa. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ngā take o nāianei, kua mahi tenei taipitopito iti i roto i te muri pai: e kore e taea e te mana Ukrainian nāianei whakapangia Russia o tuku enei tāke Donbass. Mana kore i ratou.

Mai i te pātengi raraunga kaupapa katoa kua i te ringa o mātanga i Ukraine, ua faaoti ratou e kore ki te ururua i te kamupene tae noa ki te mutunga. I whakaritea e te reira ki te tīmata whakahou taputapu tawhito ki te tāutanga o te patu āhua hou, taputapu tirotiro me ētahi atu mea. I raro i te ingoa waitohu T-64E mīhini hohe tēnei wā (ahakoa i roto i wā iti) tukua te i roto i te āhua pērā i South Sudan ko Somalia, e kore noa e whai moni mo te noa, hou waka Armoured.

Na i reira i te taua "Bulat"? Ko te tank Ko te whanaketanga atu o tenei raina tawhito.

Ao hou, o te T 64E

Te reira i hohoro ka mārama e hiahia wawe nga ope kāinga o Ukraine tāke noa. Ko te āhuatanga ko te tumu: rite Kharkov ko te taonga karauna o te hanga tank katoa o te USSR, e te i hokona tika waka tika katoa mo te wa roa, engari i te "kēne" T-80 me T-72 i te tahi mau taime anake te take. I roto i te poto, e hiahiatia ana e matou hou, "Ukrainian" tāke.

O te akoranga, pinea tumanako nui i runga i te āhua-namata (hoki ratou Ukrainians) "mau", e te tika i roto i te APU e tonu enei tāke kaua e nui ake kotahi tekau, a ka he taua ratou uara e te tatau i runga i te tōpuni tonu o "motuhake" ope he horihori tenei tikanga. Ko pai enei mihini pūtea o te hinu i roto i te UAE, i o ratou whakautu rawa pai.

i kitea āhua hohoro te otinga. I roto i warehouses noho puranga huakore T-64. Reira anake noho ki "takahuri" ki a ratou 5TDFE pūkaha hou, tona kaha ko te tino tika 900 rita. he. Oddly nui, engari katoa te mahi Ukrainians tū i roto i te huna, i te tangata tank hou kua taea ki te kite i. o tau i te rua, anake i mua, ka anga reira ki mātātoa Pānui i te pāpāho, te whakahaere ia ki "te marama ake" ara i te whakaaturanga whaimana ringa i roto i te UAE.

I roto i te parau tumu, whakaaturia te tank tuatahi te ki te iwi whānui i roto i 1999, anake (i runga i te rongo hohe) ko reira, he kata-ake i roto i te wā pouri rawa o hihiko, a kihai te pereoo i tatari mo te ope Ukrainian. ope tank o tenei ahua i te wa i hanga anake i te toenga o te rakau o T-72 me T-80U.

He aha kua puta ke i roto i te tank?

Me kï reira e tino e kitea nga hua noa ki te kanohi tahanga. kore Tank titiro rite te tuaukiuki i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka ia rite te mīhini whawhai hou. I runga i te takere o te tank whakanoho tohaina tiaki hihiri, te wahi frontal o nga kanohi tino me lelei. Kia titiro a ki te āhuatanga hou matua:

• Ko te taha o te motokā katia te kōwae haumaru "Blade 2". Kua hanga e ratou hoki te kapinga pai o te mata rite te tapawha tapawhā ranei.
• E rua ngā momo o "dynamics" - "mata 2" me "Whakapā-1" - wehea auhia puta noa te mata o te patu, ka huihui hoki he "mea ripekapeka" kaupapa ohie, me te cheap. Ko te painga matua o tenei tikanga o te tāutanga ko tino Kōmāmā tiaki o te mīhini patu.
• Ko te wāhanga hanganga o te pourewa hoki faufaa ke, i te mea rawa kitea i roto i te tirohanga taha. e kore e rōpū Ukrainian whakawhānui e pā ana ki tenei kau, engari tohunga whakaaro e whakanohoia te pourewa te he wehenga atu mō te kariri.

Na te mea atu Kei te āhuatanga i reira e te tank i runga i te pūtake o i hanga reira "Bulat"? Te tank, rite tatou kua mea, Kei te rite rawa ki te mea nui atu mātanga o te mātakitaki. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i tenei piha haapiiraa o tāke puta titiro Panoramic ki Atahanga waiariki, e nui faarahi te tūponotanga o te ora i roto i te pakanga tank.

Na rite te wahi mo tona tāutanga ki te whiriwhiri tino pai, ka taea e tatou te mea ki te whakawhirinaki i meatia te whakamohoa āta. I roto i te whānui, rerekē tāke Ukrainian katoa he whakaaro pai, maha mamae anake te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa. Ko te tikanga he tika ki te kounga iti o te parahi patu whakamahia, me te kore o tohunga mātanga o te kura Soviet tawhito tenei.

Ko te rākau o te riri matua o te tank

Ko te rākau o te riri matua o te ërä tank pū 125 mm. I tua atu, eke te mīhini kei te tonu aro rua kōwae: ngā ratou o rererangi repo aunoa GS-23 (30 mm) pū NSVT ërä 12.7 mm, a AH-17 Pūwhakarewa pohu aunoa.

E tino whai hua i roto i ngā taiao tāone, kei hea he ngā tikanga tāke Soviet parekura i patu anti-tank ēnei kōwae. I tua atu, he ratou tino whai hua i roto i rongoā te waka Armoured marama o te hoariri, e kore ki te whakapau i roto i te noa tuku i te pa matua.

I roto i te whānui, i pono mīharo te mahi kawea i roto i. Ko ko tenei - e kore "Bulat". Ko te tank, e huaina nei te ingoa, ko te whanaketanga atu, me te tukatuka whakarerekē whakaahuatia tika o te mīhini tawhito. Na tatou te mutunga tiki iho ki te whakaahuatanga o tika nga "hero" o tenei tuhinga.

Na he aha te mea "Bulat"?

Na, ko te tank Ukrainian hou ko te "ö hohonu" mihini T-64A ko T-64B (me ētahi atu akatuke'anga). Ko te whāinga o te ao hou, ko ki te kawe i te motokā hou e tika ana ki runga ki te taumata o T-80UD, T-84U. Ka rite ki ta matou i whakahuatia i runga ake, puta "ahua tuatahi" i roto i te 1999.

ao hōu katoa i ki faahohonu te mahi i roto i ngā wāhi e toru:

• He hua nui i roto i te nekeneke (powerplant hou).
• Te whakapakari i te tiaki, tae atu i te nui ake iti iho ranei pūnaha anti-tank hou.
• Te whakanui ake i te firepower me te mana whawhai i roto i te tāutanga o ngā pūnaha patu hou.

mana te tipu

Ko reira arorau e whakatakotoria i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i nekeneke i roto i te wehenga pūkaha te engine diesel rawa hou. Ko te take me tona mua rite, i whiriwhiria tenei tūranga 5TDFM nekeneke, tona kaha ko 850 horsepower. I roto i te parau tumu, tenei whanaketanga atu, ko te 5TDF diesel tawhito rawa i runga i nei te Engineers mahi.

E i roto i te wehenga pūkaha tawhito uru te 5TDFM hou, a kihai i anake tino whakakapi reira te kaihoroi rangi tawhito, me te hauarea, engari rework ano hoki te pūnaha whakapau, e kore nei e whakatau hoki i tetahi whakaritenga hou. Ki tank Ukrainian "Bulat" (Kia ano, hanga i runga i te pūtake o te T-64 tawhito) kihai i pahua te ara, me te monstrously, rite tona mua, i roto i Kharkov, whakawhanakehia Pads motuhake i runga i ara hangaia mō te taraiwa i runga i nga rori tūmatanui.

Heoi, i muri i te uku ara waka nekehanga o te tīwae, e kua rite rawa ki taua whakaaro, e kore e tahuri ki te whānuitanga tank puhipuhi. Ko te painga o te kaupapa pēnei i roto i te meka e kore e te tahi mau whakarerekētanga atu e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaputa i te nuinga o te anuhe. Kua tukua nga Pads rapa me toromoka tipu (mahara) motuhake, i runga i te tono.

I roto i te whānui, tāke Ukrainian, "Bulat" me "mau" puta noa i tona mahi whakahaere tahi e te kaiwhakanao, i ai he tetahi faatura.

Parenga i patu anti-tank

tutuki pakeke e te tāuta i complexes hou tiaki hihiri o te pourewa, me te taha ki aft o te tank. pūrongo te kaihanga i taea ki te whakapai ake i te pūmautanga o te tikanga o te rāhui ki te pānga o kaha tāpiripiri (AFB), me te iti-ërä anga patu-ngoto (mkh) ia. I roto i tenei take, ko te aronga i runga i te meka e kua nui haere te taimaha o te tank paku anake.

Kei kete tiaki o rua kōwae motuhake: hāngū pire patu me te pūnaha tiaki hihiri ā-. Waho korero hihiri aroaro kōwae frontal me mata e kua eke a tawhio noa te paenga o te takere. I runga i te tuanui o te pourewa, a i roto i te tahi mau wahi mamao huihuia wāhanga modular e taea te hohoro ke i roto i te hui o ratou kore. Elements o tikanga tiaki hihiri ā whakarei te ātete ki te anti-tikanga atu noa.

taimaha Tapeke o te huinga oti o te tiaki hihiri (tae atu rauemi here) Ko e pā ana ki 3.5 taranata. Anake kotahi tank kaumoana, ka ki runga ki ona ake, kia taea ki te mahi i te tāutanga o āhua 5.5-6 haora. Hanga-i roto i te tiaki hihiri e te tāuta kē i runga i te kaiwhakanao tank, e kore e hiahia ana etahi tiaki anō i roto i te mahi. Ko te kupu, he pai te pūnaha o te tiaki i ngā kaiwhakanao Kharkov no te mea e kore e hiahia ana i te reira taputapu mātanga, me te mo te tāutanga, me te mahi o ngā tohunga tino tohu.

Otiia e kore e katoa te e. Aha, ka rite ki te tikanga, te waka tank patua ka ana patu antitank hinga e (pea) whakamahi hōia o te hoariri? Mai i te ahi me te wera. Hei tiaki i te iwi, me te whakapai ake i ō rātou tūponotanga o te ora, kua whakaratohia kaihanga tank Ukrainian te pūnaha ahi whakanoatanga aunoa, te wa urupare o e (i muri i te tahi mau whakarerekētanga engineering) kua heke ki te 150 msec.

hua ao hōu

Na he aha te mea te T-64 "Bulat"? Ka rite ki kī ratou, ngä Ukrainian (kore te mamae i te taikaha o te haehaa), ia "Ko tata ōrite ki te tank Russian T-90" me te "rite i roto i te mahi ki te hou" kaha "."

Ae, He opuaraa pai mo te whakahoutanga atu, ina koa i roto i te whakapai ake pūkaha toko i whakapuru 6TD 6TD-1 ranei-2 te mīhini. Ka taea e nui te whakapai ake i te mātanga, ki te hoatu SLAs faufaa rerekē, whakatere me te taputapu kōrero. I tua atu, i te mīhini i muri i whakahou te rauemi tata ki te 11 mano kiromita (mo te tank hou).

Ki te hoatu e tatou peka te pathos, e kore te mea pera rosy katoa. tino taea te whakaritea Ae, hou ona āhuatanga T-64 ki te raupapa wawe T-72. Ko te tika me pehea ia e taea "nui ake" he faufaa rerekē T-90 me te hou putanga o te T-72 e kore te mea katoa mārama,.

I roto i te parau tumu, e whai i te reira mau huru maitatai. Ko te kupu, i roto i te hanga o wira ara, me te tahi atu wahi huriaro o T-72 whakamahia te i runga i te ton alloys ferrous, mea mo T-64 e kore e whai atu i te 200 kirokaramu. Fakatatau ki ai, tenei meka tino whakaiti i te utu o te mīhini whawhai, engari pono "hodovka" te mauiui.

Ko te mea anake, ko te tino pai te T-64, te reira maintainability huriaro. Na reira, ki te rota whakamutunga o ngā pātai i te tohunga (whakaaro ano o nga alloys maitai kore-ferrous). Ko te take i te German Democratic Republic (i haere i runga i te nuinga o enei tāke) kua waka maha kerēme o nga ara kākahu me karauna. I T-64 rawa maha rere anuhe, maha e haere tahi i te reira e te whara nui, me ngā whara ki te iwi nei i roto i te takiwā o te tank.

A ko reira tino "rerekē" titiro Ukrainians tauākī e ratou "tank hou pai" e kore e tata nui te Ingarangi "kaiwero" me te Tiamana "Reparo 2" - e titiro tino wawau i te marama o te meka i tautika mohio te motokā Ingarangi rite te pai tank i roto i ngā mahi NATO i Iraq. E riro te reira hira ki te mea, "Bulat" taea whawhai anake i roto i te Donbas, kei hea he kua ki tonu i te whakaahua o waka pakaru te whatunga, a tahuna Ukrainian. He aha te mea na pai ia?

Te āhua, tona cheapness: te utu o whakahou i te T-64 tawhito (rite ki e rua-toru nga tau ki muri) ko e pā ana ki 400 mano tara, i hoki te hanga o "mau" Me kia i te iti rawa 1.5 miriona.

tātari o tōnounou

Ko te whatunga i tenei ra ko te maha o "Songs", e te hunga kanga ki te tank "hou" e hiahia ana ki te whakarite i te kau o te objectivity, kia kōrero a pā ana ki ona tōnounoú.

Tuatahi, te taimaha me te mana pūkaha. "Bulat" e ata 45 toni ka te mana pūkaha o 850 l / s. "Tawhito me te whai hua tank Russian T-72" kua he taimaha o 44.5 taranata me te pūkaha, tona kaha ko 1000 l / s. He aha te mea he "nekeneke teitei" (polosiua Kharkov tipu) konei e taea tatou te kōrero? I te T-72, ki te tika, ka taea e koe te whakairi o taranata o te whawhai te tokorua, ia ka whai i te T-64 mo tenei whakaaro ki te huri i te pūkaha.

Na konei te te "pūtake o te mea." Ahakoa i roto i te 70 "taretare" nganatanga i te whanaketanga anō o T-64 i te tāutanga o te pūkaha i 1000 l / s. Ko te raruraru i e kore i taea e te tahuhu o te mīhini tawhito tu taua whakamātautau, tīmata mooni hu'ahu'a i runga i te haere. No te mea o tenei, i te 1987 i te pae hopea whakarerea te ārahitanga Soviet te whanaketanga atu o te T-64.

Pū. Tank "Bulat", te āhuatanga o e kua kite matou, rite rawa te tauira i te KBA3 (noa 2A46M-1). Kerēme te kaiwhakanao i he reira "pū pai nui T-72 me T-90." Fifili e ahau he aha i taea e pai? I roto i te waka tauā Russian tāuta pū 2A24M-4 / Tane-5, e homai 17% iti purara ka pupuhi i runga i te nekehanga me te whakarato i te whakapai ake o 15-20% i roto i te tika (rite te wa i roto i te rite ki te 2A46M-1 tawhito). Haapapu, e kore e kore.

Ko te whānuitanga shooting tūturu, na ko katoa te atu ngā tenei. Whakawa i te pā, kia rite ki nga Sovietí tonu, te "Ukrainian" pū tūturu whakarato i te whānuitanga o te patu i te ūnga ko 1.5 km (ko te täkupu e mo aua wā). Ko te "tagiltsev" rite tenei uara he rite ki te 2.3-2.5 km. A kei hea he te "whakapai ake"? e kore he mārama ano reira.

Ko te patu hāngū me te urupare, konei te kōrero i hākirikiri katoa. He kotahi (!) High-kōeke whakamātautau kāwanatanga "Bulat" katoa o tenei "kete tinana" kihai i haere. raraunga katoa - anake i puna mōhiohio Kharkov. He pono e arahina te taua tautohetohe katoa me kiritaki ao: he hiahia i roto i te T-72, T-80, T-90 me te taua "mau" ratou, engari mo etahi take tino uninteresting ratou "Bulat".

I runga i te i mua, ka taea e tatou te utu i te mutunga ohie. Kharkiv whakarerekē tino whakapiki i nga āhuatanga kounga o te tawhito T-64, engari he reira e kore e tahuri rite tona superweapon. Ao hou, o te rawaka pai-te kounga, tutuki nga hiahia o te ope Iukereiniana hou, e kore e nei i pahuatia e te pūtea noa. Tonu, e kore e merekara tupu: te motokā o te '60raa, ara ki te engine hou, me te tiaki hihiri, te tank hou e kore e taurite.