SSR Mōtāwhiana: hītori o te mātauranga, whakaahuatanga, rohe me nga pa. Nga ringa, me te haki Moldovan SSR

Ka titiro tēnei tuhinga i te mea i te Mōtāwhiana SSR. Kei tēnei repupirita i roto i te tonga tino o te wāhanga Pākehā o te Soviet Union, i roto i te mea reira wahi. i hanga MSSR i 1940, i runga i August 2, ka whakamararatia i roto i 1991, 27 August. I roto i te rawhiti, te raki, me te tonga rohe reira ki te Ukrainian SSR, a i roto i te uru - ki Romania. I 1989, ko tona taupori 4337 mano iwi. Chisinau City ko te whakapaipai o te MSSR.

Nga pa nui o Moldova i 1989 ko Chisinau (667,100 tangata), Tiraspol (181 900 tangata), Balti (158 500 tangata), Bender (130 000 tangata). I roto i nga tau o te mana Soviet i pa iti, me kainga o te mua nui haere te pa Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Hono i te USSR Bessarabia

Te kāwanatanga Soviet i roto i te tau 1940, 26 me te 27 Pipiri, ka tono tangata e rua ngā kōrero ki te kaiārahi Romanian, i ui wawe ki te whakaoti i te mahi o Bessarabia. Kāore i taea ki te tiki i te tautoko o Tiamana me Itari kaunihera karauna Romanian, na i ki te hoatu whakaaetanga ki te tikanga Soviet. tangohia te Kāwanatanga Romanian nga pitopito kōrero tono i Pipiri 28, 1940 i runga i te hokinga mai o Bessarabia, te tikanga me te wā o te withdrawal o ona wehewehenga, me te whakahaere. tomo wae Army Whero i te ra ano (28 Hune) i roto i te kawanatanga o Bessarabia RSFSR.

whakamararatia te whakahaere o te 9 o Army i runga i Hōngongoi 10. mahue Bessarabia me ope whenua i runga i enei whenua ka wahi o te Military District Odessa.

hanganga

I te tau 1940, August 2, tū VII wātū o te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR, i tangohia he ture i runga i te whakatū o te Uniana o te Mōtāwhiana Republic.

Mōtāwhiana SSR i roto i tona hanganga i te rohe e whai ake nei: 6 kauti o Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) me 6 rohe o te mua Mōtāwhiana ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) te toe ngā wāhi MASSR me a ka whakawhitia Ismail, Akkerman ko Khotin rohe o Bessarabia ki te Ukrainian SSR.

I muri mai, i roto i te 1940, 4 Whiringa-, tukuna te USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium he tikanga i whakapumautia te huringa o rohe i waenganui i te MSSR me te USSR. Taimi nounou i mua i tenei, mutu Molotov me Schulenburg he kawenata atu, i runga i reira te iwi Tiamana i Northern Bukovina (neke atu i te 14,000) me Southern Bessarabia (e pā ana ki 100,000) i whakahekea ki Germany. Na i runga i te whenua kau i whakapumautia ratou pāmu, te wahi e karangatia iwi ki Ukraine.

kawea Creation o te Mōtāwhiana SSR i roto i tere. Ko te hanganga o te käwanatanga ngā 61 noho c whakataunga i roto i te nui o 55 000 iwi (14 whakataunga i roto i te wāhi o mua MASSR, 1 kainga, takiwa Cahul, 46 kainga o te mataeinaa Bender). E te Ukrainian SSR oho 96 kainga ki te taupori o 203 000 iwi (76 kainga o rohe Khotyn, 14 - Akkerman me 6 - Ismail kauti).

I hihiri ēnei huringa i te meka e i roto i nga kainga o te Ukrainian SSR haere ka kaha Bulgarian, Ukrainian me Russian taupori, ka whakawhiti ki te Mōtāwhiana SSR - Gagauz me Moldovan.

hua

Ka rite ki te hua, ko te MSSR te rohe ake ko te 33.7 mano sq. Km, ki te taupori o 2.7 miriona wairua, o nei i 70% Moldovans. riro Chisinau te whakapaipai o te Republic. I muri i te whakariterite anō o Bessarabia, kua ngaro te Mōtāwhiana SSR 10 mano sq. Km o whenua me 0.5 miriona te iwi.

I hopukina e ia, a whakahekea 8000 I te tau 1940, te iwi taketake, me te i roto i 1941 13 Pipiri - neke atu i te 30 mano.

Bessarabia i roto i nga tau whawhai

I roto i te noho Tuarua o te Ao Pakanga Bessarabia whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai i runga i rua taha e whawhai. Ko te ope Romanian i huaina 10,000 Bessarabians: whawhai ratou ki te Soviet Union, a kua hoatu neke atu i te hawhe o ratou ake te wairua. Ko te whakaoranga o te Mōtāwhiana SSR i te mahi Romanian puta i roto i 1944. Kia ka mau te käwanatanga te hōia Soviet, haere ki te mua 256 000 tangata o Moldova, o nei i roto i te 1944-1945 kua ngaro nga oraraa o 40 592 iwi.

Ko te āhuatanga taupori

Na, kua whakaaro matou te hanganga o te Mōtāwhiana SSR. He aha i haere i runga i? Ko te faaho'iraa mai o te ōhanga o te käwanatanga hou o te USSR, i tonoa te pūtea taonga ki 448 miriona moni. Tuatahi o te katoa, piti piriti ora me ngā rārangi o kōrero puta noa i te Dniester whati te ope Romanian. o te Army Whero i tonoa ki te whakahoutanga o te rāngai ōhanga e te tauturu i te taupori rohe. Katoa o te awa Nistru whiti Mahuru 19, 1944 Kua hanga, a roto i Moldova ka taea ki te kawemai mīhini me te taputapu. I roto i te hotoke 1945, te käwanatanga i kawemai taputapu mō te 22 o ngā rōpū nui.

Ko te āhuatanga ōhanga

riro ki te whakahoki ahumahi Mōtāwhiana SSR waro (226,000 taranata), konganuku ferrous (20,000 taranata), hua hinu (51 000 tana). Na roto i te faaauraa ki te taumata o te huka i roto i te 1940 i hua i roto i te 1945 neke atu i te 16%, te tihi poraka i 36%, te hinu 84%, pereki i 42%, hiko e 48%, me te hiako hu e 46%. 226 I toe langa ngā me 60 pāmu.

He maha lepupilika Soviet (te nuinga RSFSR) whakawhiti Moldova kararehe (10,800 upoko), hipi (47 700 upoko), purapura (17.4 taranata), hoiho (17 300 upoko), he tikanga mō te tukanga mara, me te ake. Heoi, i roto i te 1946, ka anga ki te peka ke i te matekai, me te maha o nga kararehe. Ko te kupu, i roto i o 25 000 hipi me nga koati, ngā te RSFSR, i 1947 kua noho kore ake atu i te 18 000 upoko. I roto i te 1949, i whakahekea nga peasants whai i te whenua, me o ratou taputapu: taputapu, whenua, kararehe, me hua - whakawhitia ki pāmu ngātahi.

matekai

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, riro he āwhina faahiahia Mōtāwhiana SSR. Ko te kōrero haere e i roto i te noa'tu o tenei, i roto i te whenua ka haere mai te raruraru i roto i te tau 1946, heoi, rite i roto i te tahi atu rohe o te USSR. I roto i te Bessarabia reira ko te onge kai i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, a tae noa i roto i 1945, puta ake te raumati maroke. Nā ki te kore o te kai nui haere te maha o he (te nuinga tahae) tino.

No te mea o te raruraru, kua tīmata kaimahi ki te pai ki te ringa i runga i te kotinga (rawa taro) mana. I te tahi taime te hua kohinga kia kaua ngā katoa. Ēnei mahinga, ka karanga mana rohe "nga meka o te rirotanga hawata ana". Ko Ko te aha fakatau'atāina'i te kaiārahi o te USSR Moldova i te supply o etahi tikanga i roto i te tahi atu lepupilika Soviet, me te Army Whero.

Me kï reira e i 1947 ki Moldova i maha lepupilika o te Soviet Union kawemai kai kai anō.

Sovietization

Ko te ārahitanga Soviet ki tonu i te kaupapa here o Sovietization o 1940, e iri hoki o te whawhai. Power hihiri whakakaha i roto i te whenua. Ko te Hupirimi Soviet o te Mōtāwhiana Soviet pāpori Republic me te kāwanatanga i muri i hoki mai i te hōneatanga, te tuatahi whakanohoia i roto i Soroca, a ka oho ki Chisinau. Arahina ki hanga te mana ā-rohe: i hanga nga komiti whakahaere rohe i te taumahi tika. I roto i te hinga o 1944 ka anga ki te whakahaere i te komiti pa whakahaere, me te taiwhenua, takiwā, me te mataeinaa. I toe langa te reira i mahi hāmene me te tamataraa.

Presidium o te Hupirimi Hune 16, 1949 tukuna he tikanga i runga i te whakatū o ngā komiti whakahaere ā-rohe, terenga, mataeinaa, me te kainga. Oketopa 16, whakaputaina he tikanga hou te haamauraa i te whakakāhoretanga o kaute me rohe. Tips - I roto i te Hakihea 1947, i whakaritea pōtitanga i roto i te kāwanatanga ā-rohe i roto i te whenua mo te wa tuatahi i muri i te pakanga. komiti whakahaere pōtitia i te tuhaa pureraa matamua o nga Sovietí. whakahaere Tari me ngā kōmihana motuhake hanga i raro i nga komiti whakahaere.

deportations

Ko te peasants, e whakahaere te nui faahiahia o te taonga tūmataiti, e tautokona ana e Roumanie i 1941. noho tenei piha i roto i Moldova tae noa ki 1949. I roto i nga tau 1944-1945, i meinga te kaiārahi Soviet i kaha dekulakize taua taupori. Ringa ki te taonga i roto i te pirihimana rohe rohe hoatu i runga i record. Kua tatau te kāwanatanga Soviet e i roto i 1946, i noho i runga i te rohe o Moldova 27 025 rangatira whenua tūmataiti.

I muri i te whawhai, he matekai i te whenua, na e reira ko te kaupapa anti-Soviet. I roto i noho tuawhenua tino pāngia e te hemokai, i tohaina mātārere karanga iwi ki te tu atu i te kāwanatanga Soviet. Āpiti atu ki tukuna mātārere anti-Soviet he aronga fakalotu, wherahia ana e ratou te wehenga o te rohe.

I te tau 1949 haere April 6 Politburo o te CPSU (b) he taumira i runga i te panatanga i o Bessarabia, mua cultists, kulaks, kaipupuri whenua, kaipakihi me te hunga e awhinatia nga hoariri Tiamana, me te Romanian, me āwhina te Whites. Waho i te whenua panaia hapu katoa. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko "Operation" Tonga ". i whakahekea Moldova 11 290 hapu o 40 860 iwi. haere taonga Expropriated ki te kainga o te pāmu kāwanatanga te mana, me te ngā, me nga whare, me whare hokona ki takitahi tūmataiti.

ko Moldova wahi o te Soviet Union mō te 47 tau tae noa ki August 27, 1991, i mua i te karanga o tona motuhake.

wehenga whakahaere

He aha kua tae mai ki te tohu i te Mōtāwhiana SSR? ona rohe i roto i te nui o 52 wae ko te hua o wehewehe i nga Kauti o Noema 11, 1940. ka 6 atu rohe o te whenua i te Mōtāwhiana ASSR.

puritia Moldova te vahefonua e whai ake nei:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky me ngā wāhi);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni me ngā wāhi);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova ko Straseni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, a Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-rohe);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski me ngā wāhi);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti me ngā wāhi Suslensky).

a Moldova whai i te rohe kōharinga Republican:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

He aha atu e nohoia Mōtāwhiana SSR? i whai Republican kōharinga pa i roto i tenei whenua:

• Chisinau;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

ārahitanga

Ko te kupu, ko te Mōtāwhiana Soviet pāpori Republic wahi o te Soviet Union i 1940. faaohipa Ko tōna whakahaere matua te Moldovan Party Communist, i ko wahi o te CPSU. I roto i te 1990, ka timata te pupuri o pōtitanga multiparty. Kei te mohiotia te reira e ko te tinana teitei o te Pāti Communist o te MSSR te Komiti Central (CC). I roto i te 1940-1990 ahu e ia te hēkeretari tuatahi o te käwanatanga o Moldova CP.

I roto i te 1990, i muri i nga pōtitanga April, i hanga te whakakotahi o te "Popular Front" (whakahaere kore-hapori) me etahi mema o te o te whakahaere o te Moldovan Communist Party, i pai ki te Māoritanga kominiusi. kitea tenei i roto i te tohatoha o ārahi pou: i te upoko o te mana whakahaere tu nga māngai o "o People mua", me-ture - nga Kominiusi mua. Mai i April 27 ki Mahuru 3, 1990 tū te pou o tiamana o te Hupirimi Soviet o te Mōtāwhiana Mircea Snegur. Ko tōna te taua i roto i te tau 1990, Mahuru 3 i pōtitia peresideni o te Republic. Mircea Druk ko Tiamana o te Kaunihera o Minita o 25 Mei 1990 ki te 28 o Mei 1991, ka nohoia tenei tūranga i Muravskiy Valery.

Te Kaunihera Supreme

He aha ko te tinana-ture rawa o Moldova i 1940-1991 tau? Ko te Kaunihera Supreme (unicameral), e kawana (anake te pōtitanga 1991), i pōtitia whakaīngoa i runga i te pūtake o te 4 tau (5 tau mai 1979). I mua i te pōtitanga, whakaaetia kaitono i te kaiārahi o te Pāti Communist o Moldova.

e kore te mea he whakahaere pumau te Kaunihera Hupirimi, huihuia ona ngā mema 2-3 wa he tau i te wātū, i roa o nga ra te tokorua. Hei whakahaere whakahaere mahi kaitōrangapū tonu pōtitia mahi Peresideniraa, whakaaro te upoko ngā o te Republic.

o ringa koti

Na whakaaroa te koti o ringa o te Mōtāwhiana SSR. Ko te tohu motu o te Mōtāwhiana SSR tenei, e hāngai ana i runga i te koti o ringa o te Soviet Union. E ai ki te tuhinga 167th o te Ture o Moldova, e paingia ana i roto i te 1978, April 15, kei reira te ahua o te hama me toronaihi, whakanohoia i roto i te ra. karapotia ana tēnei hanganga e taringa o witi, taringa o te witi, he paihere o karepe, me te rīpene whero, i runga i nei i reira he inscriptions: i te raro he pukapuka kitea "RSSM" i te taha ki matau, ka taea e koe te pānui i te pepeha Russian, I runga i te maui - ko te parau i tuhituhia i roto i tenei "Proletarians o whenua katoa, whakakotahi!" reo Moldovan. I te tihi o te koti o ringa whakapaipai ki te whetu e rima-oka.

He maha ngā putanga koti o Arms o te Mōtāwhiana SSR. I te tīmatanga, ko reira ahua rerekē i taua o te mutunga te takikupu o te kupu "whakakotahi" te reo Moldovan me te roa o hihi o te ra. I whakaaetia te koti hou o ringa o te Republic i te wātū taara o te kāwanatanga o Moldova, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te tau 1990, i runga i te 3 Whiringa-.

kara

A rite te kara o te Mōtāwhiana SSR titiro reira? Ko reira he whero he papanga taha-rua tapawhā, te pokapū o nei te-roa tonu peita karawarawa matomato. I runga i te whakamārama whero i roto i te kokonga maui o runga ko te wahi turanga o te tohu o te MSSR - te hama me toronaihi, me te whetu whero koura e rima-tohu, taiawhiotia tīwae rohe koura.

ropu Green ni'ai tetahi wha te whanui o te papanga. Hammer me te toronaihi tuhituhia i roto i te tapawha pohewa tona taha hāngai ki te rima o te whanui o te haki. Ko te kakau o te hama me toronaihi i runga i koki o raro o te tapawha, me te mata toronaihi kei i te pokapū o tona taha i runga.

Kei te whakaaturia hoki whetu rima-oka i roto i tikanga diameter porohita rite ki te whakatekau o te whanui o te tukutuku. whakaaetia whakahaere MSSR tenei tikanga haki o Hānuere 31, 1952. rōpū Next whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga 168 o te Ture o te MSSR 1978.

Te ti'aturi nei tatou e, i muri i te tai'oraa i to tatou tuhinga, whiwhi koe i te pikitia tino o te Mōtāwhiana SSR.