Rybczynski Ariā: te tikanga, me te mau hopearaa

Mai te whanautanga o hokohoko te ao kua tamata pūkenga ōhanga ki te ako i te hononga tukanga katoa i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te pūtaiao. Ratou, ano he ahupūngao, te iteraa i theorems hou, me te whakamārama i te āhuatanga, ārahi ki te heke ara ranei i roto i te ōhanga o te whenua. Ko te tihi o te whanaketanga o whanaunga ao ko te wā o te pūmatuatanga me whakatikatika o ope i roto i te hapori o te ao, tika i runga i te wā pou-pakanga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, he ope o ariā, tae atu Rybczynski ture tauwehe. Poto a mārama tamata ki te whakamārama i te ngako o tenei tuhinga.

takenga

He kuao TM ākonga English Rybczynski i 45-50 tau o te rau tau whakamutunga, ako nga pānga o ahumahi i runga i te ōhanga. I roto i aua tau, pai whakawhanakehia whanaunga ao, a ko Beretane tetahi o nga whenua ārahi i roto i te kaweake o taonga. ako te aronga matua ko Rybczynski ko Heckscher-Ohlin ture tauwehe. E ai ki ona haapiiraa, te whenua hoko anake aua taonga nei hanga he nui o ona rauemi, ka kawemai te hunga e hiahia ana te nuinga wawe. e mea he e he arorau katoa. Ko hoki ki te ariā mahi, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i ki pūkete nga tikanga mo te takanga o te utu ao:

1. E i te iti rawa e rua whenua, tetahi o nei āhuatanga o te hanga i roto i te i te taikaha, me te tahi atu te faaruru tona takarepa.
2. Pricing e wahi i te taumata o te whakarite o ngā āhuatanga o te hanga.
3. e ko, te oraraa o te taea o neke ratou (mo te tauira, he wahi o te waka whenua e taea) te nekeneke o ngā āhuatanga o te hanga,.

I muri te tātari i te whanaketanga o te tahi mau whenua i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga, ka kawea mai he kuao ākonga tona ariā. Heoi i reira Rybczynski ture tauwehe. Ko tona wā putanga noa i runga i te pikitanga, me te heke o nga whenua capitalist o te "toru o te ao" whenua.

Ko te fakalea Rybczynski ariā

Na, ko reira te wa ki te whakatakoto he aha te mea te mauri o te ariā o te ohanga Ingarangi. tohe ia e te mea i reira e rua anake ngā āhuatanga mo te hanga o taonga, a ki te whakanui i tatou i te whakamahi o tetahi, e uta e te reira i te whakaiti i roto i te hanga o taonga e tika ana ki te rua o te take.

whakamārama

I para tuatahi, he mea tino huanane ture tauwehe Rybczynski. rawea, poto te faufaa matua. A feruri na e rua kamupene. hua kotahi rorohiko hoki e hiahia ana koe he rota o te whakapaipai, a ka he ia te moni nui i roto i. Ētahi atu witi tipu, hoki e ia ano he rauemi nui, te nuinga e tika ana ki te kaha mahi. Kei te kaweake i te kamupene tuatahi rorohiko me tika ki te utu tiketike o atu faarahi tona whakapaipai, a ka kei te tipu tono nga ope katoa huihuia anake i roto i te hanga hangarau. I te moni wa ano mo te hanga witi kei te hoko iti, me iti mahi ki te ahumahi atu pai, a he inā te kamupene.

whakaaro

kī Rybczynski Ariā e ka pā tonu te ōwehenga o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te ahunga o te whakaiti whakarahi ranei te hua whakamutunga o te hanga, ahakoa whakaaro he rängai motuhake ranei te ōhanga rite te katoa. A feruri i te kauwhata.

Ano, ka matau te tauira motuhake pehea ki te whakanui i whakaiti i te āhuatanga o te hanga i runga i te tono rānei ranei. E ai ki nga raraunga, i reira e rua taonga X me Y. hoki te tuatahi me whakapaipai mo te tuarua - mahi. Ko te pere tuatahi o whakaaturanga pehea te ōwehenga ikeiketanga o te mahi me te moni e te reira ki te whakaputa i te X hua ki te tono te whakanui ake. Waihoki, mo te hua Y, e mahere te OE pere. E whakaatu ana te kauwhata i te mata G. tenei ko rauemi te whenua o. Ko, i reira te mea he tetahi kararehe o te whakapaipai (GJ) me te mahi (OJ). Ki te whakarite i te whenua o taonga X me e hua hiahia Y i rōrahi, aua, F, me E.

hāngai Rybczynski ture tauwehe te i runga i te hua o te take. Kia mea a ko te whakapaipai tenei. Na, mo te hanga o te rōrahi hou o taonga Y (mō te kaweake) Me haumi e tohua rite G _1. Tau o peremesitsya hua ki te tohu E ₁ me te hua i roto i te roa o TÖNA _1. I te wa ano, ka kia ngaro taonga whakapaipai mo X, a ko te kupu e hinga i te hanga ki te ₁ FF āputa. Kia mahara e te tawhiti GG ₁ nui iti EE1. Tenei te tikanga e ara te kaupapa iti o tetahi o nga āhuatanga (i roto i tenei pane take) i roto i te rängai kaweake arata'i ki te hua taikaha i roto i te maha o te taonga hangaia.

"Mate Tatimana"

Rybczynski Ariā i roto i te wā roa e taea e arahi ki te heke i roto i ngā ahumahi takitahi e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te hekenga i roto i te pūmanawa ōhanga o te whenua katoa. Tauira i roto i te ao hapa ina kua arahina te kaupapa matua he ki te hua i roto i te pikinga, te tupu o te auau utu me te hekenga i roto i GDP. huaina ana tēnei pānga ko "mate Tatimana".

Kua tangohia te ingoa o te "huaketo" ake i roto i te Netherlands. I te reira i reira i roto i te waenganui-70 o te rau tau whakamutunga i reira ko te raruraru tuatahi.

Āhua i tenei wa kitea te Tatimana rāhui nui o hau māori i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau. Kua tīmata rātou ki te whakarongo nui ki te hanga me te kaweake o te rauemi. e mea he e raro i taua huru i tipu ōhanga te whenua o, engari i reira ko he āhuatanga tino ritenga. tupu Course moni Tatimana, ki te hua kitea tere, me te tiketike rawa, i Kei te nui haere ki tāwāhi o te tahi atu taonga nui iti.

Ko te mau hopearaa o "mate Tatimana"

Ko te take hoki tenei i matamua o ngā rauemi i te rāngai hua o ngā hua tawhito i roto i te hau production. Ko te nui tupu te tono, te nui te haumi e hiahiatia ana. Extraction o rauemi utu nui ui moni, mahi, me te hangarau. Mō tāwāhi ki ētahi atu rohe wareware e arotahi i runga i te kotahi. Ka rite ki te hua - ka nui haere te auau whakawhiti, a ko te kupu, ko te whakataetae o te whenua.

Rybczynski Ariā io kotahi ano te meka e taea whakatika i te tohatoha anō o ngā rauemi raruraru e rua i roto i te hokohoko kāinga me te ke o te whenua. "Mate Dutch" whenua maha koroputa hei. puta te raruraru nui ki a Colombia i muri i aranga tono mō te kawhe. E kore e haere te huaketo me matatau mana Pākehā. I momoho te ora ake te UK, France, Norway.

merekara ōhanga Hapanihi

Ko tētahi atu tauira - Japan. Tenei whenua motu iti i roto i nga tau 60 o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua miharo te katoa ōhanga ao peke tere. mahi i konei Rybczynski ture tauwehe, engari anake ki te pānga pai.

Ka taea te wehea āhua katoa ki koloa me ahumahi. Etahi kaweake ki te mākete ao e te nuinga te hua, e ka hei te rauemi raw mo te hua i roto i ētahi atu whenua. I roto i enei whenua i te rota o te hōpuni, engari he iti hua. Ko tētahi atu momo o te hokohoko - ko te utu o ngā hua oti. Ka rite ki te tikanga, te ahua, hoko taonga hangaia, i whakapaipai e wātea ana, me te hangarau. Nā ki te meka e te kāwai tuatahi i ki te pai te hoko hua ake te utu i roto i te tuarua, i te ora whakamutunga.

ka mau a Japan painga o tenei parau tumu. I tona rohe iti ki te tupu te tahi mea e taea. Rauemi, rawa, tata kahore. Katoa e he - he iti pakeke-mahi me te iwi tenacious. Ngā mihi ki ngā āhuatanga i roto i te mara rorohiko, te hinu me te hau tukatuka me ngā ahumahi matū, kua Japan kua taea ki te hanga o ratou ohanga kia e na roto i te hoko rauemi raw cheap, kua tukatuka ratou a reira, ka tukua ki te mākete ao utu hua oti.

mutunga

Rybczynski Ariā - he putanga whakarei ake o te tauira Heckscher-Ohlin, kia rite ki nei he whenua hoko taonga, mo te hanga o e titau rauemi nui, me kawemai oti hua, e kore e taea e te reira hanga. Economists whakapono e te roha o te kaweake o aua taonga i kua, a na runga i te hoko, kua hokona he kawemai hua taikaha. A, hurihia. Ki te arotahi koe i runga i te kawemai o ngā rauemi mutu, i roto i te oma roa, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā kawemai.