Rironga ki te Russian Central Asia. History mharahara o Central Asia

He torutoru rau tau ki muri, me te ake ki te Revolution whakawhānui te Russian Empire ona rohe wā. Ētahi rohe i piri e mahi hōia (te nuinga o ratou wetekina ana te hoa tauwhainga), te tahi atu - ata. Hei tauira, kua pipiki ki Central Asia Russia kua māmālie, me te mea kohakore. Te nuinga o nga iwi o enei whenua ka tahuri ratou ki te Empire me te tono ki te tango ia ratou. Ko te take matua mō taua - tiaki.

I aua ra, i runga i te rohe o Central Asia i te kāinga ki maha iwi ngä tohetohe me hikihiki. Hei tiaki ia ratou i nga whakaeke o te hoariri kaha, he mea e tika ana ki te haina i te tautoko o te kāwanatanga kaha. Ko te kupu te rohe āta piri to matou whenua. Kia pehea te i hono Central Asia ki Russia? Rawa ka ako ona meka hītori me te kaipānui i tēnei tuhinga.

Ko te tino tikanga tuku iho

Tenei hui te kōrero o mua, rite ki te rironga ki a Russia i katatānga ko Central Asia, e taea te aromatawai i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. I para tuatahi, ko reira matua te raupatu aru e te whakatūnga o te tikanga āhua-koroni. Heoi, Central iwi Āhia, me iwi, te nuinga underdeveloped whakaritea ki nga Pakeha, i te whai wāhi ki te whakawhanake pāpori me ōhanga, me i te tere whakatere. Pononga, turanga patereareha, rawakore whānui me te ta'efā'ūtaha o nga iwi i roto i te mua.

Hoatu e te rironga o Central Asia

whanaketanga Economic me ahurea o te wahi Āhia Central o te kingitanga Russian te Kawanatanga Russian i te mua. i hanga Ahumahi, ko reira hohore i roto i tenei rohe ahuwhenua rawakore. Kei te meatanga ano Agriculture me riro pai atu. E kore e ki te whakahua i te whanaketanga o te hanganga pāpori i roto i te puka o ngā kura, hohipera me whare pukapuka. He tikanga ā-rohe o iwi taketake ngaro e tangata, me te kore e aukati i i hoatu whanaketanga ki te te pai atu o te tuakiri ahurea motu me te whakatōpū o te hapori. Ina e tomo Central Asia te wāhi arumoni Russian, me te kore riro te amiorangi, me te kore i te wāhi taratahi i runga i te mahere, me te wahi ki tonu i-parirau o te kaha Russian Empire.

Tīmata o te whanaketanga o whenua hou

He aha te mea te hītori o Central Asia ki Russia? Ki te titiro koe ki ngā mahere tawhito, ka taea e kite i tetahi te whenua kei roto i te tonga-rawhiti i nga wāhi rohe o tsarist Russia. Ko te Central Asia tenei. hora te reira i Tibet ki te maunga Moana o Kapiana, i nga rohe o Iran ko Afghanistan ki te tonga Urals me Siberia. noho ahau ki reira mo e pā ana ki 5 miriona iwi, i na paerewa hou he nui iti ake i te taupori o tetahi pane nui ao.

I roto i ngā o te whanaketanga ōhanga me te pāpori o nga iwi Āhia Central i rawa rerekē i ia atu. Ko nga rerekētanga matua i roto i nga ara o te pāmu. Ētahi hoatu matua ki mara kararehe, etahi - ahuwhenua, me etahi atu - hokohoko, me te ngā mahi toi. kihai i kahore ahumahi i roto i te titiro. Patriarchy, pononga me te tukino o ariki feudal, ko o ratou apa pou o te hapori i roto i ngā iwi Āhia Central.

He bit o geography

I mua ka nga taonga Āhia Central o te Russian Empire taua, kua wehea ratou ki ngā wāhi motuhake e toru: te Bukhara Emirate, Kokand ko Khiva Khanate. Ko te wahi tupu hokohoko, hanga pokapū hokohoko Bukhara ko Samarkand puta noa i te rohe. Na Central Asia ko te rima āhua kingi. Te reira i Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan ko Kazakhstan.

Nganatanga ki te whakatū whanaunga ōhanga ke ki enei tawhiti i te rohe Russian i whakahaeretia i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XIX. Otiia kihai i te mahi papau. I puta ke katoa, i te whakaritea Ingarangi te whakaekenga o Central Asia. Kua fehangahangai ngā ngākau nuitanga o te mana nui e rua o te mua, me kahore kōwhiringa, engari ki te ārai i te kătahi o nga Ingarangi ki to ratou ake rohe i te Russian Empire.

Ko te ope tuatahi

Ka rite ki te tīmatanga hono Russia i Central Asia? Ko te ako o tenei rohe, o te akoranga, te roa kua whakahaeretia e te strategists hōia. whaia te tuatahi e toru ope take rangimarie Russian i roto i Central Asia. misioni Scientific arahina e N. V. Hanykov, takawaenga - N. P. Ignatev, a Ch Ch Valikhanov ka te matenga o te misioni hokohoko.

meatia tenei katoa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i ngā hoapā ki ke rohe rohe ata. Otiia, i te tau 1863 i te hiahiatanga mo te whakaekenga hōia o te ohipa i roto i te Kokand Khanate. I roto i taua arepurepuraa me haea feudal pakanga aroraa whenua i waenganui i nga iwi nui haere kaha. Ko te hua ko te tikanga ki te patu i ngā hōia Russian.

Ko te whakahaeretanga o hōia Russian tuatahi i roto i Central Asia kua riro he pakanga ki a Tashkent. rahua ia. Ko e rua noa nga tau o te totohe ā-whakawarea te hoariri, a muri i tukua te pa ki runga, kahore he whawhai, ahakoa tautohe etahi hītori e tango tonu nga pakanga iti patu wahi, a ka mate tetahi o ratou Seyit Sultan Khan. He tau i muri mai piri te Tashkent Russian, i hanga Turkestan Kāwanatanga General.

mua atu

Ka rite ki Central Asia ki Russia tupu i muri? Mai i te tau 1867 ki te 1868 ka haere te mahi hōia ki Bukhara. Emir Local i roto i collusion ki te Ingarangi whakaaturia whawhai i runga i Russia. Ko te ope Russian i muri i te raupapa o whakaora i akina atu te hoariri ki te haina i te tiriti te rongo. I mua i te putanga o te Soviet Republic o Bukhara Bukhara ko te pononga o Russia.

roa Khiva Khanate tata rite te taua tae noa ki 1920, i te mea kahore hōia, me te hurihanga i te Army Whero te Khan. I roto i te 1876, ka te wahi o Russia te Kokand Khanate. I 1885 i tata oti te tukanga o hono nga whenua Āhia Central. Ki te whakaahuatia nga ngā i runga, tata haere mai ki te whawhai ki a Ingarani, e kore nei e tīmata anake e tika ana ki te mau tautooraa o diplomats.

rironga o Katatānga

A, no te tīmata i te reira i roto i Central Asia ki Russia? Tuatahi tahuri ki Russia Kazakhstan. timata te rironga o te whenua i roto i nga tau 20 o te rau tau XVIII, i mua i te roa o te haerenga tuatahi ki Central Asia. whakamamaetia State pakanga ki ngā iwi noho tata pērā i Dzhungars. i akina atu tenei he wahi o nga Kazakhs ki te ui mo tokoni Russian. I roto i te 1731 whakaae mana Empress Anna Ivanovna tenei tono Abulhair Khan.

Me mea te reira kia i Khan ana take ake mō te kōrero ki te karauna Russian, no te mea kahore katoa rite i, ko ia i te matenga o te rohe i raro i tona mana. Ko te kupu tonu hikihiki te ati o te whakaekenga.

Āta, ka mau atu sultans o katatānga raraunga Russian. I roto i te 1740, i tetahi atu wahi o te whenua kua piri te Russian Empire. rohe Central me te raki-rawhiti o katatānga kua piri e te hōia, me te wawaotanga tōrangapū, tata i te wa taua rite reira ko te moni i roto i te tahi atu wahi o te rohe o Āhia Central.

Rironga ki te Russian Central Asia roa hoki te maha rau tau. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, etahi o nga wāhi noa ui ki te tango ia ratou, i patua etahi. No te haapapu i konei e taea e te wāhi i roto i te taa ki te taua Britain nui, kua rapu e, Russia ki āwhina i roto i te whanaketanga o te whenua apititia me wāhi kē ki te hanga ngā whakaurunga ahumahi, me te whakahaere. Ko te kupu, hono Russia i Central Asia noa wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te rohe.