Rino i te parahi faikehekehe ngā?

tangata Maloosvedomlonny whakaaro e te matua rauemi hanga o tenei ra, ko te rino. mohio matau e te kupu "whakarewa" e pā ana ki alloys rino-waro - rino, a maka rino. e mea he e ki rauemi tino rerekē e rua, me te tino ngāwari te wehewehe. Heoi, homai te whānui o ngā momo whānui, me te tohu i te rerekētanga raina pai i roto i te hanganga matū e uaua ki te whakatau o etahi o ratou. He mea nui ki te whai pūkenga atu i roto i te tikanga ki te mohio te whakahoki ki te pātai: maka te rino ki te maitai i te rerekē?

maka rino

He hanganga koranu kei roto rino, waro i roto i te nui o 2,14-6,67, whanariki, ūkuikui, konupora, silicon me ētahi atu tāpiritanga, ka karanga poaka rino. timata te hītori o tango, i roto i te Iron Age. He rauemi nui hanganga, te konganuku turanga me te steelmaking katoa.

āhuatanga:

1. Roughness he tae Hāmā hina.
2. Rewa i 1000-1600˚S i runga i te hanganga kei (i runga i toharite mō te ahumahi - 1000-1200˚S rewanga poaka rino ma, me te i pāmahana teitei).
3. Kiato 7200-7600 kg / m ^3.
4. wera motuhake: 540 J / (Ng).
5. pakeke High: 400-650NV.
6. ukanga iti, rawa hu'ahu'a roa'tu ka i raro ki te pēhanga; te uara teitei mo te elongation he kōngohe δ kōngohe rino = 6-12%.
7. kaha iti: 100-200 MPa hoki kōngohe tona uara tae 300-370 MPa, mo etahi kōeke o tiketike - 600-800 MPa.
8. Whakatauira i te maimoatanga wera, engari uaua, me ki te tiaki nui, mai te mea te reira āhuatanga o te tukanga o hangai.
9. Doped te whakamahi i ngā huānga matū pŭpŭ tauturu, engari nui tohu o doping atu fakafaingata'a'ia'i te tukanga tukatuka.
10. āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te weldability pai, machinability pai, āhuatanga makanga pai. Rikarika ki a takahi kore e taea e.
11. Pai abrasion resistance me te waikura resistance.

Rino - te rauemi mō te wāhanga tinana, wae, te mihini hangaia e maka ana. Ko te wāhanga nui o te feedstock mō maitai tango,.

maitai

koranu rino-waro ngā waro i roto i te nui o kore neke atu i 2.14%, me te rino - e kore e iti iho i te 45%, ka karanga te parahi. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua:

1. Whakaene, te mea he tae hiriwa ki te takatu ai motuhake.
2. Rewa i roto i 1450˚S.
3. Ko te kiato ko te i 7700 ki te 7900 kg / m ^3.
4. Ko te kaha wera i te pāmahana rūma o 462 J / (Ng).
5. pakeke iti, he toharite o 120-250 HB.
6. Excellent plasticity: elongation tauwehe δ mō rama rerekē rerekē i roto i 5-35% mō te nuinga - δ≥20-40%.
7. Ko te uara toharite o te kaha kurut mō rauemi hanganga - 300-450 MPa; hoki tiketike-kaha koranu - 600-800 MPa.
8. āhuatanga pai Nireaha ki te ako i te tukatuka wera me te himikotermicheskoy.
9. Tino doped ki ngā āhuatanga matū ki te whakaaro o te huri i ngā āhuatanga, me te whakaaro.
10. mahi Qualitatively nui weldability, pou tarāwaho, me te pēhanga tapahi.
11. Āhuatanga e ātete te waikura iti.

Steel - he alloys hanganga nui i roto i te metallurgy hou, engineering mīhini, te whakatangitangi me te hangarau.

whakatau tatou i te takenga o te kōrero o te momo o

Ka whakaaro nga āhuatanga taipitopito o enei alloys, he reira haumaru ki te whakamahi i te mohio o rino i te rerekē maitai. He fehangahangai ki te ahanoa whakarewa, ruarua tona takenga, auhia haamana'o tonu nga āhuatanga hangarau motuhake matua. Na, ka maka te rino - he rauemi makanga. No te hua reira he rihi ohie, korere mārō, casings mīhini, motors, ngā nui whirihoranga ohie. O ngā wāhanga maitai i hanga o te rahi me te whīwhiwhi katoa, mai tono tenei rikarika ki, takahi, tuhi, okeoke me ētahi atu tikanga mo te whakarewa pēhanga mahi. Ko te kupu, ki te mea i reira te mea he pātai e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te ngā e taea e kore feaa - he maitai tenei. Ki te hiahia i roto i te takenga mai o te kohua nui koutou - te reira rino. Ki te hiahia koe ki te ako i te mea i hanga te whare pūkaha te kawau hake ranei - kia huihui ki kōwhiringa atu mō te aronga rite e rua taea.

āhuatanga Tae me te tātari fragility

I roto i te tikanga ki te mohio me pehea ki te wehe i te rino i te maitai ki te kanohi, e hiahia ana koe ki te mahara e pā ana ki te rerekētanga ataata matua. Hoki te angamaheni Hāmā rino tae hina, me te kakano taratara waho. Steel āhuatanga e te motuhake mo tona hue hiriwa anaana, me te roughness iti.

Ano mōhiotanga nui e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te wehe i te rino i te maitai e ngā, he kōrero e pā ana ki te plasticity o enei rauemi. Ki te kore te workpiece whakamātautau whakarewa ranei ahanoa e whai i te uara nui, ka taea e koe te tamata ia ratou i roto i roto i te kaha me te kōngohe i te faaohiparaa i te kaha a Tūrongo. hu'ahu'a te rino pakarukaru ki mongamonga, i hauā te parahi anake. I roto i te kawenga atu nui whakahaua ki kuru, e whiwhi tītipi rino pai ngā āhua me nga wahi o maitai - nui, te whirihoranga tika.

Tapahia me tāne

Me pēhea te ki te wehewehe rino i te parahi i roto i te kāinga? He mea tika ki te farii i i reira te puehu pai shavings ranei. Mai te parahi he ukanga tiketike, me nga maramara kua reira huru izvivisty. crumbles hoki rino maka ka wiri whenua haea i hanga whati pāpaku me te puehu.

Hoki te puehu taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kōnae huri ranei me tetahi mata iti ki te fakavaivai'i hiahia i roto i te kōrero. Ko te shavings pai hua ki te whakaaro i te ringa, he whārangi ma o te pepa ranei. Kei te rino maka waro i roto i te moni nui i roto i te puka o nodules graphite. Na reira, ka mea komukumuku tona puehu tonu graphite mangu "wahi". Ko te steels waro taua kei roto i te āhua here, na e kore e te pānga pūkaha i runga i te puehu e hoatu i tetahi hua kitea.

Hei wera me koraahi

Me pēhea te ki te wehewehe te rino i te maitai? He mea tika ki te whakahaere i te taputapu e tika ana, me te supply iti o te manawanui.

I roto i te take tuatahi, ka taea e koe huihui ki te whakawera, mo te tauira, mā te whakamahi i te blowtorch, kakahu tuatahi i roto i te kakahu paruru motuhake, me te mātakitaki ture haumaru i te mahi. Me nui haere te pāmahana te aroaro o te tīmatanga o te rewa whakarewa. Kua mea te reira e te pāmahana rino rewa ki runga ake i taua o maitai. Heoi, pā matua tenei ki ma, me te poaka rino. I rama ahumahi katoa - i roto i ratou waro i roto i te nui o kore neke atu i 4.3%, ka ngohe noa kua i 1000-1200˚S. Ko te kupu, ko reira taea ki te ngohe nui tere.

tikanga hinengaro mō te whiwhi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te rino i rerekē maitai ko te whakamahi o te tauira whakamātautau i roto i te mīhini huri, i te Sander awhe whakapeka ranei. kawea Analysis i runga i te āhuatanga o korakora. Hoki maka rino āhuatanga e puhoi korakora whero, a mo te maitai - kanapa tinihangatia hihi ki urukehu ma-kowhai poto.

rite tangi reira

He āhuatanga ngā he mohio ki te rino i te tangi maitai. tangi rerekē ēnei koranu e rua. Ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te whakaputa i te hatere i runga i te whakaurunga whakamātautau ngā. Ko he mea e tika ana ki te whai e rua te tauira kua ite rongo i roto i tenei mea ranei. Steel he kiato teitei, e pā tona tangi. Ki runga pānga reira ki te tangi ahanoa whakarewa he nui atu ponguru atu i roto i te āhuatanga taua ki rino.

Hei mohio, te rino i te rerekē maitai, he mea e tika ana ki te whai i etahi matauranga o enei rauemi me etahi wheako. I muri i te katoa, he ngaio wheako i roto i te mara o rikarika ki, huri, mira, he kōhao, tahuri, maimoatanga wera, ranei fehokotaki'anga, metallurgy ranei kaitoi ki ngāwari wehewehe i waenganui i a ratou, maioha ngā anake i te pa ranei.