Rere atu otaota: hanganga me te mahi

Whēkau o ngā tipu whaipua, nga māngai tino evolutionarily matatau o te rangatiratanga o te natura, he hanganga me te mahi rawa kanorau. Ko te wahi raro o te tipu ka karanga te pakiaka, aboveground - mawhiti. mawhiti te reira i te tipu te mauria i ngā mahi faufaa: utu hau, ahotakakame, tukuwai, whakatö vegetative me tona wāhi tino pai i roto i te pā ana ki te ra.

Origin mawhiti

I roto i te kukuwhatanga o tenei tinana puta i roto i te manene tuatahi ki te whenua - Rhyniophyta. Ko tōna kakau e ngokingoki me manga parawai, rite kiko aunoa i tonu hei painga whakawhanakehia. Otiia ara ki te taua hanganga tahito o te piki mata photosynthetic, e te tikanga e te rauropi tipu pai whakarato warowaihā.

He aha te mea te rere o ngā tipu

i huaina wehewehenga ko te wahi irirangi o te tipu, arā, o te kakau me te rau. He autonomic enei tinana katoa, whakarato tupu, kai tōtika, me te whakaputa uri tōtahi.

hoki kei roto Rere te tipu whekau fare - whatukuhu. E rua ngā momo o te tākihi: vegetative me generative. Kei te momo tuatahi o te kakau embryonic me rau, te tihi o te mea papanga mātauranga (meristem) tuku tihi tupu. Ki te, motu ke i te kakau me te rau tupu kei te timatanga o te puawai inflorescence ranei, e karangatia ana ko generative. I roto i te ahua, te wehewehe i enei puku rahi nui me te āhua porotaka.

Ko te wahi ki te i piri te whārangi i runga i te kakau, ka karanga he kōpuku, me te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōpuku - internode. Ko te koki i waenganui i te kakau me te pepa huaina pakohu.

I roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga i runga i te manga ki reira me te mana kawenga mō te generative (fakasekisualé) reproduction: puawai, hua me te purapura.

Ko te whanaketanga o te tākihi mawhiti

Ki te tīmatanga o ngā āhuatanga pai i roto i te puna o ngā pūtau meristem o te pūwāhi tipu e timata ana ki te faaite. internodes poroa ake i roto i te rahi, e taea e hua i roto i te taitamariki wana o te tipu. I te tihi rawa o te kakau he puku kāpeka. whakarato rātou i tipu tipu i roto i te roa. Axillary me puku adventitious kei roto i te axils rau interstices ranei, aua. Nā ki o ratou puka kakau nga wana taha, t. E. manga.

ara tipu wana

Tei runga i te hanganga, i reira te tahi mau rave'a o te pekapeka wana:

1. Wehewehe. Ko te momo tino tahito o te Pekanga, i nei o te rua, te whakawhanake i te mata o te tupu i ia o ratou e rua, rawa, me ētahi atu Na tupu etahi pükohu me teitei tipu spore: .. Club talingelingá me kaponga.
2. Primopodialnoe. Ka taea te kite i tenei Pekanga rite taua o gymnosperms (rimu, puruhi) me angiosperms (oki, pereni). kakau wa roa o enei otaota tipu i roto i te roa ki te hanganga muri o te Pekanga lateral.
3. Sympodially. Ki tenei tupu apical tikanga, i runga i te anga ke, kua whakatārewatia te reira. Kei te kaha te tipu te puku lateral, te hanga atu me te ake wana taha hou. Pear, here me ētahi atu tipu whaipua ko te tauira angamaheni o tenei momo o te tupu.

wana akatuke'anga

He aha te mea he rere atu i te tipu, me te pehea titiro reira, o te akoranga, e matau ana te katoa. Heoi, maha rapu tikanga taiao te ahua o ngā mahi atu. Ka taea e ngāwari whakarato te reira i whēkau o ngā tipu whaipua. Rere whakarerekē, whiwhi hou hanganga āhuatanga, i roto i tenei take ngā reira o nga wahi o te mawhiti paerewa.

Ko te whakarerekētanga matua o te morehu ngā:

• Māngaro - Ko raro te whenua, te wahi tino tupu whakapae. He internodes elongated me puku, o nei i runga i te mata i roto i te wā pai puta rau. Na reira, i tipu ki rhizomes (rengarenga o te raorao, witi tarutaru, valerian) he reira tino uaua ki te pehea e o. I muri haehae atu nga rau, mawhiti ake tonu i roto i te whenua, tipu ake me te ake.

• Kōpura - he thickening o interstitial he tākihi - kanohi. Ko te māngai e kānapanapa o nga otaota, e hanga i ngā kōpura, ko te rīwai. No te mea tupu te reira i roto i te whenua, kei te maha raruraru reira ki te pakiaka whakarerekētia. Heoi, i reira he kōpura irirangi, mo te tauira, kohlrabi.
• Pihi whakarerekētia te tipu ki te rau pai-whakawhanakehia kei i runga i te kakau flat - - umanga Donets. Āhuatanga o te karika, riki, tulip, rengarenga. I roto i te rau reka roto kohikohi ngā matūkai me te tiaki ratou waho maroke i te kino.
• He tumatakuru - kaitiaki pea, Buckthorn moana, Hawthorn me ētahi atu tipu. Te riroraa i roto i te axils rau, ratou tōtika te tiaki i te otaota i kararehe e hiahia ana ki te kai ratou.
• Pūhihi - whakarerekētia wana mingimingi, te pupuri i ngā tipu i roto i te tetahi tūranga. Kūkamo, karepe, paukena - te tipu tino noa e whakamahi i tēnei pūrere.

• Ngutu - manga ki internodes roa. Rōpere me rōpere vegetatively whakatipuria ai ki te awhina o te ngutu.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te otaota tupu ngā o ngā wāhanga e he functionally kōtuitui o, kia rerekē rite ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te hoatu ia whakato ona ake titiro ahurei.