Reflexes makatuunga - te reira ... Types o reflexes huru. Inhibition o reflexes makatuunga

reflexes makatuunga - he tauhohenga o te tinana katoa, ranei tetahi wahi o taua ki akiaki waho ā ranei. faaite mai ratou ratou i roto i ngaro, paruparu e whakakaha o te tetahi mahi ranei.

reflexes makatuunga - reira kaiāwhina te tinana, taea reira ki te huru hohoro ki tetahi huringa me te urutau ki a ratou.

kōrero

whakarewahia te whakaaro o te pūpū makatuunga i te taha o te philosopho Wīwī, me te pūtaiao Descartes. Ahua i muri, i hanga physiologist Russian Ivan Sechenov me experimentally whakamatauria te ariā hou mo nga tauhohe o te rauropi. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te Pātukitukinga, i mutu ai e te reflexes makatuunga - he tikanga aia e te e kore anake te wāhanga ua. I roto i tona mahi, he wāhi te pūnaha io katoa. Tenei taea ki a koe te pupuri i roto i te pa ki te taiao.

Ako pūpū Pavlov. Tenei kaiputaiao Russian tino i taea ki te whakamārama i te huarahi o te mahi o te uho kaka me tuakoi kaka. I roto i te rau tau wawe XX, whakawhanakehia e ratou te ariā o reflexes huru. Tenei mahi pūtaiao ko he revolution tūturu i roto i te whaiaroaro. whakamatauria Scientists i taua reflexes makatuunga - he tauhohenga o te tinana e kua riro noa i to ratou oraraa, e hāngai ana i runga i te reflexes unconditioned.

instincts

He āhuatanga hoki ia momo o kaiao ora etahi momo o reflexes herekore. Ko ratou i huaina instincts. He tino matatini etahi o ratou. He tauira o tenei e taea te mahi kia rite ki te pi, e whakarewa pūtau, ranei he manu, ohanga mingimingi. Nā ki te aroaro o te tinana instincts he taea ki te urutau optimally ki te tikanga taiao.

reflexes Unconditioned he hohonu. E riro ratou. I tua atu, kei te tuku e ratou ki te kāwai momo, mai e noa ki te mau melo katoa o te tetahi momo ratou. He pūmau instincts me tonu puta noa i te ora. puta ratou ki akiaki rawaka, e kua piri ki te mara farii kotahi motuhake. Physiologically e katia reflexes unconditioned i roto i te kakau roro i te taumata o te tari, me te ua. kitea anatomically whakahuatia ratou e te pewa pūpū.

Ko te makimaki, me te tangata, faaohipa ratou nui o nga reflexes unconditioned matatini e taea waho te whai wāhitanga o te uho kaka. A, no te puta ofatiraa o te tapatahi o ona huringa pathological reflexes unconditioned, me etahi o ratou ngaro noa.

instincts whakarōpū

He tino kaha reflexes Unconditioned. i raro i anake etahi tikanga, ka riro kōwhiringa ratou whakapuaki, ka taea e ratou ngaro. Hei tauira, rata e pā ana ki toru rau tau ki muri, kātahi tēnei wā kua kore parapara ki kohanga. Ko nga momo e whai ake nei o reflexes unconditioned:

- Ko te parapara o te whaiaro-tiaki, i te mea whakautu a te tinana ki te whānuitanga o ngā whakaohooho tinana ranei matū. Taua whakaaro, i roto i te tahuri, kia puta te rohe (withdrawal ringa) ranei ki te kia faingataa (rere atu i te ati).
- Food parapara e meinga matekai, me te hiahia. Tenei pūpū unconditioned ngā he mekameka katoa o ngā mahi whai - i te kimi taonga ki te patu i te reira, a tonu te kai.
- instincts Mātua me te takoto e pā ana ki te tiaki me te tārua o te momo.

- Whakamarietia parapara te taviniraa ki te mau tonu te tinana i roto i te viivii ore (kaukau, rakuraku, wiri, me ētahi atu).
- parapara Ngā ka tahuri ki te kanohi whakahihiko me upoko. Ko te tika tenei pūpū mo te tiaki o te ora.
- Ko te parapara o te haere noa, e te tino mārama whakahuatia i roto i te whanonga o te kararehe i roto i te whakarau. e hiahia ana ratou tonu ki te wahi i noa, a maha mate i fakafisi kai me te wai.

Ko te putanga o reflexes makatuunga

I roto i te ora o instincts riro ki te tāpiri i te tauhohe riro. E huaina ratou reflexes makatuunga. E riro ratou e te tinana kia rite ki te hua o te whanaketanga takitahi. Ko te pūtake mo te reflexes makatuunga ko te wheako te ora. Rerekē enei instincts tauhohenga takitahi. kia waiho ratou hakari i roto i te tahi mau melo o te momo, me te ngaro i roto i ētahi atu. I tua atu, i te pūpū makatuunga ko te tauhohe e kore e taea te paturuhia i runga i te ora. I raro i etahi tikanga e hua ai, whakaritea, riro te reira. Ko te reflexes makatuunga - he tauhohenga e kia puta ki ngā whakaohooho, piri receptor ki mara rerekē. I roto i tenei rerekē ratou i instincts.

katia te tikanga o te pūpū makatuunga te i te taumata o te uho kaka. Ki te tango koe i te reira, ka noho anake te parapara.

makatuunga hanganga pūpū e wahi i runga i te pūtake o herekore. Hei kawe i tenei tukanga he tika ki te makona etahi tikanga. Ko te kupu kia ngā tetahi huringa i roto i te taiao o waho ki te wa te āhua ā-o te tinana, me te kaka uho mohio a tukutahi ki te tauhohenga i mahi rauropi mutunga. Anake i roto i tenei take, he faaitoitoraa makatuunga tohu ranei e whai wāhi ana ki te putanga o te pūpū makatuunga.

tauira

Hoki te ahua o te tauhohenga tinana rite huware i roto i waea maripi me marau, me ka patoto kapu mō te kai kararehe (i roto i te tangata, me te kuri, aua), toutou he titauraa te tāpiritanga o te raraunga tangi ki te tukanga o te kai.

Waihoki, mowhiti āhua whakawhiti i te umanga, ka meinga flexing wae o kuri, ki te puta enei ari toutou, haere tahi i te whakaongaonga hiko o waewae o te kararehe, i puta rite ki te hua o te flexion kahuki momo herekore ranei.

pūpū makatuunga Ko te piunga o te tamaiti kakau te ahi, me te muri karanga. Heoi, ka tango i enei ngā wahi anake, ki te te momo o te ahi, ara kotahi, orua ki weranga.

wāhanga o tauhohe

whakautu o te tinana ki te faaitoitoraa ko te huringa i roto i te manawa, secretion, nekehanga, me te pera i runga i. D. Ka rite ki te tikanga, reflexes unconditioned he tauhohe rawa matatini. Ko te aha ngā rave rahi wāhanga i roto i to ratou hanganga. Hei tauira, haere tahi te pūpū ārai e kore anake te nekehanga ārai, engari ano hoki manawa tere, mahi whakatere o te uaua ngakau, huringa i roto i te hanganga toto. kia puta tenei me te reo whakautu. Ko te pūpū kai, i reira e ano romahā, secretory, me ngā wāhanga Cardiovascular.

tauhohenga Herenga te tikanga whakaputa uri hanganga unconditioned. Ko e tika ana ki te excitation o nga whakaohooho o te pokapū karere ano tenei.

Whakarōpū o reflexes makatuunga

whakautu tinana whiwhi ki ngā whakaohooho wehea e te momo. Etahi o nga whakarōpūtanga ngā e hira i roto i hei whakaoti rapanga ariā, engari mahi ano hoki e kore e anake. Kotahi tono matauranga raraunga ko te mahi hākinakina.

tauhohenga tinana Natural, me te horihori

He reflexes makatuunga e puta i raro i te mahi o tohu āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga tamau whakaohooho unconditioned. He tauira ko te tirohanga, me te kakara o te kai. He taiao peheé urupare makatuunga. E āhuatanga ratou e te tere, me te whakaputa i te ātete nui. kia puritia ai reflexes Natural, ara i roto i te ngaro o atu ngā puta noa te ora. Ko te uara o te pūpū makatuunga ki te nui tino i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te ora o te rauropi, ina faa'aano reira ki tona taiao.
Heoi, e taea te mahi i te tauhohenga i me whānui tohu tau'a pērā i kakara, oro, huringa pāmahana, marama, a na reira i runga i. E. kore e ratou whakaohooho i vivo. E huaina e tauhohe taua horihori. E whakawhanakehia āta ratou, a i roto i te ngaro o ngā hohoro ngaro. Hei tauira, tāwhaiwhai reflexes huru o te tangata - he tauhohenga ki te tangi pere, he pa ki te kiri, he vaivai whakapakari ranei o te rama, aha ...

Ko te tikanga tuatahi, me te teitei

Kei reira ētahi momo o reflexes makatuunga, e kua hanga e runga i te pūtake o herekore. Tenei tauhohenga tuatahi-kia. He kāwai teitei. Ko te kupu, tauhohe e kua whakaputaina i runga i te pūtake o te reflexes herenga ngā, e pā ana ki te tauhohe o te tikanga teitei. Me pēhea e whakatika ratou? I roto i te hanga i taua reflexes herenga puta e pai whakaritea ngā tau'a tohu makatuunga whakaohooho.

Hei tauira, i roto i te puka o te ritenga karanga tonu whakapakaritia e te kai. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he whanaketanga o te pūpū makatuunga o te tikanga tuatahi. I tona pūtake ka taea te noaa te tauhohenga me i te tahi atu whakahihiko, hei tauira, ki te marama. Tenei ka waiho he pūpū makatuunga o tuarua te tikanga.

tauhohe takatika me te tōraro

Ka taea e reflexes makatuunga pā te mahi o te rauropi. He pai taua tauhohe. Faaiteraa o reflexes huru o ngā raraunga taea e mahi secretory nekeneke ranei. Ki te kore he reira te mahi o te tinana, ka i whakarōpūtia te tauhohenga rite tōraro. Hoki urutaunga ki te rerekē haere tonu tikanga o te taiao, me te kotahi, me te rua o nga momo he o faufaa nui.

I roto i tenei take, i reira he ratou hononga tata, rite rawa tukinotia etahi ki runga ki takanga kotahi momo o mahi. Hei tauira, ka te whakahau tangi "tahuri!", Ko nga uaua i roto i te tetahi tūranga. Ko te kupu braked tauhohe nekeneke (rere, e haere ana, me pera i runga i. D.).

Ko te tikanga o te hanganga

puta reflexes makatuunga i raro i te mahi tukutahi o te faaitoitoraa makatuunga me te pūpū unconditioned. I roto i tenei take, kia whakarite i koutou etahi tikanga:

- unconditioned pūpū biologically kaha;
- he faaiteraa o te faaitoitoraa makatuunga, paku mua o te mahi o te parapara;
- te whakahihiko makatuunga tika tautokona e te mahi o te unconditioned;
- Me kia ara te tinana, me te kia hauora;
- Kia mau te huru o te ngaro o whakaohooho no rapae, te whakaputa mahi karo.

Ko nga pokapū o te reflexes makatuunga i roto i te uho kaka, te whakatū i te hononga rangitahi (poto-circuiting) i waenganui ia ratou. I roto i tenei take, ka mohio te ritenga e neurons cortical, e ko te wahi o te pewa o te pūpū unconditioned.

Inhibition o ngā urupare makatuunga

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite whanonga tika o te rauropi, me ki urutau pai ki te taiao o tetahi o conditioning kore e e nui. Me hoki te akoranga ritenga o te mahi. Ko ratou inhibition o te reflexes makatuunga. Ko te tukanga o te whakakore i nga tauhohe o te kaiao i roto i nei ehara i te mea e tika ana tenei. E ai ki te ariā whakawhanakehia e Pavlov, te wehe etahi momo o inhibition cortical. Ko te tuatahi o ratou pā herekore. tae mai te reira i rite te whakautu ki te mahi o tetahi faaitoitoraa ke. He he ano hoki te braking ā-. Kei te karangatia e te reira i te herenga.

inhibition waho

Tenei ingoa, riro te whakautu i roto i te hononga ki te meka e tona āwhina whanaketanga ki te tukanga tango wahi i roto i aua wahi o te uho, e kore e nei i tango i te wahi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te mahi pūpū. Hei tauira, he kakara, oro rama ranei huringa ke ki te aroaro o te tīmatanga o te pūpū kai kia whakaiti i tona whai wāhi ki te ngaro ranei. faaitoitoraa New Ko te arai ki te whakautu makatuunga.

Ka taea te to'o reflexes alimentary me akiaki mauiui. whakatairanga braking tinana tauhohe waipuke tōngāmimi, emesis, ngā tukanga inflammatory me te t ā. D. tautāwhi ratou katoa reflexes kai.

inhibition ā-

Puta reira ka kore e tautokona te tohu riro e te faaitoitoraa unconditioned. inhibition ā-o reflexes makatuunga puta ki te, hei tauira, te kararehe i roto i te ra i mua i te kanohi ia wā ngā he umanga hiko, i waho mau mai ki te kai. Kei te experimentally whakamatauria te reira e ka peka wa katoa hanga huware. Ka rite ki te hua, tineia te tauhohenga rawa. Heoi, riro te pūpū, kahore te wahi. Ia falters noa. Kua hoki i kï reira experimentally.

Ka taea te nekehia atu inhibition makatuunga o nga reflexes makatuunga te ra i muri. Heoi, ki te kore te tenei mahi, tauhohenga o te tinana ki te faaitoitoraa, ka ngaro ake ake.

Momo inhibition ā-

Whakarōpū te maha o ngā momo o te tauhohenga whakakorenga ki whakaohooho. Na, i runga i te ngaro o te reflexes makatuunga e kore noa e hiahiatia, ko reira o ngaro i roto i nga tikanga i homai. He ko tetahi momo o tenei āhuatanga. Tenei braking motuhake pārōnaki ranei. Hei tauira, ka taea e te kararehe wehewehe i waenganui i te maha o ngā patu o te metronome, i roto i nei e kawea e ia te kai. Tenei puta, ka whakawhanakehia mua te pūpū makatuunga. Animal wehewehe whakaohooho. Ko te pūtake o tēnei tauhohenga, me inhibition ā rongoa.

Ko te uara o tauhohe whakakore

inhibition makatuunga whai wāhi nui i roto i te ora o te rauropi. Ngā mihi ki a ia, Ko pai nui te tukanga o te urutaunga ki te taiao. Taea o te takotoranga i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga uaua homai he huinga o te whakaongaonga me te inhibition e e rua momo o te tukanga neural kotahi.

mutunga

reflexes makatuunga, i reira e ta'efakangatangata tokomaha. Ko ratou te tauwehe e whakatau te whanonga o te rauropi ora. Ki te awhina o reflexes makatu'unga o kararehe, me te tangata ki te urutau ki to ratou taiao.

He maha tohu autaki o tauhohe, e whai te uara tohu. Hei tauira, he kararehe, i mohio te huarahi o te ati, i roto i te ara etahi hanga tona whanonga.

Ko te tukanga o te hanganga o reflexes makatuunga, e no ki te tikanga teitei, ko te kōtuitui o hononga rangitahi.

te mau parau tumu Basic me ture whakakitea i roto i te hanganga o kahore matatini anake, engari ano hoki o tauhohe pūmotu, ko te taua hoki kaiao ora katoa. whai te reira i te mutunga nui o te rapunga whakaaro me te pūtaiao e te roro tangata e kore e taea e ū ki te ture whānui o te koiora. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e taea te tautika ako reira. Heoi, kia whanau ai i roto i te ngakau e whai i te āhuatanga kounga me te rerekētanga taketake i te mahi o te roro kararehe te roro tangata.