Rahui o Commander. State Nature Kōhaumataora Reserve

I roto i te 1741, he ope arahina e Commander Vitus Bering, kitea i nga Islands Commander. Hoki te wa roa i nohoia e ratou. timata nga tāngata tuatahi creoles me Aleuts, e timata ana ki te tūhura i te motu i roto i te 1825. I teie mahana te kainga o Nikolskoye i runga i te moutere o Bering - kainga Aleut, te tetahi anake i roto i te Russian Federation.

Mai i te hītori o te rāhui

I roto i ngā wā emepaea ko te Islands Commander kaituku huruhuru ki te taonga o te kingi. Kua arahina tono whakakeke hoki kararehe ki te whakangaromanga papatipu o kekeno, e nui heke ratou tau. I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, timata mahi i runga i te tiaki rookeries, i whakaurua nga here tuatahi i runga i te hanga o kekeno huruhuru me otters moana. Mana ki runga i to ratou ika whakaaetia i roto i 1911.

Nui ake te āhuatanga i roto i te wa Soviet. I te tau 1958 ka rāhuitia e ia te hī toru tekau maero huri noa i te motu. Kua puta te rahui tuatahi o te faufaa rohe i runga i tenei whenua i roto i 1980.

Ko te ingoa "Commander National Park" me te mana o te Federal riro ia i roto i April 1993. I roto i te 2002 riro ia te mana o "ao koiora", i te mea i raro i te tiaki a UNESCO.

tauwāhi

Kei Commander Reserve te i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Kiwa. rohe tona rohe kei runga i te tonga o te Moana Bering. Commander Islands - ko te pito ki te hauauru o te motu o te pewa Aleutian. Ko ratou te keokeonga o tupuke raro, me ngā o te 15 motu o ngā rahi.

Kamchatka, Islands Commander

Fele te u ai reira toka iti. Ko te nui rawa o ratou - te motu o Bering. Ko tōna tihi teitei - he maunga Steller, ko tona roa e ko 755 mita. Hoki he mea e tika ana ki te tohatoha i te motu picturesque o Parahi. Ko te motu papatahi, me te iti.

Komandorskii-Aleutian pewa tito o toka puia. I enei motu, e kore e whakaritea mahi puia, a tino maha tupu ru. Tenei tremors iti (uaua tae 5-6).

Rahui "Commander": whakaahuatanga

Ko ia te tinomoutere Commander. Tenei rohe Aleutian (Kamchatka Krai). Kei roto te reira i a wai takutai o te Moana Bering me te Moananui a Kiwa. Ko te rohe katoa o te rāhui - 3.648.679 heketea. Tenei rohe ngā 3.463.300 heketea o te rohe moana, me te 185 379 ha o whenua.

Kei te rāhui i roto i te tonga o te motu o Bering. I tua atu, e te reira Arius Stone moutere ko te moutere Parahi, e kua whakaritea i roto i te rōpū whāiti ki te rawhiti o Kamchatka.

Kei te wehea Commander Rahui ki ngā wāhanga, e kua tiakina i roto i rerekē nekehanga:

• matua tiakina, te wahi e rāhuitia mahi a te tangata, me tona wawaotanga i roto i ngā tukanga māori;
• rohe papare, i whakaaetia iti hī me te mahi ohaoha kanohi.

ngā takiwā makariri

He Commander Islands i roto i te neledovitoy te wahi tonga o te Moana Bering. Tenei ko raumati tino hauhautanga me te toetoe ngā ngawari. Tata ki te katoa marama i reira he ra ina kei te pupuhi te hau ki runga ki te motu ki te tere nui - neke atu i te 108 kiromita ia haora.

Ko te whāinga, me ngā mahi o te rāhui

I te rahui o te Commander whakaritea ngā mahi motuhake:

• tiaki o ngā wāhi tūturu me wai moana pātata ki reira, ki te tiaki i te āhua tūturu o ngā taiao;
• rangahau, te whakahaere pukapuka o te natura;
• aroturuki taiao, me te mātauranga taiao;
• te whakataki i roto i te rohe o te mahi whakahaere rāhui ao koiora e kore e e whakangaro i te taiao, me te kore e te whaiwhaiā i ngā rauemi koiora;
• whakatairanga i te tiaki o te tuku iho hītori, ahurea me te matawaka.

Nā ki te kanorau koiora o otaota moana, me kararehe, wai kore-mīti i roto i te hotoke te rohe ko te wahi o te kai i te maha nui o manu wai, te aroaro o tata wharengaro, onge me te kōtore momo o manu me whāngote. Kamchatka rohe e kore ōrite i runga i te uara rāhui.

tipu

Nga me te ao kararehe o te rohe ngā 383 momo o tipu iaia me 158 - pükohu. Na roto i te Motu Commander, te rohe ki te rawhiti o te rohe, te wahi horapa 93 ngā momo o te tipu onge. E kore ngahere. I tetahi wāhi o Commodores nuinga Tundra. Anake wā e taea te kitea i konei Rowan riki tupuria me wirou. Kei raro kei te tipu haere ratou dogwood Swedish, luazeleriya recumbent, crowberry pango, phyllodoce Aleutian me te puru.

Otaota i roto i te rāhui māngai humenga raznotsvetkovoy, pōkai viviparous, goldthread toru-sheeted, horsetail makariri. maha mamae humenga raznotsvetkovaya no o tona ataahua. Kei te maha ēnei puawai rerekē poroa e hanga bouquets, ahakoa te meka e he paitini te whakato.

He hoki atu rakau iti: whakatika tupoushkovy kai hunipa Siberian, rewarewa me te mohoao.

I roto i te wahi kai tupu wiwi dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, hereniama pushistotsvetkovaya, iris setosa, makawe tarutaru whanoke.

kararehe

āhuatanga Rahui o Commander te momo nui o kararehe. He i rēhita 25 momo o kararehe, 25 - ika, 213 - manu. whāngote teretetiera, i reira e ono ngā momo o konei. Ko tenei te mink American, pokiha puru Mednovskiy, kiore hina, vole whero-te papahewa, kiore whare, te renitia. noho ratou katoa te Bering moutere.

Rawa pai-mohiotia rāhui āhua tiakina e rookeries nui o kararehe moana, raiona moana me raiona moana raki. Enei kararehe hanga rookery tahi - mano o tautau i runga i uta.

Kekeno no ki te momo o hiri i ngakia. Ko te momo moana tino maha, i whakakororia te rāhui i roto i te ao tenei. He torutoru i roto i te rāhui Komandorsky Northern raiona moana (raiona). hiri purepure - hiri he rawa onge hoki kararehe Islands. ora ratou i runga i nga toka takutai me pari o te motu. Tenei kararehe moana o te ataahua faahiahia, me te aroha noa ki te tae te ngira.

Anthurium - na reira i huaina kekeno motu no ki te rōpū o kekeno. I te tahi taime i huaina te kararehe ko "hiri-puawai" no te mea o te tae kiri rerekē: i runga i whakamararatia he papamuri hina parauri pouri ranei pāti nui kōwhai me te ma i roto i te puka o mowhiti. Anthurium - kararehe onge, na ratou kei raro i te tiaki kāwanatanga.

Kamchatka (Russia) te nuinga nohoia e te ora moana. tohorā whai ngutu o tenei rangatira, paikea, tohora puru raki, me ētahi atu.

I roto i te Komandorsky tiaki Rahui te taupori te kōtore o te pokiha puru (pokiha neke). He tonu o te ati, me te pakanga ngau kino te ora o enei kararehe. Tata 40% o papi pokiha puru e patua. Etahi o ratou wahia iho i te toka, patua ratou tahi atu konihi nui.

manu

Reserve Commander - pae kōhanga o te moana, me te wai manu, me te te mutu o te Waterfowl me kautü e i roto i te hekenga. Falcon kohanga i runga i te motu, koekoea hanamā-parirau, Peregrine whatura, whero-Clitocybe.

Tonu ohanga konei e pā ana ki te miriona manu, māngai o iwa momo. He fulmars, murre noa, guillemots pango noa, patiti te nuinga. Kei te pera te ingoa Fulmars mo te ti'aturihia e: e kore e ratou wehi o te tangata. He patiti, pito mate ranei, na ka karanga hoki o te āhua moku, o te ngutu, i te mea tino rite ki te titaha. E ratou te ingoa tuarua - kaka moana. I roto i te wā kahui, he ara atu poitirere te tae kua kanapa o enei manu.

I roto i te rapu o te kai, ka taea e enei manu ruku ki rire nui (ki runga, ki te 10 m). noho ratou raro hoki ki runga ki te rua meneti, te ika, te roa e kore ka mau tukua. Ratou e taea e te wā kotahi mau i roto i tona waha ki runga ki te 12 ika.

tāpoi

I teie mahana, he maha nui o to tatou hoa tangata me manuhiri i ki waho mai ki rahui o te Commander, ki te faahiahia i te āhua faahiahia o enei wahi. I roto i te rāhui e whakaritea ara hīkoi e te tauturu i ki mauruuru i te kanorau o te wao nui a. rere ara i runga i Bering moutere me te konukura maheni ki te manu motu Toporkov me Ary Kamen.

I tua atu, i konei e taea kite koe i nga wahi hītori e korero e pā ana ki te hītori o to tatou whenua. I roto i Noema 1741 te pākete-poti "Saint Pita", i arahina e Commander Vitus Bering, i maka atu i runga i ngā pūkawa takutai i roto i te tupuhi nui.

Nga motu, i muri mai te ingoa nei i te Commander, ka wahi o Russia, me te Alaska me te tahi atu motu katoa o te pewa Aleutian. Na te taua motu koraha, ka ko Bering Island, te rerenga whakamutunga mo te rangatira nui, me ana hoa pono.

I roto i te tau 1867, Alaska me te Motu Aleutian i hokona ki te US, me hē anake i roto i te tohu o te raraunga matawhenua i roto i te kirimana, whakaaro kua tonu te motu mō te Russia.

I muri ngā whaipara tangata (1922), i kitea te puni ope rongonui, me te tanumanga. I whakahaere te reira i āta tanu o te rōpū, me te o te Commander Bering. Mai reira, hei te Commander kokoru kua tino ataahua ki ngā tūruhi te hunga e hiahia ana ki te koropiko i te kairangahau Russian mata'u ore ki te rua te ope taua Kamchatka.

aratau rāhui

Ahakoa riro atu me te ake pai te āhuarangi pakeke ki te haere ki te moutere o Commander katoa tau. Ko te marama tino pai ki te haere ki enei wahi ko Hōngongoi, August me Mahuru. I teie mahana, whakawhanakehia te torutoru ara ngā i roto i te rāhui. I tua atu, ka taea e te tiki e koe i te haere ki te tirotiro i nga rookeries o whāngote. Here ka kite koe i te maha nui o kararehe, me te kia taea ki te hanga i te whakaahua nui.

whiwhi i reira

I mua i te Motu Commander taea te tae i te rererangi, topatopa i te moana ranei. Mai i Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ki te moutere o Bering whai koe ki te hinga 735 kiromita. haere Marine i Rahui o te Commander whakaritea tonu.

te wahi ki te noho

Ka rite ki te tikanga, kua ū tūruhi mo i roto i te kainga o Nikolskoye te po. Tino maha, te ngā o te haerenga wai whakahere noho i roto i ruma whakamarie o kaipuke.