Pūtukatuka aronui: te whakaahuatanga, te parau tumu o te mahi

rorohiko aronui, i te iti rawa i roto i te ariā, ki te whakahua i te tahi tau ahuru matahiti. momo Modern o mihini e whakamahi rehe kore-puāwaitanga mō te whāwhā pea moni aamu o raraunga, kua riro te pakaruhanga nui. E ai ki nga ngā, ko pea ratou whakatinanatanga te hangarau tino mātanga ake hanga. pūtukatuka aronui mahi i ngā taumata o te mea, o nei kua mohiotia te taata tau 100 anake i mua. He nui te pūmanawa o taua tātaitanga. Mā te āhuatanga aronui rerekē ka tere ake nga tātai, kia maha ngā mahi e te hunga tēnei wā rorohiko puāwaitanga kore e taea ki te te whakatau. A i te mara o te matū me ngā rauemi pūtaiao e kore anake. Kei te whakaatu hoki Wall Street moni.

Haumi i roto i te heke mai

Kua haumi CME Group te kamupene Vancouver 1QB Information Technologies Inc., whakawhanake pūmanawa mō te momo Quantum pūtukatuka. E ai ki pūtea, e pea ki te whai i te pānga nui i runga i te ahumahi, i mahi ki nui o ngā raraunga tairongo ki te wa i enei tātai. He tauira o taua kiritaki he pūtahi pūtea. haumi Goldman Sachs i D-Wave Systems, me te kamupene i roto i-Q-Teremera utua e te CIA. Ko te tuatahi manufactures mīhini e hanga huaina te mea ko te "kōpeke ana aronui", arā. Whakatau E. te raruraru arotautanga taumata-iti mā te whakamahi i te pūtukatuka aronui. Kei te whai wāhi hoki Intel i haumi i roto i tenei hangarau, ahakoa whakaaro reira te whakatinanatanga o te mahi heke mai.

He aha te mahi i te reira?

Ko te take e he pera whakaongaonga rorohiko aronui, takoto i roto i to ratou ngā tino ki te ako mīhini. I tēnei wā, ko reira te tono matua mō taua tātaitanga. Tetahi wahi ko te putanga tenei o te whakaaro o te rorohiko aronui - te whakamahi i te pūrere tinana ki te rapu mō rongoā. I te tahi taime faataa te ariā i te hi'oraa o te kēmu Angry. Ki te whakatau i te pāhekoheko o te mahara, me te whakamahi papa colliding ahanoa PTM whārite pāngarau. hoatu Quantum pūtukatuka tenei huarahi i runga i tona matenga. Ratou "maka" he torutoru manu, ka mataara te aha tupu. I microchip tuhituhi mahi: reira ko te manu, maka ratou ki ta te trajectory tino pai? Na ka tirohia nga rongoā taea katoa, ranei i te iti rawa i te huinga rawa nui o ratou, ka hoatu te whakahoki te. I roto i te aronui rorohiko e faatiti'aifarohia raruraru kore te mathematician, nga ture o te mahi ahupūngao hei utu.

Pehea e mahi i te reira?

Ko te poraka taketake hanga o to tatou ao - te aronui-aunoa. Ki te titiro koe ki te rāpoi ngota, te take hoki e hanga e ratou, a noho pūmau - te pāhekoheko o te orbitals irahiko. E roto tātai aronui-mīhini katoa i roto i ia o ratou. Ratou tau tupu ake i ē te maha o ngā irahiko whakataruna. Hei tauira, ki te 50 irahiko tīariari i roto i ngā kōwhiringa 50-tohu e rua. Tenei phenomenally tau nui, kia kore e taea e tātai te reira i teie mahana. Hononga mōhiohio ariā ki te ahupūngao taea tohu te ara ki te whakaoti i taua raruraru. Ka taea e 50 rorohiko kubitovnomu rave i te reira.

Dawn o te wā hou

E ai ki a Landon Downs, peresideni me tahi-kaiwhakarewa o 1QBit, pūtukatuka aronui - he reira taea ki te whakamahi i te mana tukatuka o te ao ira, he reira hira ki te whiwhi rauemi hou te hanga o ngā rongoā hou ranei. He he he neke i te tauira o te kitea ki te wā hou o te hoahoa. Hei tauira, e taea te whakamahi rorohiko aronui ki te whakatauira kaiwhakakökï e tukua ki te tango waro me te hauota i te kōhauhau, ka ko te kupu te āwhina mutu mahanatanga o te ao.

I te mua o te ahunga whakamua

Ko te tino hihiri, me te mahi pukumahi hapori o ngā o tenei hangarau. Teams huri noa te ao i roto i te tīmatanga-ups, corporations, whare wänanga me hangahanga kāwanatanga e hanga he motokā iwi, e whakamahi rerekē huarahi ki te tukatuka mōhiohio aronui. Hanga qubits superconducting qubit me te tītipi i runga i nga katote horo, i whai wāhi kairangahau i te University o Maryland me te National Institute o Paerewa me te Hangarau. whakawhanake Microsoft huarahi topological huaina Station Q, te whakaaro o te mea ki te tono kore-Abelian anion nei oraraa kua kore i conclusively kï.

Tau pakaruhanga pea

Na ko anake te timatanga tenei. I te mutunga o Mei 2017 te maha o quantum-momo pūtukatuka e ahurei te mahi te tahi mea tere ranei pai atu i te rorohiko puāwaitanga, he kore. Ka whakaturia tenei hui te "painga i aronui", engari na tawhiti e kore kua tupu te reira. Ahakoa ko reira pea e tenei i taea e tupu rite wawe rite tenei tau. ka mea te nuinga o insiders e Google ko te tino mārama o te rōpū, arahina e Ahorangi o Physics, University o California i Santa Barbara, John Martin. Ko tōna whakaaro - ki te whakatutuki i rorohiko pai ki te awhina o 49-qubit pūtukatuka. Na roto i te mutunga o Mei pai whakamatauria 2017 kapa te maramara 22-qubit hei taahiraa takawaenga ki te tuuraki o supercomputer puāwaitanga.

Pehea te reira katoa i timata?

Ko te whakaaro o te whakamahi i rehe aronui mō te tukatuka mōhiohio mō ngā tekau tau. puta tetahi o nga ngā matua i roto i 1981, ka tahi whakaritea IBM me MIT he amuiraa i runga i te ahupūngao tātai. Ko te ahupūngao rongonui Richard Feynman whakaarohia ki te hanga i te rorohiko aronui. E ai ki a ia, mo te whaihanga me tango painga o nga tikanga o rehe aronui. A te reira he wero nui, no te mea e kore e titiro reira na ngāwari. I roto i te pūtukatuka aronui hāngai parau tumu whakahaere i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga ke o ngota - superposition me te mau meti'a. Ka taea e te matūriki kia i roto i āhua e rua i te wa kotahi. Heoi, ka ine, ka waiho i te reira noa tetahi o ratou. A e kore e taea ki te matapae i roto i nei, i te tirohanga o te ariā o te tūponotanga anake. Tenei pānga Ko te pūtake o te whakamātau whakaaro ngeru o Schrödinger, i te mea i roto i te pouaka wā kotahi mate, me te ora rite te roa rite te kaimātakitaki, ko te kore ki te aere kowhetewhete. Kahore mahi i roto i te ora ia rā i roto i tenei ara. Heoi, e pā ana ki te 1 miriona o ngā whakahaere mai i te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, whakaatu e te tīariari te hanganga. Na kei te aperaa i te taahiraa i muri i roto i te pehea ki te whakamahi i tenei ariā.

pūtukatuka aronui: whakaahuatanga mahi

kia whai i te uara 0 ranei 1 paraire Classic, he reira taea ki te tini tau, te utu pikitia, me te pera i runga i. hoki e taea e N. Qubit e 0 ki te mahue ratou i te aho i roto i "kuwaha arorau" (d. AND, OR, NOT, me ētahi atu), 1 e rua ranei. Ki te, mea, mau 2 qubit, hanga ana e ia a ratou tino ia faatanohia. pato pūtukatuka aronui taea te whakamahi i tatau arorau. T. N. Hadamard kuwaha, mo te tauira, e te qubit i roto i te āhua superposition o tino. Ki te ngā superposition me mau meti'a ki totoa tūnga kuwaha aronui, e timata ana ki te kauwhau i te pūmanawa o tātaitanga iti-ngota. 2 tukua te ako o te 4 āhua qubit: 00, 01, 10 me te 11. Ko te parau tumu mahi o te pūtukatuka quantum taua e mahi o ngā mahi arorau hanga reira taea ki te mahi ki te tūranga katoa i kotahi. Na te maha o āhua e wātea ana ko 2 ki te mana o te maha o qubits. Na, ki te hanga koe i te 50-qubit rorohiko aronui ao, ko reira taea takahi ki te titiro katoa 1.125 quadrillion ngā wā kotahi.

Kudity

pūtukatuka aronui i roto i te Russia kite i te iti rerekē. Scientists i MIPT me pokapū aronui Russian hanga "kudity" e tohu e rave rahi "mariko" qubits ki ngā "pūngao" taumata.

tīwera

pato pūtukatuka aronui he te painga i hāngai rehe aronui te i runga i nga amplitudes. He amplitudes tūponotanga rite, engari kia hoki kia ratou kino, me tau matatini. Na, ki te hiahia koe ki te tātai i te tūponotanga o te hui, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i nga mea katoa o te kaha tīwera o ratou kōwhiringa whanaketanga. Ko te whakaaro o te rorohiko aronui he ki te ngana ki te tatū te tauira pokanoa kia taua i etahi o nga ara ki whakautu he he kaha tīwera pai, me etahi - he kino, na e whakakore ratou tahi i te tahi. He ara ārahi ki te whakahoki tika e whai amplitudes e kei roto i te wāhanga ki ia atu. Ko te whakapati Ko e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarite i nga mea katoa, kahore he mohio i roto i mua he aha te whakahoki he tika. Na taupū āhua aronui i roto i ngā ki te pūmanawa o pokanoa i waenganui i nga amplitudes pai, me te kino, ko te painga o tenei momo o te tätaitanga.

hātepe o kau

He maha ngā mahi e taea ana ki te whakatau i te rorohiko he. Ko te hunga i whakamunatanga. Ko te raruraru ko te e kore e pera ngāwari ki te kitea te āhuatanga pirimia o te tau 200-mati. Ahakoa, ki te te rere i te pona ki te pūmanawa pai, kia whai koe ki te tatari mo te ki tau kitea te whakahoki. Na reira, tetahi taumata i roto i te rorohiko aronui kua meinga he hātepe papatono whakaputaina i roto i te 1994 e Pita Shore, he inaianei he ahorangi o te pāngarau i MIT. Tona tikanga ko ki te kitea te āhuatanga o te tau nui mā te whakamahi i te rorohiko aronui, kihai nei i i te tīariari ano. I roto i te meka, mahi te hātepe te mahi, e tohu te rohe ki te whakahoki tika. Te tau e whai ake nei, kitea Shore he tikanga o te ako hapa aronui. Na, he tokomaha i mohio e he reira - he tikanga kē o te tātai, i roto i ētahi wā ka taea e kia atu kaha. Na ka aru te puhake o moni i physicists ki te waihanga qubits me tatau arorau i waenganui ia ratou. Na inaianei, e rua tekau tau i muri mai, he tangata i runga i te mimiha o te hanga i te rorohiko aronui tonu-parirau.