Pūrere, ngā i roto i te pūtukatuka: he whakaahuatanga o te mahi

I teie mahana, i roto i nga kāinga o te nuinga o nga tangata o whenua whakawhanakehia nui i te maha rorohiko rite pai rite papa me ētahi atu pūrere pūkoro. Ko te "ngakau" o rānei te pūtukatuka (PTM PTM ranei). He ia he hanganga matatini. Ki te mārama me pēhea te te PC, kia mohio koe e te wahi o te pūtukatuka.

Taumu'a me mahi

I mua i te tūhura i ngā pūrere e he wahi o te PTM, kia mohio koutou he aha te mea i te reira hoki. Ko te kupu, ko te PTM - te PC pūrere pokapū. Tona whakarite - ko:

• whakahaere i te mahi o te rorohiko e whai i te hōtaka i homai;
• mahi mōhiohio tukatuka ngā mahi.

Pūrere, ngā i roto i te pūtukatuka

I te kau, te PTM ko te maramara IC motuhake.

Pūrere, ngā i roto i te pūtukatuka - ko:

• rēhita;
• keteroki;
• me ngā wāhitau pahi raraunga;
• ALU (wae arorau tauhanga);
• hoatukatuka pāngarau.

rēhita

Tenei poraka o ngā pūtau mahara e hanga te mahara ultra-nohopuku roto te PTM. Kei te whakamahia te reira i tahaki, a kahore he wātea ki hötaka. kaha Memory Ko te torutoru rau anake paita.

E wehea rēhita PTM ki e rua ngā momo: whakaaro whānui me te motuhake.

Kei te whakamahia rehita o momo 1 ka mahi i te mahi arorau me te tātai-momo ngā mahi ranei ētahi atu huinga ako, pērā i IEHO, MMX, a na i runga i.

Ko te rēhita o te rua o nga momo kei roto raraunga pūnaha e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi o te pūtukatuka. Ēnei ngā nga rēhita mana, wāhitau pūnaha, patuiro me pera i runga i. Access ki a ratou te tino whakaritea.

I tua atu, pērā i ngā pūrere pā ana ki te counter hōtaka kei roto i te wāhitau o te ako ki te whakatinana e puta ki te huringa muri o te mahi te PTM.

mahara Keteroki

Pūrere, ngā i roto i te pūtukatuka, he tino rerekē. Ko ētahi o ēnei te keteroki. Ko te scratchpad. Ko te whakaaro o tona whakamahi - tere ake tou PC. Ki te mahi i tenei, tirohia te wāhi mahara CPU te tuatahi o te katoa, ahakoa e penapena te raraunga tonoa i roto i te keteroki. Hoki tenei whakaaro, whakarite te wāhitau ka koe kia ākina ki te uara o te tūtohu katoa keteroki, e taea te rongoa nga raraunga. Ngā ōrite huaina te tūtohu aho keteroki te he hit (keteroki hit). I roto i te take te ritenga atu keteroki whakaritea ma'iri. Keteroki hit taea te pūtukatuka ki te whakaputa i tonu he pānui ranei ki te tuhi i raraunga i roto i te rārangi ki te tūtohu ki āu. Keteroki mehua tōtika mo te hātepe papatono tīpakohia (hōtaka) ko te ōwehenga o te tau udavshihsya keteroki patua ki te katoa te maha o ngā tono ki te mahara pūtukatuka, ka karanga hua tauanga.

ALU

Ahakoa etahi whakaaro ngā i roto i te pūtukatuka i ona ake mahara, te ALU ko te huānga huinga taiawhio motuhake, kahore ake mahara. Ko tōna whakaaro, ko te ki te whakatinana i te ngā mahi tino nui o te tukatuka raraunga:

• 2 Ka whiwhi te operand tāuru 2 (tirotiro o rēhita 2 me pera atu.);
• mahia a ngä te hua mahi.

Kei a ia i roto i te mau ana i roto i te huinga o ngā mahi ohie tauhanga (AO), kua wehea ki 3 kāwai matua: arorau, tauhanga me ngā mahi i runga i paraire. Ka rite ki - te tukanga tukatuka raraunga (tangohanga, tua, whakareatanga wehenga ranei), te tautohetohe, me te hua o nei tohu tau. rerekē ratou i te whakahaeretanga o arorau. E matau ratou ngā tukanga mō te e mau ana i roto i te hanga o ngā tauākī matatini (AND, NOT, OR).

ngā wae arorau tauhanga o rēhita me arorau mana ki te neke. Mahi i te reira i roto i runga i te tikanga o nga ngā mahi whakamana i runga i nga taurangi e kua whakanohoia i roto i rēhita.

pahi wāhitau me raraunga

Enei whakaaro he wahi o te pūtukatuka, e te huinga o conductors. Ko te tuatahi o enei te tikanga mo te tuku o te mahara aro ki nei ki te unga raraunga. Hoki ia o ratou kua tuku reira 1 moka. hāngai te reira ki tetahi mati o te wāhitau. Te whakanui ake i te maha o conductors whakamahia ki te hanga i te wāhitau, ka taea e te reira ki te tohu atu pūtau. tautuhi rārangi Bit te nui mōrahi o te mahara e taea e addressable i te pūtukatuka.

Ki te whakaritea te pahi raraunga ki te huarahi matua me te ki whakaaro tona kaha ki te maha o huarahi, na te pahi wāhitau e pā ana ki te taua o ara whare ranei. Ko te maha o ona rārangi rite ki te maha o ngā mati (pūāhua) i roto i te ruma o te whare. Ko te kupu, ki te taea ngā reira o mati-ira neke atu i rua, whakaritea te tokomaha runga tau mau fare whare i te huarahi ngā kore te mea neke atu i te 100 (m. E. 102). A, no te te nui haere te maha 3-mati o wāhitau taea ki te 103.

wāhitau pahi me raraunga e motuhake, me te whiriwhiri i ngā chipset ratou bit hoki koe i runga i tou ake. I te wa ano atu te atu paraire pahi raraunga, te atu o ratou, me te pahi wāhitau. Ratou kaha - he tohu o te kaha pūtukatuka motuhake. I roto i ngā, i te kaha o te pūtukatuka pahi i roto i te raraunga utu mōhiohio whakaritea e reira, me te moka rārangi wāhitau tohu te mahara, ki e taea te mahi i te reira.

hoatukatuka pāngarau

Tonu ki te titiro i taua wahi o te PTM o te rorohiko, he mea e tika ana ki te mea i te tahi kupu e pā ana ki tenei pūrere. Ko te tikanga ki te whakawhānui i te āhuatanga PTM me whakarite ona taumahinga ki kōwae pera-ka karanga pūtukatuka tere-ira e kore e e whai he kōwae ngātahi.

e kore he Math hoatukatuka roto i nga āhuatanga whakahauanga o te PC, me ka taea e hoatu e koe a reira ki runga. I mua, he tokomaha kaihanga, a riro i runga i te pūtake o whakaaro o ōhanga.

Heoi, i roto i te whakaoti rapanga e rapua e te mahi maha tātaitanga pāngarau (mō tātaitanga pūtaiao engineering ranei), i ki te whakaoti i te pātai o te whakanui ake i mahi PC.

Ki te aroaro o te pāngarau kōwae hoatukatuka e tāuta i runga i te kaupapa rite te maramara motuhake, i roto i PC hou whakamahi o tenei pūrere i roto i tenei hōputu kore e hiahiatia, kia rite ki i hanga tuatahi reira ki te PTM.

Ētahi pūrere PC

rorohiko Whaiaro - ko te pūnaha matatini, me te pai te mahi.

ngā pūrere katoa taea e hanga ake te rārangi rorohiko i roto i te kupu torutoru e taea.

I tua atu ki te pūtukatuka, te PC hoki ngā:

• he kaupapa ki te tūhono honotanga te PTM;
• puku pakeke me puku kōpae pīngore ;
• mana supply;
• RAM;
• puku CD me kōpae ataata-puku;
• hononga (tauranga) mo ngā pūrere atu, a pera atu.

I tua atu, rerekē whakaaro piringa, pērā i:

• kiore rorohiko;
• papapātuhi;
• hopuoro;
• kaikōrero, me te pera i runga i.

Na e matau ana koutou e te whakaaro taea katoa e he wahi o te rorohiko - he mea wahi o te pūnaha matatini, te mana e te pūtukatuka. e kore e taea te piriponotanga tona tūranga, kia rite ki te mahi o te PC, tei runga i tona mahi noa. I te kau, tohunga matapae e i roto i te tekau tau e haere mai ana o nga pūtukatuka rauemi mamae huringa nui. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka e ka riro i te tukanga tawhitotia, whakakapi ka haere mai i te rorohiko quantum mua, koiora, me te pera i runga i. Computers.