Portsmouth rangimarie: tikanga, me te tau o te hainatanga

Portsmouth Tiriti rangimarie - te kawenata i waenganui i te Russian Empire me Japan i Tuhinga o mua. hoatu tenei tiriti he mutunga ki te Pakanga Russian-Japanese poauau me te haamou, e roa i 1904 ki te 1905. puta tenei e me'a mahu'inga August 23, 1905 i roto i Portsmouth, pa American, ki te takawaenga o te kāwanatanga US. I hainatia te whakaaetanga e ngā taha e rua. No te o ia, i tangohia Russia o te tika ki te riihi Liaodong Peninsula, a poroa te haumi ki Haina, i ngā he haumi hōia i waenganui i nga āhua e rua ki a Hapani.

Ko te take mo te timatanga o te Russian-Japanese War

Japan mo te wa roa i te whenua kati, engari i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX timata ki ohorere tiki noa, tuwhera ki tangata ke, a kua ona tangata kua kaha te toro whenua Pākehā. Kua ahu whakamua kua mārama kitea. Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, kua hanga Japan he kaipuke kaha, me te ope - e awhinatia wheako ke, e kua whāngai te Japanese i Europe.

Ko te iwi motu me ki te whakawhānui i te rohe, i te aha tīmata reira fakaaoao hōia e hāngai ana whenua tata. ka Japan whakahaere te patunga tuatahi o Haina te kaipahua, ki te hopu e rave rahi motu, engari ko te mārama tenei e kore e nui. Ko te āhua he tona kanohi i runga i te whenua o mua, me te Korea. O te akoranga, e kore i taea e te Russian Empire e faaoromai i taua riri, no te mea i ona ake mahere mō ēnei wāhanga, otstraivaya i Korea Railways te whenua. I roto i te 1903, pekenené, toutou Japan ko Russia a'oraa, tumanako ki te whakatau i te pakanga te rangimarie, engari katoa i roto i te noa. e kore i whakaae i runga i te wāhanga whenua, te taha ki Japanese ohorere tuku te whawhai i whawhai i te kingitanga.

Ko te tūranga o Ingarangi me te Hononga o Amerika i roto i te whawhai

I roto i te meka, kua whakaritea e Japan ki te patu i kore ko Russia anake. E tenei ue'i reira te US ko Ingarangi, no te mea kua whakaratohia ratou tautoko pūtea ki te whenua. Ki te kore i tauturu i te reira i enei āhua, rahua Japan ki te wahi i Tsarist Russia, i muri i te ope motuhake i ia e mohio i te wa. Portsmouth te rangimarie, pea na e kore e mutu ki te ki kahore he otinga ki te kaitautoko ngā ki te mahi hōia.

I muri ka mohio Tsushima Ingarangi e tautooraa a Japan pai rawa, kia ki te whānuitanga nui heke te utu o te whawhai. kaha tautoko te United States i te wahine taikaha, a tae noa rāhuitia i roto i France me Germany tu i roto i korero o te Russian Empire, a whakawehi ki te mate. Te peresideni Teodora Ruzvelta ko te mahere te tohunga - ki te tatau i te whawhai roa-rere taha e rua. Otiia i konei he whakapakari ohorere o Japan, me te hinga Russian, kihai i whakamahere ia ki. Ko te mutunga o te rangimarie o Portsmouth e whakauaua kua riro wahi i waho te takawaenga o Amerika. Roosevelt ki te rota o te mahi mahi ki te houhanga rongo nga taha e rua o nga militants.

whakamātau Kāore ki te hanga te rongo

Tangohia o tautoko pūtea o te US ko Great Britain, e kitea whakawarea Japan ōhanga. Ahakoa whakatutukitanga hōia nui i roto i te whawhai ki a Russia, he whenua i raro i te pēhanga i kaitautoko mua timata ki te okioki ki te mutunga o te rangimarie. hanga Japan kua maha ngā whakamātau ki te haere mai ki ngā ki te hoariri. korero hoki te wa tuatahi e pā ana ki te Japanese houhanga rongo i roto i 1904, ka i ui te Russian i roto i te UK ki haina i te kirimana. kihai i nga whiriwhiringa tango i te wahi: ui Japan e mohio te Russian Empire i tīmataria te mutunga o mua.

I roto i te 1905, he takawaenga i waenganui i nga belligerents e France. pāngia e te whawhai i te ngākau nuitanga o whenua Pākehā tokomaha, kia kaua ratou i pai tona otinga. France i taua wa kihai i roto i te āhuatanga pai, na'e kamata ke malu'aki he raruraru, na whakaekea ia ki te āwhina Japan a anga takawaenga i roto i te mutunga o te rangimarie. I tenei wa, kua ui te te kaipahua, i te utu Russian Empire Capitulations o herenga, engari diplomats Russian pai hua'tu taua tikanga.

takawaenga United States

I muri ka ui nga Hapanihi e te ahuwhenua Russian i roto i te nui o 1.2 piriona iene, a i roto i te tua i te motu o Sakhalin, ta'e'amanekina iu te kāwanatanga US ki te kingitanga. whakawehi Roosevelt ki fakamasiva o te tautoko katoa a Japan. Pea e kua te tikanga o te rangimarie o Portsmouth kua rerekē ki te kahore hoki te wawaotanga o te United States. Te peresideni American, i runga i te ringa kotahi, tamata ki whakaawe te Russian Empire, ata hoatu tohutohu ki te kingi, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - pēhanga hoatu i runga i nga Japanese, akina whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhua pouri o te ōhanga.

Ko te ngā rangimarie hoatu mua e Japan

hiahia te te kaipahua, ki te hanga i te nuinga o te whawhai ki te mōrahi. Ko te aha e mau tonu Japan tona mana i roto i Korea ko Tonga Manchuria, tangohia te motu katoa o Sakhalin me whiwhi tohu i roto i te nui o 1.2 piriona yen. O te akoranga, kua kino mo te Russian Empire taua tikanga, na ka hiki te hainatanga o te rangimarie o Portsmouth ake. Witte, te māngai Russian, ne fakafisi ki te utu i te herenga me te taumahi o Sakhalin.

whārangi ki Japan

Ka rite ki muri uru i roto i tona tohinoa Ishii, i to ratou whenua ki te mahi ki a Russia, e kua kore te tangata kihai i utu. Ko te pakeke o te hautoa Russian me fakamasiva o kaitautoko tautoko nga Japanese kua hoatu i roto i te Faa matapo. ko Portsmouth ao i runga i te mimiha o tiango, huihuia te kāwanatanga Japanese i te hui, i roa te ra katoa. whakatau matou mehemea ki te haere tonu i te whawhai mō te Sakhalin. August 27, 1905, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakarere i te motu, me te kore e rapu utu i te takoha. Ko na ruha te āhua e tonu kihai i taea mahi hōia.

Russia gaffe

Na, ka tono tangata Russian peresideni he karere waea ki te kingi, i tohutohu ki te hoatu i te motu o Sakhalin. hiahia Russian Empire rangimarie, no te mea i te kāwanatanga ki te pehi i te revolution haamouraa. Otiia, whakaae te kingi ki te hoatu anake te wahi te tonga o te motu. Ka taea te hainatia Portsmouth rangimarie me i te tahi atu mau huru, no te mea i whakaritea e kua te Japanese ki te whakarere whakaeke i runga i Sakhalin. I te August 27, i muri noa te mutunga o te hui, ka reira mōhio o te whakatau o te kingi. Te kāwanatanga Japanese, o te akoranga, e kore e mahue i te whai wāhi ki te hopu rohe hou. Heoi, ko te mōrea Japanese, no te mea ki te kore i pono te mōhiohio, e kore ano e herea te ao. e kua Official whakawhitinga reira, i roto i te take o te kore i ki te mahi i hara-kiri.

I te pae hopea i hainatia Portsmouth rangimarie 5 Mahuru 1905 tau. whäki karere Russian hiahia Japan rite korerotia e ia te kingi. Ka rite ki te hua, kua kitea te kāwanatanga Tokyo he poi o mana i roto i Korea, riro nga mana rīhi ki te Liaodong Peninsula, te tonga Manchurian Railway, me te te wahi tonga o Sakhalin. Heoi, e kore e Japan whai i te tika ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whakapakari o te motu.

He aha kua kawea mai ki ngā taha e rua o te pakanga Portsmouth rangimarie?

Rā o haina i te tiriti te rongo i ki hei te wāhi whakamutunga i roto i te pakanga, me te tīmata ki te ara i te ōhanga i roto o nga wahi kua ururuatia. Kia aroha mai, i kore riro ia e kore, Russia ranei Japan i te whawhai Russian-Japanese. Ko reira he ururua katoa o te wā, me te moni. awhi nga Japanese te hainatanga o te Tiriti te rongo rite te tawai whaiaro, whakaitinga, ano, i mea pakura tōtika te whenua. I roto i te Russian Empire, a na i malu'aki mai i te revolution, a ko te hinga i roto i te whawhai i te kakau witi whakamutunga o te riri rongonui. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, no te whenua e rua e kore ka haere mai te pai o ngā wā. anga revolution i roto i Russia ...