Portrait o toi Russian. Whakaahua i roto i te toi ataata

I roto i tenei tuhinga titiro tatou i te whakaahua o te toi Russian. Ko te uara o tenei momo, ko te e te tamata i te artist ki te kawe i ki te awhina o ngā rauemi hanga i te tangata tūturu-ora. E te, ki te pūkenga e tika ana, tatou e nehenehe e whakatau i roto i te pikitia ki te tetahi wā.

I tua atu, kei te ngana te toi ki te whakaatu e kore anake nga kuku, engari ano hoki ki te kawe i te āhua i roto o te tangata e notemea.

Pānuitia i runga i a ka kitea e koutou tohu i roto i te whanaketanga o te poutū Russian i te anotau Middle ki ngā wā hou.

momo whakaahua i roto i te toi

Whakaahua i roto i te toi ataata rite matau tatou i te reira i teie mahana, tu atu tata. Anake i roto i te waenganui o te rautau tekau mā whitu, he kōrero i te marae o te kingi French Louis XIV, André Félibien, whakaarohia ki te karanga tenei kupu anake whakapakoko o te iwi.

Tae noa taua wa, i tautuhi tenei wā rite whakapakoko katoa, ahakoa kararehe, huawhenua kohuke ranei. I roto i te anotau Middle ki te kararehe, ko te wahi o te huru rerekē atu ko reira i teie nei. i taea e ratou hāmene, whakamamaetia, ka whakawakia rite ki tikanga ture.

I muri Felibenom Arthur Schopenhauer faaite te whakaaro e te hunga ahurei ki te āhuatanga kano kararehe, e kore ratou e whai i te tuakiri tangata. Hoki tenei ra, e kore e kitea i te whakaahua te icon, no te mea kahore ratou e tuhituhia ki te taketake.

Ko te kupu, ka puta te whakaahua i roto i te toi me te tuhinga roa i mua, engari i roto i nga wa onamata raro ia matau i tetahi "mahi pai."

herea te whanaketanga o tenei momo te ki nga mea e rua - te whakapai ake tikanga tuhituhi (hanganga, anatomy, etc), me te he huringa i roto i te tirohanga o te wahi o te tangata i roto i te ao. taka te pua nui o whakaahua i runga i te rau tau tekau ma waru, i te wā Western Europe i nga whakaaro o te individuality me te iteraa o te pai i roto i fakatāutaha.

wā wawe

Whaiaro-whakaahua i roto i te toi o Russian whanau anake i runga i te rohe o te rau tau tekau ma whitu, me te tekau ma waru o. I mua i reira nga whakaahua i roto i te kāhua wharekarakia, i reira memeha takitahi ki te papamuri.

Ko te pūtake o te wā wawe o ata toi ake Russian. vai taua hua ki runga ki te rautau tekau mā whitu.

Otiia ka timata huringa i roto i te mutunga o te wā o Kievan Rus. Hei kua ora te rōpū ōrite whakaahua Svyatoslav utuafare, tamahine Yaroslava Mudrogo. He hoki maha ngā tauira o tuhi ki etahi individuality, hei tauira, Jaroslav Vsyevolodovitch ki te temepara i roto i te ringa. Na ka utu ia mo te takoha mo te mahi hanga.

Ko te whakamātau tuatahi ki te neke atu i te pukapuka kēnana me Siasí ki ka mau peita fakamāmaní wahi i roto i te kingitanga o Ivana Groznogo. kite tatou i tona whakapakoko i roto i te tahi mau pukapuka. I hanga he nekehanga taua anake te mea o te whare karakia Rau Chapters, i kingi me te whakaaro te hanganga ture o nga kingi, rangatira, me te iwi i runga i te ata.

Parsuna

I roto i te hoho'a peni rautau tekau mā whitu tonu ki te whakapai ake. kite tatou e te whakaahua i roto i Russia toi kei te hoko atu āhuatanga takitahi. He he he momo pērā i "parsuna". Tenei hē te kupu "tangata".

i hanga ēnei mahi i runga i nga papa ara tempera, e ko, i te kāhua o te icon, whakaatu reira whakapakoko ora o te iwi. Ko te taua peita matamua ko parsuna Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky.

Heoi, i hanga ai rite te whakaahua funerary "koroka". Otiia i tuhituhia te ahua o tona rangatira "faahou", ka ora ake i roto i te ao pai, kia he rerekē i te mata kēnana i runga i ngā ata ona āhuatanga.

Āta reira ko te wehenga atu i te Tokāteliné hahi, tono hangarau i Europe. Heoi, i te rohe o te Commonwealth mai "portrait Sarmatian" momo gentry image.

I tua atu, haere mai te kaipeita Muscovy i Western Europe, ki te whakangungu kaimahi toi rohe. Hanga "titulyarniki" (pukapuka motuhake, e whakaatu ana i te whakaahua hi'oraa maitai o nga rangatira Pākehā).

era Petrine

Mau te "portrait" i roto i te toi Russian anake puta i roto i te kingitanga o Pita te nui. Tenei wā ko te wāhi koki i roto i te ora o te whenua. kitea te toi te ia o ngā hou.

puta te whakaahua rōrahi me te hohonu, kaitoi rangatira te heke mai. māramatanga Fanauhia o te tākaro o te marama me te atarangi, timata whakamātautau ki te tae i runga i te koaka. Ano, i reira te mea he wehenga whakamutunga o te hahi me te toi fakamāmaní.

Na kua wehea te peita ki te rere toru - archaizing, Rossika me kura motu.

Ko te tuatahi Ko tūturu i roto i te whakawhitinga i "parsuna" ki te papa peita peita. māngai te tuarua e nga mahi o toi ke i roto i Russia. Ua faaite te kura taua Domestic i te mahi o Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnjakova Matveeva ko Argunova.

Ko reira taa'eraa e toi Russian o taua wā, i te tuatahi taukei, pera ki te korero "mau ake" i roto i Europa. Otiia i roto i te tau torutoru i reira he mahi tino motuhake, me ratou kite. Ko te tīmata i te whanaketanga o ngā pokapū rohe o-ao te piha toi.

Ko te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII

Āta whakaahua i roto i te toi Russian riro te taonga o te whenei waenganui o te hapori. Tae noa te waenganui o te rau tau tekau ma waru whakaatu anake tangata nui, tata ki te whānau kingi, engari inaianei e kore e whakaahua anake o rangatira me ngā kaiwhakarēti, engari ara te torutoru peasants reira. Te whakamutunga, i roto i ngā, ka mau wahi anake i roto i ngā whakaaro mātauranga i roto i te hapori.

I roto i te rima tekau, me Heoi o te rau tau tekau ma waru, whakaturia he reo motuhake i te taha o nga whakaahua o te Empress Elizabeth. i whakahau ano rave rahi mau utuafare rangatira peita ratou, rite ki tenei tauira.

Ano kite kairangahau nui ara motuhake o toi rohe. Ua faaite ratou i to ratou kitenga o ngā tae, me te huanga tūturu i roto i te Baroque, i roto i te rite ki te toi Pākehā nei mahi i roto i te kāhua Rococo.

Ko te mahi o toi Russian noa puhake, ki whakapakoko ātaahua, mata, ki tonu i te ora, puwhero me wahine rosy-cheeked.

Classicism me Silver Age

Āta kitenga i te neke ki te herehereraa. I te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru, he reira uaua ki te wehewehe i waenganui i te Te Hau-ā-uru Pākehā me whakaahua Russian. Momo i roto i te toi ataata mai ki te atamira ao. Anake inaianei i reira he puka kanapa, me te timera Baroque.

He te whakawhitinga o te Rococo ki Neoclassicism me predromantike. Puta ngā kōrero hoê mana'ona'oraa, me te marama. Ko te āhuatanga matua o tenei wā ko historicism. Ko ko, whakaturia te reo i whakaahua ōkawa o te whānau o te emepaea.

kitea ana tēnei tau e i roto i te mahi o Shchukin, Rokotoff, ko Borovikovsky Levitsky.

Next mai te wā o Romanticism. Here, te toi tino pai-mohiotia ko Bryullov Varnek, Tropinin ko Kiprensky.

I muri mai mai te talena e he takoto ana i roto i te pikitia o Repin, Surikov ko Serov.

Age hiriwa o te peita Russian e hoatu nga toi ao pērā i Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky me etahi atu.

whakaahua Soviet

e kore te Portrait o toi o nāianei i whakaritea e te Māoritanga, rite i te reira i roto i nga wa Soviet, me te āhuatanga pūtea.

Otiia i waenganui i nga pikitia o Malevich me to tatou wa i reira ko te taitahi katoa o te Soviet Union.

Tenei kei te whanake i te poipoi tuatahi o whakaaro Five and Seven, kura Moscow ko Leningrad, "Builders o Bratsk". Ko te āhuatanga taketake o te talena hapori.

Ko te kupu, ko matou tutaki tenei ra ki te whakaahua o te hītori o te toi Russian.