Papatono ano e taea te faingataa. Hei timata ki, e kia kia rai mahi katoa i roto i taahiraa i te taahiraa. Otiia ki te akiaki ia taua, i reira e rave rahi āhuatanga e tino whakahaere te paetae o te mahi e hiahia ana ki te hōtaka ( "Pascal", "C", "assembler" - pe ko e hā te reo e whakamahia ana te). Ko tētahi o ēnei taputapu, ko te ki te waihanga huringa.
Ko te faufaa o huringa hōtaka
He aha te mea he huringa? Aha te hiahiatia reira me aha nga painga o te i te kaihātepe ina whakamahi koe i te reira? Ko te huringa ko te wāhanga hanganga nui o te hōtaka, e taea ai e koe whakaaunoa te mahia o te maha etahi o mahi, ngā taua tautukunga ki te tawhā whakapumautia. Na, ko te tauira māmā o te huringa mahi - podnesenie etahi tau ki te mana. Kahore he hiahia ki te whakahau rarangi ake tae noa e kore e waiho nui, no te mea e taea te mahi aunoa nga mihini katoa ki reira. I roto i te mahi o huringa taea te whakaora hoki te rota o te wā me te kaha, na ehara i te mea e tika ana te wā katoa me nga kaupae katoa ki te rēhita i te waehere mā te whakamahi i te huringa. tomo noa nga taurangi taurangi, me te tīmata te whakatinanatanga. Engari kia rite ki te kaupapa hanga-huringa? Ranei ake ara? Ratou taatou o te huringa rawa he rota - te mōhiohio i runga i te pukapuka e pā ana ki hōtaka, "Pascal," ka whakaaro matou "assembler" ranei. Na reira, pono hoki wetewete i ngā take mōhiohio whakahere kaupapa ariā o te whakamahi tino rongonui e rua:
- Porohita ki postcondition.
- Koropiko ki te ai öna.
ētahi atu katoa e ki te whānuitanga nui o ratou rerekētanga me ngā take ngā, te tikanga kia pera whakaaro ratou i roto i te horopaki, me te i roto i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga motuhake. I roto i te takiwa, kia tahuri tatou ki te rongonui tino. Ko te huringa rerekē ki preconditions me postconditions? Tenei ko te koropiko ki te ai öna:
i «huru» mahi «waehere»
General huringa anga ariā ki postcondition
Tenei puka o te waehere tuhituhi ka te huringa kaiwhakahaere ki utu postcondition whakatinanatanga o te tinana. I mawhiti tuatahi kia mea he ke: tino, he aha hoatu te huru i muri i te mahia o te waehere? Ko kahore he ke i reira: he āhuatanga o tenei puka ko e mahi ana te waehere e ahakoa o e tutaki ranei nga tikanga ranei e kore e mahi ana. Ko 1 anake te wā. Na ka whai i te whakamātautau, ahakoa katoa e, rite kia waiho ai, e kore ranei. A i roto i te ngaro o ngā āhuatanga tinana tika o te huringa ka waiho. Ko te āhuatanga tino nui, me te whai hua, e kua he huringa ki te postcondition tenei. I runga i te tauira o te mea i korerotia ki a wahi e taea te kite koe i te whakatinanatanga mahi peita konei? Tenei ko te tauira o te huringa ki te postcondition:
tukurua
"Ko te waehere"
tae noa ki «Tikanga»
General pūtake huringa ariā ki te ai öna
Ko te kōwhiringa tino rongonui ko rite tenei. takoto Ko tōna taa i roto i te meka e mo te mahia o te huru e tika ana, kahore e kore te tenei waehere e mahi. Tikanga, te waehere he tauine rawa, me te whakahohe tona pānga kino katoa i runga i te mahinga rorohiko. Na reira, whakamahia rawa he mahere tohunga rawa: te nuinga o whakanohoia i roto i koropiko ara akomanga takitahi ranei e karanga nga mongamonga o te waehere mai tika i te taime tika. te toenga katoa o te wa tenei waehere ko, engari e kore e whakamahi i te rorohiko. Tenei kaupapa taea ki a koe te whakaora mana tukatuka ki mahia i te hōtaka ētahi atu hōtaka ranei.
whakatinanatanga Practical i roto i ngā reo hōtaka rerekē
He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te whai huatanga mahi o te huringa. Me kï hoki tuatahi o katoa whakaora wa, e rua te kaiwhakamahi, me te kaihātepe. Kua I kua mea te tuarua, he aha, he aha kia he kupu ruarua ki te mea e pā ana ki te kiritaki. Ko te take i te afa ki nga wahi motuhake taea pūmanawa ki hohoro te uta, ka rere, a fakatatau, ka waiho anake hari rawa ki te whakamahi i taua pūmanawa te kaiwhakamahi. Ano, i tenei huarahi, ka rongoa te waehere i roto i te huringa i te piha motuhake (te maha i meinga i te tinana), ranei, a ka taea te tōtika mahi. kia kawea mai ano hoki e koe te record tere i roto i te pūtau mahara takitahi. Na, ki te i mea katoa ki te kia meatia ā, e whai i te reira ki te tiki i ia, me reira ko te tomokanga tika. He koropiko taea e rave rahi taime ranei ara pinepine o te whakaiti i te hiahia ki te mahi i nga mea katoa koe. A tangohia te take tangata, e taea arahi Me haora ki ki te titiro waehere raruraru.
mutunga
Na, Whakarāpopoto ake tuhituhia katoa, ka taea e tatou te mea e te huringa ki te postcondition te mua ranei āhei ara watea ki te whakaora moni, kahore he patu kounga. A ka tuhi hōtaka uaua, ko reira tetahi o nga hoa kaihātepe pai, te āwhina ki a ia te hanga i te waehere māmā ki te kawe i roto i, me te pānui. Na reira, ka tuhi ratou waehere e kore e vahavaha nei ki te whakamahi i te huringa ki te postcondition ai öna ranei - kua hangaia āta ratou ki te whakahaere i te tukanga o te hanga pūmanawa, a ka mahi i te reira ki a ia - e kore e ki te tango i te rawa o tenei faingamālie.