Poet Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: haurongo, nga mahi pai me meka ngā

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - he rohi pehe Russian rongonui, nei irava i tino hira i roto i nga tau i mua-pāhoro, me i roto i te wā Soviet. noho ia i te ora roa, te nuinga o nei ko te kanga ki te mahi tuhituhi. Haurongo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina whakarāpopoto i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Origin, tau o te mātauranga

I whanau ia i runga i Hakihea 6, 1848 i roto i te kawanatanga o Tver (kainga Nizovka). Ko te tino aroha o Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin tenei rohe. Tona wāhi waiatatia i roto i tokomaha o ana mahi. Nizovka kainga i muri i roto i te tau ki te haere mai, ka waiho i te puna o te faaururaa mo te rohipehe. Kua oti rawa ia, i roto i ngā, i tona pehepehe rongonui "Homeland" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Ko te mātua o te rohi pehe i mua. ka Spyridon D. nga taketake o te mātauranga i tona koroua, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, e whakaako ia ki te pānui i te rārangi pū, me te, o te akoranga, te Buka o Hours.

I te 1858 ka tonoa a Spiridon ki te kura ki te diakono rohe. Here ako te rohi pehe heke mai mō te rua tau, me te pāngarau. mahara Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin ki mauruuru enei ra. i oti rawa ratou tona pehepehe o 1905 "I te kura te diakono." I roto i tenei whakangungu i oti Spyridon Dmitrievich - i roto i te hotoke o 1860 ka haere te pehe heke mai ki St Petersburg ki te mahi.

Pohehe ana te whenua, whaiaro

Ko te 36 tau i muri mai o tona ora tohua e te kopikopikotanga mauiui huri noa te motu. Spyridon D. te huri mahi. Ko ia he pononga tavern, tuari kaiāwhina, karaka i roto i te toa pukapuka me te tupeka toa, te kaihoko, he karere, he Ariki o, he kaimahi, māngai Steamship Company "Airplane", whakawhirinaki te tuku o te rakau mo te pereoo auahi. maka Tuhinga te rohi pehe i roto i Tver ko Moscow, Kharkov ko Yaroslavl, Tashkent ko Kiev.

Ko te tau tuatahi o te kaipaowe, St Petersburg, (1860-1871 gg.) - he wa tohua kore noa te hawhe-hemo oraraa pouri, engari ano kaha i roto i te whaiaro Drozhzhina. Ko te tau tuatahi e wha pau ia i roto i te pane, mahi ia i roto i te wharekai "Kavkaz" moepuku. I tenei wa, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin vēkeveke, ahakoa unsystematically, lau te tuhinga, maha o kounga rawakore :. Magazines pērā i "Reading mo nga hoia" me "Mir karere" pūrākau rongonui cheap, me ētahi atu Otiia i muri i te ia matatau Spiridon D. ki nga mahi o JS Nikitin AV Koltsov ko NA Nekrasov. Ia tai'o oaoa te moheni "Purangi". Spyridon D. mai 1866 ka anga ki te haere ki wā te Puna Public.

whare pukapuka Own me te ruri tuatahi

I tona takotoranga wä, me te rerehua me te reka toi i te whai hua Drozhzhina mohio ki te whakapaipai i te ākonga me ngā māngai o te rarangi rerekē o Democratic To'u Tupú. Te tiaki i roto i te kakahu, me te kai, kohia Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin tona whare pukapuka. Kei roto te reira i mahi i ana kaituhi tino:. M. Yu Lermontovym ko A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov ko Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger ko Heine, G. I. Uspenskim ko Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym me Schiller et al. Drozhzhin i hoki hiahia i roto i "tapu" tuhinga. I tau 17, hanga ana e ia tona pehepehe tuatahi. Mai taua wa, e kore Spiridon Drozhzhin mutu te tuhi rotarota. Ko te urunga tuatahi i roto i tona rātaka puta May 10, 1867. arahina ia e ia ki te mutunga o te ora.

Ko te whakaputanga tuatahi

Na roto i te tau 1870 ki te nganatanga tuatahi tono Drozhzhina te whakaputa a ratou mahi. tonoa e ia te tihi 5, i roto i tona whakaaro, te mau irava i roto i "Illustrated Newspaper", engari i paopao ratou. I te tau 1873 i te roa-tatali tuatahi tuhituhinga o te rohi pehe. Ko reira ka Drozhzhina maau "Song o te maunga hoa pai," i whakaputaina i roto i te moheni "Tiwhikete". Mai taua wa, timata Spiridon D. ki kaha te whakaputa i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā makasini ( "te rawa ka Russian", "pō Family", "Pakihi", "Kupu", me etahi atu.), I tua atu i roto i te mau ve'aa te o tamariki ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " pānui o ngā tamariki, "" Kōhungahunga "me etahi atu.).

Rongonui, ho'iraa

rongo Drozhzhina rite te rohi pehe i te mutunga o te tau 1870 - 1880-doma. tupu te reira i tere. iz Kua whakahuatia Surikov moni i roto i te whaiaro-whakaako te kaituhi taitamariki. Ka kitea tënei e ratou reta e pā ana ki 1879.

I roto i te St. Petersburg, puta te kohinga tuatahi i roto i 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Poems 1866-1888 gg. Ki tuhipoka o te kaituhi o toku ora"). I roto i te 1894 me te 1907, anō tenei pukapuka i ia wa tino whakanuia. Otiia, tonu te pehe ki te ora i roto i te rawakore. I te timatanga o 1886 Drozhzhin hopea hoki ki tona kainga taketake Nizovka. Here i oti rawa ia ia katoa ki te tuhinga, me te mahi ahuwhenua. L. N. Tolstoy i tautoko te whakatau, i tangohia e Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Homeland, i whakapono ia, ka taea e faauru i te pehe ki whakatutukitanga hou.

Hui ki a Leo Tolstoy, me R. M. Rilke

tutaki Drozhzhin Lvom Nikolaevichem rua, i roto i te 1892 me te 1897. Te pehe i roto i te pirihimana kainga kitea tirotiro ngaro, kihai nei i i te ārai ia ki te mahi i. hoko āta atu me te ake rongonui pehe Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. tohua tona haurongo te he hui nui i roto i 1900: tae R. i Nizovka Rilke, te punake nui Austria. whakawhitia e ia rotarota German Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

pukapuka New, whakapai ake o te āhuatanga pūtea

Tetahi i muri i tetahi i roto i te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau 20 mai i te pukapuka e whai ake nei Drozhzhina: i roto i te 1904 - "Poems New" i roto i te 1906 - "te kaiahuwhenua Tau" i roto i te 1907 - "Songs Tauhi" i roto i te 1909 - "New Russian Song" me "Bayan" . pau Circle "Writers o te iwi" i roto i te Hakihea 1903 i te ahiahi i roto i Moscow, whakatapua ki te tau toru tekau o te mahi auaha Drozhzhina. I roto i te taua tau i whakaritea tona penihana (180 moni i te tau, mo te ora).

I te 1904 i tuhituhi e ia tona rongonui maau "Homeland" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ko nga wa katoa te kaituhi no ki te whenua te wahi i whanau ai ia i te mana'o motuhake. Ko te kaupapa o he tokomaha o ana mahi tenei.

I te 1905 ka e ia he mema whakaritea Drozhzhin i te University o Moscow Society o Lovers o Russian Literature. A i roto i te 1910, i runga i Hakihea 29, riro ia te Academy Russian o Sciences. Ko tōna rahi, ko te 500 moni. i whakawhiwhia ia mo ngā kohinga Drozhzhinov 1907-09. Oketopa 19, 1915, i tetahi atu pukapuka Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs o te kaiparau tawhito" (whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1913), i whakawhiwhia e te Academy o Sciences. i whakawhiwhia Drozhzhin te "Pushkin" arotake.

Ko te whakatau he o te whawhai imperialist me te tautoko o te Oketopa Revolution

Noho i roto i te kainga, Spyridon D. aroturuki o ngā nui i roto i te ora o te hapori. riro ia tetahi o te torutoru kaituhi Russian, e kaha whakahe i te whawhai imperialist. I 1916, i reira ko Drozhzhina maau "Down ki te pakanga!". Ona ngā toto i roto i te 1914 i huaina "he o tuaukiuki o te mohoao makaka" i roto i tona rātaka Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Tona haurongo tohua e te whakatamarikitanga o te Oketopa Revolution, i te mea punake-tau 69-tawhito tutaki ki te koa. Ia ka anga tonu ki te whai wāhi i roto i te ratonga hapori. Drozhzhin ko he mema o te komiti whakahaere o te taone, haere ia puta noa i te whenua, i kite i te tangata rohe ana mahi. Pehe i roto i te tau 1919 ka tiamana o nga Writers 'Congress-proletarians i roto i te kawanatanga Tver. tonu Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina rotarota ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i te tā.

"Songs o mahi me te aroraa"

I te tau 1923 ka puta ia i tona kohinga ui ko e "Songs o mahi, me te aroraa." Ia tohua tonu nga oro'a mahana e rua o te rohi pehe - te 75raa o tona whanautanga, me te huritau 50 o te mahi auaha. I te take o enei rā i pōtitia Spyridon D. he mema hōnore o te reira Russian Union o Poets. I tua atu, puta te ingoa whare pukapuka tohutoro Drozhzhina i Tver. I muri i te 5 tau, i runga i te take o te tau 80raa, riro Spyridon D. nga mihi o te USSR Academy o Sciences. I haina te reira e A. P. Karpinskim, tona peresideni.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Drozhzhin Mahuru 28, 1928, ka tutaki ki a Maxim Gorky i Moscow. I roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora mahi Spyridon D. i te Compilations e whai ake nei: "Songs" (whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1928), "Way-ara" me "Songs kaiahuwhenua" (e rua - 1929). "Songs o te kaiahuwhenua," ko te pukapuka o te rohi pehe whakamutunga whakaputaina i roto i tona ora. rite ano e Drozhzhin mō te tā i te-rōrahi wha "Kua oti te Works." I tua atu, ka kawea e ia "Notes i runga i te ora me te whiti" tae noa ki 1930.

ka mate te rohi pehe i roto i tona Nizovka taketake te tau o 82. mutunga tenei te haurongo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. korero poto inaianei e pā ana ki tona kainga tupu auaha.

Āhuatanga me hanga uara Drozhzhina

Puehu me te whare i noho ai te rohipehe mo te nuinga o tona ora, i roto i 1938, i whakawhitia ki te kainga o Zavidovo (Kalinin rohe). He he he taonga whakamahara o te rohi pehe, ka haere mai te wahi maha faahinaaro tona taranata o tenei ra.

ko te tino roa, neke atu i te 60 nga tau ara Creative Spyridon Dmitrievich. I fakafiemālie mīharo hoki e ia. Drozhzhin tukuna i roto i tona kohinga ora o 32, 20 o nei - tae noa ki 1917. Me kï reira e te mau irava Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina tikanga whakairo pāhiwihiwi. Heoi kitea pūkenga me te taranata taketake i roto i te wahi pai o te kainga tupu o tenei kaituhi. I roto i te mahi Drozhzhina mana o taua kaitito rite Nekrasov, Koltsov ko Nikitin. I roto i te maha o ana mahi, no ki te tau 80-90-th, taiawhiotia rotarota Nadsona S. Ya pono, māhorahora, te tinihangakore, me te tapatahi -. Ko nga huru maitatai e tohua maau Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina enei. Ka taea te huaina reira he kaiwaiata o te ora kaiahuwhenua. Ko e founga tautuhia e ia te ngako o tona karangatanga ki te kaupae tuatahi i roto i te tuhinga ( "toku purakau", 1875).

He tokomaha o nga mahi o te rohi pehe tomo te pakiwaitara ( "Songs o nga kaimahi", "Song o te hoia"). E rave rahi o ana whiti i whakaturia ki te waiata i te kaitito pērā i V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. et al. F. I. Shalyapin whakamana e rua waiata i runga i ngā whiti o te rohi pehe rite Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Haurongo mō ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki whakaturia atu i roto i tenei tuhinga homai anake te māramatanga ausia o tona mahi. He pai ki te korero tika ki te rotarota, ki matau i te tikanga me ngā āhuatanga o te mōteatea Spyridon Dmitrievich.