Pneumocystis kakā: take, tohu, maimoatanga. kakā Pneumocystis i roto i HIV-huaketo

Hauora - te mea tino faufaa taea whai te tangata. tūmanako tangata katoa ki te ora roa, ka e kore tukua e i te mate ngā. taui te mate te iwi tua atu āhukahuka - hei ratou pouri, ratou ahua he rawakore, i reira he tau'a ki te mea katoa e tupu e tawhio noa, a i roto i ētahi wā kotahi atawhai me te āwhina ki nga matenga iwi o ētahi atu iwi tahuri ki mamae, me te manuki.

Ko te mate e manawapa ana kahore tetahi. e kore e ārai i te mōrea o te kirimana tetahi mate Ahakoa pēpi. I tua atu, i te mamae ite kore anake tūroro ratou, engari ano hoki o ratou mea aroha. Ko reira uaua rawa ki te akakoromaki i to ratou kare me mana'o o te mau metua e whai tamariki e i kitea tenei ranei e māuiuitanga. Kids no o ratou tau taitamariki e kore tonu e taea e whakamārama he aha e āwangawanga ratou e pā ana ki, he aha ngā wāhanga o te tinana i roto i te mamae, me pehea faaite te reira iho.

mate haavare he PCP. Ka taea e koe te riro huaketo hea me, haapapu, ara i roto i ngā whakaurunga hauora. faingataa te āhuatanga e te meka e kitea te mate i te wā wawe o tona whanaketanga ko te tino uaua. E mea pinepine, e te ite iwi e hiahia ratou āwhina hauora ina kua ngaro wā tino. Ko Ko te aha te auau te mate i pneumocystosis tiketike rawa. e kore e whakahaere tonu Doctors ki te whakaora i te ora o te tangata.

Pāngia "pneumocystis"

Iwi kahore nei a ratou mea ki te mahi i ki rongoa, te nuinga o ratou iti matau i roto i te kupu hauora. Na reira, ko te tātaritanga o rongo "pneumocystis" ranei "PCP", ko ratou i te mate, a tae noa taka ki te hiamoe. I roto i te meka, e kore e mataku. Tuatahi, e hiahia ana koe ki te ata iho, wahia tahi koe ka ui koutou tākuta i taipitopito, i roto i te mau parau ohie ki te whakamārama he aha te mea te reira.

Pneumocystis maha tuku ki rite PCP, i te mea he mate kararehe pūtautahi e pā te pūkahukahu. Activators māuiuitanga whakaaro microorganisms, mohiotia rite Pneumocystis carinii. Tae noa tata, whakapono pūtaiao e no ratou ki nga momo o te māmā. Heoi, te āhua tata i runga i te pūtake o maha akoranga i faaoti i te reira e enei microorganisms i etahi āhuatanga motuhake ki te harore. Pneumocystis carinii Ko te werau e pāngia e te tangata anake. I te iti rawa i roto i nga kararehe reira tae noa tenei ra kahore kitea noa kotahi.

Eaha te tupu i roto i te PCP o te manawanui?

Huringa i roto i te pneumocystosis tika tinana whakawhirinaki i runga i rua ngā āhuatanga: i runga i te aha ngā āhuatanga koiora he tukumate o kakā, me te āhua o te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata. Pneumocystis, kotahi i roto i te tinana, timata ratou mua i roto i te wahi romahā, ki te he rerenga ratou, ka whiwhi ki te alveoli. Tenei tīmata hāngai ratou huringa ora. He ratou tini, haere mai ratou ki te whakapā ki te surfactant me te tuku metabolites paitini. Aro ki a Pneumocystis carinii T-lymphocytes, me te pera-ka karanga macrophages kauae. Heoi, he pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore, e kore e anake e taea kore tiaki tona ope i mate, engari rawa te anga ke - kua te pānga ritenga: whakaongaonga reira ka whakanuia ana te maha o Pneumocystis.

Mutu kore te tangata tini hauora o Pneumocystis carinii mōrearea. Ko te āhuatanga taui radically ki he rawakore te pūnaha ārai mate. I roto i tenei take, whakahohe te mate i te tere uira, a ka i roto i te wā poto ngā o te wā te maha o Pneumocystis, mau i roto i te marama tae kotahi piriona. Āta te tino tonu wāhi pūtake, hoatu ara ki te exudate foamy, tauwhatinga o te membrane tapatahi leukocytes alveoli me te mutunga ki te tūkino me te i runga i, te alveolocytes whakangaromanga muri. Nā ki te meka e pai miharo: Pneumocystis ki alveolocytes, heke mata romahā o te pūkahukahu. Ka rite ki te hua, haamata kino pūkahukahu kiko te tukanga o te pā kauae-capillary.

Hei hanga i tō ake membrane pūtau, e hiahiatia ana Pneumocystis carinii surfactant tangata phospholipids. Nā tēnei, i reira ko te hara o te pākia surfactant me tino hë hypoxia pūkahukahu kiko.

Ko wai te mea te nuinga i mōrearea o te tahi atu mate?

He taiea momo o kakā mohiotia ki te rā i ia atu, tae atu i te meka e te mōrea o te whanake kitea ki ngā kāwai rerekē o te iwi. Pneumocystis i roto i tenei tikanga kahore he okotahi. Kei te tino noa whakawhanake te reira i roto i:

• tamariki taimi halá,;
• tamariki me ngā tamariki e te wāhi ki te mate bronchopulmonary whakapeka kino, kua takoha mo te wa roa ki te kia i roto i te hōhipera, me te waha he therapy wā-roa matatini, me te;
• iwi e mate ana oncological me gemozabolevaniyami me tukinotia ki cytostatics me corticosteroids, me te aro ki ngā pathologies tākihi me kopa tūhonohono, puta rite ki te hua o te transplantation o te okana ngā ā-;
• tūroro TB e riro roa antibacterials puai;
• HIV-huaketo tūroro.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, tuku te mate e rūrūtia mahino, me ona puna o te iwi hauora, te nuinga o te katoa - kaimahi i roto i ngā hōhipera. I tenei kaupapa, te nuinga o pūtaiao nui tautohe e te PCP - anake mate pahoho. Ahakoa tenei, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamārama i etahi o nga kaiwhakaako e tautoko i te tirohanga e te whanaketanga o pneumocystosis i roto i te wā fā'ele'i ko te hua o te mate o te kukune i roto i te kopu.

He aha tohu e te tohu e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te pneumocystis kakā i roto i ngā tamariki?

Me te Dads e tino tairongo ki te hauora o ratou tamariki i nga wa katoa. Ehara i te mea maere e hiahia ana ratou ki te mohio me pehea ki te tāutu i kakā i te wā. O te akoranga, ka taea e te tātaritanga whakamutunga anake e he tākuta, engari ki te tautuhi kia taea nga tohu tuatahi o te mate ki tetahi matua mohio. Ka taea e ia ra ngaro arahi ki te meka e kia whai i te kakā më, pneumocystis, me ētahi atu pōauautanga te tamaiti.

Pneumocystis kakā i roto i ngā tamariki te whakawhanake tikanga, tīmata i rua marama o te tau. Nuinga o ngā wā ka pā te mate te hunga tamariki e kua tāutuhia mua mate cytomegalovirus. Puta ana te mate i roto i to ratou kakā puka interstitsianalnoy puāwaitanga. Kia aroha mai, tākuta ia ite e i te wāhanga tuatahi ko te tata e taea ki te kitea te mate i taua, pērā i Pneumocystis kakā. puta tohumate i muri. Ko te tohu matua tuhu ki te whanaketanga tere o te mate ngā:

• rawa kaha te mare teteko e;
• urutā Periodic o breathlessness (he pai i te po);
• etahi tamariki ki reira he rere o waiwai, foamy, hina, me te hūpē Kaore.

Ko te wā heki o te mate ko te 28 ra. I roto i te ngaro o te maimoatanga tika me te wā, auau tahuti o ngā tamariki e mate ana i te pneumocystis, tae 60%. I tua atu, hou e whai Pneumocystis kakā puta kahore tohu kitea, i reira te mea he tūponotanga ka nui e whakaatu syndrome taunutia i roto i te heke mai e tata ana. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te ngawhatanga o te mucous tenei. Ki te te kore e kia akiaki āwhina takuta whakaratohia tō tamaiti, e taea kia puta ke syndrome taunutia ki laryngitis, me ngā tamariki pakeke - i roto i te syndrome huangō.

Tohu e kitea i roto i ngā pakeke

Kakā i roto i te iwi paari, me te taitamariki e wahi i roto i te ara uaua nui atu i roto i nga kohungahunga, me ngā tamariki taitamariki. Te whakaeke mate te iwi whanau te nuinga ki te ārai, te hunga ki nei kua whakawhanakehia e ia i runga i te oranga ranei. Heoi, e kore te mea he tikanga kore e brooked te ine mahora iti tenei. I roto i ētahi wā, puta Pneumocystis kakā i roto i te tūroro ki te pūnaha ārai mate rawa hauora.

Ko te wā heki o te mate rerekē i 2 ki te 5 ra. He nga tohu e whai ake nei i te manawanui:

• kirika,
• migraine,
• ngoikore i roto i te tinana katoa,
• sweating nui,
• Ua ite mamae i roto i te pouaka,
• nui mamae romahā tahi e te mare maroke mākū ranei me tachypnea.

Haunga nga tohu taketake runga ake, i ētahi wā tuhia taua tohu rite acrocyanosis, retraction o nga āputa i waenganui i te rara, cyanosis (kikorangi) tapatoru nasolabial.

Ahakoa i muri i te akoranga tonu o te maimoatanga i roto i te tahi mau tūroro i reira he he motuhake tau mō pōauautanga kakā Pneumocystis. wheako ētahi tūroro i te hohokitanga. Doctors mea e ki te reira ko te matahoki roto 6 marama i te take tuatahi o te mate, kōrero reira e whakahoutia he mate i roto i te tinana te. A, ki te puta te reira neke atu i te 6 marama, ka e korero tatou e pā ana ki te mate hou reinfection ranei.

Te kore maimoatanga tika o te tahuti nei i roto i tūroro pakeke ki awhe pneumocystis i 90 me ki runga ki te 100%.

Tohu o te mate i roto i HIV-huaketo

Pneumocystis kakā i roto i HIV-huaketo, rite te ātete ki te iwi e kore e nei i whakawhanake te huaketo rawa āta. Mai i te momeniti ina haamata te reira ari prodromal, me i mua i te whawhai tohu pūkahukahu motuhake, kia tangohia ai i te 4 ki te 8-12 wiki. Na reira, tākuta i te whakapae iti o te aroaro o te mate i roto i te tinana, i roto i te tua ki ētahi atu whakamātautau, e tūtohu ana i roto i taua tūroro mahi pouaka X-hihi.

Ko te tohu matua o te pneumocystosis i roto i te tūroro AIDS ngā:

• High pāmahana (38 ki te 40 ° C), e kore nei e taka i roto i 2-3 marama;
• mate taimaha ohorere;
• mare maroke;
• hāhā o te manawa;
• te whakanui ake i iti hoki romahā.

Ko o te tirohanga e whai atu momo o te kakā i roto i te tūroro HIV-huaketo te taua tohu rite pneumocystosis te nuinga o ngā pūkenga. Na reira, i roto i nga tīmatanga o te mate ki te whakatau he aha te momo o te kakā i roto i te manawanui e wahi tata e taea. Kia aroha mai, ka whakakitea Pneumocystis kakā i roto i te tūroro HIV-huaketo, te reira te ngaro kua rawa nui te wā, ka pau ko te tino uaua te tinana ki te whawhai mate.

Kia pehea te e pāngia ki te pneumocystis?

He pono e mohio katoa te titiro o pūkahukahu o te tangata. ora ake Photos o tenei tinana te ia i roto i te pukapuka i runga i anatomy ranei i runga i nga turanga i roto i te whare hauora ranei i roto i tetahi atu puna ranei. Ko te kōrero ki te rā, i reira he kahore kaimahi. I tua atu, tākuta whakamahara aku tūroro katoa e kia hanga e ratou he ā-tau pouaka X-hihi. Anga ke ki te whakaaro o maha, e kore te mea he tahitanga, rata "picky", me he hiahia kōhukihuki tenei. hanga tenei reira taea ki te tautuhi i te marama wa-te toe'a ki X-hihi, a hemo kahore wa ki te timata maimoatanga. Ko te wawe ka mohio tatou e pā ana ki te mate, ka waiho i te nui te whai wāhi mō te ora.

Heoi, e mohio whakauaua te tangata o tatou e founga ki te faaite mai i runga i radiographs PCP. e kore e kitea Photos o tenei ahua i roto i te pukapuka te kura i te pukapuka tohutoro hauora me mātauranga mo te nuinga o te iwi noa e kore e meinga tetahi moni. Ano, matou ara e kore e whai kanohi rite pāngia te mate te, ahakoa e kore e kino ia matau.

Tuatahi, hanga he tātaritanga tuatahi te. ui te tākuta te manawanui e pā ana ki tona hoapā ki te iwi no ki ngā rōpū mōrearea (HIV-huaketo me ngā tūroro AIDS).

I muri e te tātaritanga whakamutunga. Ko te rangahau taiwhanga me mauhaa e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te rata ta te aronga o te manawanui i runga i te huringa tātaritanga toto noa. Kei te unu ngā aro ki nga taumata teitei o eosinophils, lymphocytes, leukocytes me monocytes. I roto i te tūroro ki te pneumocystis kia anemia ngawari me te pūtoto paku tuku iho.
2. Whakaritea whakamātautau mauhaa. Ko reira e pā ana ki rengenografii ki nei te wā fakapapau'i o te mate. He he X-ray, e te mea mārama kitea pūkahukahu o te tangata. Kei te piri ana te whakaahua ki te kāri manawanui. I roto i te wā tuatahi i te reira tino ngāwari tauira taonga. Ki te oho pneumocystis ki te atamira tuarua, ko reira mārama kitea i runga i te marama mohimohiraa X-ray. Huaketo taea e rānei anake te maui ranei te pūkahukahu tika anake, engari e taea te patua a tetahi me tetahi.
3. I roto i te tikanga ki te kitea te aroaro o pneumocystosis, te tikanga whakatau te tākuta ki te pupuri i te ako parasitological. He aha te mea te reira? tangohia te manawanui tuatahi te ki te tātari i te tauira o te hūpē. Hoki tenei huihui ki ngā tikanga pērā i bronchoscopy, bronchoscopy me te unuhanga. I tua atu, e taea te whiwhi te tauira mā te whakamahi i pera-ka karanga te tikanga o te arataki o te mare.
4. I roto i te tikanga ki te tāutu i paturopi mō Pneumocystis whakahaere ako serological ngā i roto i te meka i tangohia te rerekētanga i roto i te 2 wiki te te manawanui ki te tātaritanga o te serum 2. Ki te ia o ratou ite teitei atu i titer uara noa o te iti rawa i te take o te 2, te auraa e te tangata he mate. whakahaeretia ana tēnei ako i roto i te tikanga ki te whakakore i te pāpāho mua, rite kitea paturopi i roto i pā ana ki 70% o te iwi.
5. Ki te kitea antigens werau i roto i sputum, me nga tauira unuhanga me lavage tātaritanga PCR whakamana broncho-kauae.

pneumocystosis atamira

E toru ngā wāhanga ngā o PCP:

• oedematous (1-7 wiki);
• atelektaticheskuyu (toharite 4 wiki);
• emphysematous (o inā rerekē).

āhuatanga pneumocystosis atamira Edematous ahua tuatahi o te ngoikore puta noa te tinana, lethargy, mare, me te ka he onge, āta onoono, a anake i te mutunga o te wā - he mare kaha maroke, me te hāhā o te manawa i roto i mahi. Kohungahunga ū kino, e kore e hoatu ki runga ki te taimaha, me te tahi mau taime te kore ki te waiu o tona whaea. e kore te No huringa nui i roto i te marama X-ray kitea.

I roto i atelektaticheskoy atamira kitea febrile kirika te. Kei te nui whakarei mare me puta foamy sputum. Hāhā o te manawa puta noa i roto i mahi iti. I te X-ray huringa atelektaticheskie kitea.

I roto i te tūroro e ora nga wā tuatahi 2, te whakawhanake atamira pneumocystosis emphysematous, i roto i nei te mahi mahi heke o manawa, me te whakaatu tohu o emphysema.

kakā tohu

I roto i te rongoa, ki te wehewehe i nga nekehanga e whai ake o te pakeke o te mate:

• marama, āhuatanga nei i te he tāoke ngoikore kore te (pāmahana kore rawa 38 ° C, me te mahara nezatumanennoe) i okiokinga tohua dyspnoea, Eclipse o te marama kitea i runga i te iti x-ray;
• toharite, te āhuatanga haurangi āhua (nui pāmahana 38 ° C, tae patu 100 ngakau ia meneti, amuamu te manawanui o nui haere sweating , etc ...), i dyspnea okiokinga te kitea i runga i x-ray kiriata kookuhutanga mārama kitea o te pūkahukahu;
• taimaha rerengia ana e te haurangi nui (pāmahana pane nui 39 ° C, palpitations nui 100 kapakapa ki te meneti, i reira te mea he kuawa), ahu whakamua iti hoki romahā, a he kitea i runga i x-ray whānui kookuhutanga o nga pūkahukahu, pea ki te whakawhanake i ngā pōauautanga.

He aha te rongoā whakaritea te ki tūroro PCP?

Käore e kore e te matauranga o te pehea, ki te tāutu i pūkahukahu mumura, ko te tāpiri nui mō te tangata ia. Heoi, e kore te mea nui tenei. e kore e tākuta me te tātaritanga tika e kore e taea te hoatu e matou. Kahore he tetahi momo o kakā me whakatau kakā unilateral më ranei, pneumocystis, me ētahi atu momo o te mate ke e kore e taea e tona ringa. Na reira, e kore e taea e te maimoatanga-whaiaro haere me te korero. Ko te mea matua - e kore e ki te whakaroa me te ki whakawhirinaki taote. I muri i te whakahaere katoa tākuta rangahau e tika ana ka taea e tika te utu i te mutunga i runga i ranei te take o te mate te manawanui ko Pneumocystis kakā. homai Treatment te i muri i anake haamauraa o te tātaritanga takoto i roto i te whakahaere o mehua haumaru whakahaere me te therapy tarukino.

ngā mahi whakahaere-tikanga ngā hohipera mahuinga ia. I roto i te hōhipera e tango te manawanui rongoā me te kai tūtohutia e te tākuta.

Kei Drug therapy o etiotrop, pathogenetic me te maimoatanga symptomatic. Tūroro te nuinga o kaitūtohu "Pentamidine" "furazolidone" "Trichopolum" "Biseptolum", me ngā taero anti-inflammatory, taero e whakatairanga, me te whakahaere i te expectoration o sputum expectoration, mucolytics.

"Biseptol" whakahaerea nei waha e pâmuhia ranei. Ko pai te noatia te tarukino me te he pai ki te "Pentamidine" te whakarite o tūroro kore e mate ana i AIDS. "Pentamidine" whakahaerea intramuscularly pâmuhia ranei.

HIV-pangia tūroro, i roto i era atu mea, te fariiraa i therapy toohunga no te mea Pneumocystis ratou puta kakā rite ki te hua o te pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore. Pneumocystosis mō te rongoā AIDS tūroro i roto i nga tau tata nei, kua whakamahia piki te difluoromethylornithine alpha (DFMO).

ārai

Prevention pneumocystosis ngā he maha o ngā mahi, i roto i nei kia tuhia te whai:

1. Hei whakakore i te mate i roto i ngā wāhi hauora o ngā tamariki i roto i ngā hōhipera, e kua tukinotia tūroro oncological me hematological, te tokotoko katoa, kaore he aweretanga, kia wā te uiui mo te aroaro o te mate.
2. Drug prophylaxis o tangata i tūpono. Ko o rua momo tenei ārai: tuatahi (i mua i te tīmata ratou ki te whakawhanake i te mate) me tuarua (ārai i muri i ora oti ki te ārai hohokitanga).
3. te kitenga wawe o te pneumocystis kakā me wehe tonu o te manawanui.
4. disinfection te wā i roto i ngā wāhi i reira i tuhia urutā pneumocystosis. Ki te mahi i tenei, mahi horoi mākū, mā te whakamahi i te 5% otinga o te māota hātea.