Oneone - he aha te mea te reira? Making uku

Porcelain me te oneone - ko te uaua tino (i roto i ngā o te manufacturability) momo o ngā hua uku tenei. Hoki i runga i rima tenetere, e whakamahia ratou mo te hanga o te hokona, taonga, tūemi roto, taipitopito paruru.

He aha te mea te reira - faience? He aha ngā momo o te porcelain kei reira? ahumahi porcelain pehea whakawhanakehia i roto i Russia hou? Pahonoraa ki enei pātai e taea te kitea i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

Oneone - he aha te mea te reira? Ko te hītori o te oneone

"Faience" - he kupu o te take Italian. Kei te tika hono reira ki te pa o Faenza, roa kua nei kua he pokapū nui o production uku i roto i Europe. He aha te mea te reira - faience? Ko reira mātotoru, me te miro maiengi tuhinga uku. Tikanga, te mea he tae ma, me te te pīata hipoki (mārama puhoi ranei).

Faience (rite, te mea, me porcelain) Kei o wha kai māori. Tenei kaolin, kiripaka, te wherepāra, pōro paru. e kore Material tohaina rawaka kaha, na te hipokina tona nui noa pīata. I runga i te hanganga o te huna hoki e rave rahi momo o uku:

• alumina;
• kotakota;
• fireclay;
• wherepāra (Ko tino rongonui te momo).

Ko te kupu, i kitea e matou e tenei oko. Tenei hua ko te wā tuatahi ako ki te mahi i nga Ihipiana ko Hainamana (a tawhio noa V rau). I muri mai, i roto i nga anotau Middle, uku i hanga i roto i Korea, Japan me Iran. I roto i Europe, "tunu" o tona production haere mai anake i roto i te rau tau XVI.

Ki te rā, te uku pai i roto i te ao whakaputa whenua pērā i Tiamana, France, Japan, UK, China ko Italy.

Porcelain me ona rerekē

Ko te kupu "porcelain" mai i te faghfur Pahia. Tenei ahua o te uku i te mea roa, hau me te resistance wai. Porcelain whiwhi e pupuhi kaolin ki tua atu o te wherepāra, kiripaka me etahi atu wāhanga. I roto i tenei tukanga, he ma parakore, ataahua, me te waea i te rauemi hua.

Kei te whakapono te reira e porcelain "whakaaro" te Hainamana i roto i te rau tau VI. A i muri anake i te mano tau o te hangarau ahumahi kua wātea ki Pakeha. Roa i mua ka ia ki a Central Asia, te nuinga e tika ana ki te Silk Road. I te mutunga o te rau tau XVII timata ki te whakaputa i porcelain i Amerika, a, i te timatanga o te XVIII - i roto i Russia.

E toru ngā momo o te porcelain, e rerekē tino i roto i ngā āhuatanga kounga me te matua:

• totoka (porcelain Tohutoro whiwhi e pupuhi pāmahana teitei, reira paku puatakore);
• wheua (tenei momo o te porcelain whakaputaina e tika ana ki te tua o te ranunga o wheua tahuna mate, ko reira ono tekau, mārama, me te rawa roa);
• ngohengohe (he ahua motuhake o te porcelain e tu ake te porosity me te tae kirīmi ataahua).

Ko te tukanga o te hanga uku

Oneone, haina me te rite, hangaia e tata te ara iahiko taua. Hangarau, he mea he tukanga kaua uaua, e ngā pā ana ki 80 rerekē ngā mahi. I roto i te whānui, ka taea e tetahi wehewehe wāhanga matua e rima o te hanga o ngā hua ārai:

1. taahiraa faaineineraa (te ranu ki te wai, me te paru kaolin, kuru me te huri kohatu, te faaineineraa papatipu kirihou).
2. Hanganga o te hua.
3. Drying - tuatahi (i roto i te puka), me te whakamutunga.
4. He wera hua (tino maha whakamahia te pupuhi e rua-wā).
5. Glazing me hua whakarakai (Ka taea e peita e taa ranei mōhinuhinu).

huru no te porcelain e uku?

I roto i te whānui, e kore te mea nui rerekē i te oko porcelain. A ka waiho uaua ki te whakatau he aha te ahua o te uku i roto i mua o ia i te tangata ngawari. Tenei ko te torutoru ngā matua e ka āwhina i ki te wehe porcelain i uku:

• hei wāhanga o te oneone uku nui ake (e pā ana ki 85% o te taimaha katoa);
• ka titiro i te rauemi i runga i te marama e whiti i roto i porcelain me te oneone - e kore;
• Kei te waea tonu porcelain, ara ka tuku hoki i te patopato marama, faience me hoki he iti te haruru puhoi;
• i runga i te wā, te hua o te oneone hipoki ki te wharepungāwerewere o kapiti iti, e kore te mea te reira angamaheni mo te porcelain;
• hua uku e te nuinga o nui taimaha ake i te hua rite i porcelain;
• Ko porcelain tonu ma, engari kia whai i te uku te momo o tupapaku.

ahumahi porcelain i roto i Russia hou

ahumahi porcelain Ko te manga o te ahumahi marama, me te mätanga i te hanga o okouku pai - hokona, itiiti, uku, tūemi roto, me te ngā taonga. I roto i Russia, ka anga ona hītori roto i 1744 ka whakaritea te wheketere tuatahi i roto i St Petersburg. I roto i te rau tau XIX i runga i te rohe o te kingitanga, i reira e kua tekau o wheketere mo te hanga o te porcelain me oneone. I roto i te wā Soviet, kua tata'i toru te maha o taua kamupene.

I teie mahana ahumahi porcelain o Russia te haere i roto i ona wa pai. He 11 anake kamupene i roto i te ahumahi te whenua. e whakato reira:

• Kislovodsk "Porcelain Phoenix."
• wheketere porcelain Andreapolsky.
• "Porcelain Sysert".
• "Porcelain Kuznetsovsky".
• wheketere porcelain Gzhel.
• PC "porcelain Dulevo".
• "Porcelain Pahikia".
• "Porcelain Verbilok".
• Imperial Porcelain Factory.
• wheketere porcelain Rechitsky.
• PKF "Kubanfarfor".

Ko te rangatira o te hanga porcelain i Russia ko te Imperial Porcelain Factory (Ipf) i roto i St Petersburg. Kua pai te kaweake ona hua ki te maha o nga whenua. IPE aroaro Products i te whare taonga Hermitage, London ko New York.