Mask Zelinsky: whakaahuatanga, hītori o hanga me arotake

Ko te whakatamarikitanga o "poma piro" ranei patu matū i roto i te pakanga e pā ana ki te whawhai Tiamana i mua i roto i te tau 1915. Na, ka tukua 170 taranata o māota, tukua ana e ia ki runga ki te 15 mano iwi ngaro e pā ana ki 5000 hoia o te ope French. Ki te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, me te tenenga e pā ana te tikanga ao o te tiaki ki patu matū, e totonu no ki Russia. Tenei kanohi Zelinsky. tiaki kē parau tumu o te mahi me te birch waro whakahohe taua whakatupuranga o hoia Russian me tonu ki te whakaora i ora, i roto i te whawhai kahore anake engari ano i roto i te rangimarie.

take matua

Pātai o tuku iho hītori, me te tuwhera pionie i teie mahana. Ko e mo'oni, Professor me ihi o te hau kanohi Zelinskiy Nikolay Dmitrievich (1861 - te tau 1953), i titiro te rite moepuku ki te tiaki i te ārai mo tona tenenga, i roto i te meka, whakawhanakehia e ia te tikanga o te riringi chloropicrin - tetahi o nga āpiha paitini o te whawhai imperialist. A, ki te i roto i te waenganui o te rautau XX te pātai o Russian tenenga hau kanohi aito (huna kanohi Zelinsky - Kummanta) ko pono wä, i tenei ra kua riro te reira i te uara mātauranga. Na whakaaro ranei te take ki te pātai tauira kanohi Venetian whiu kōrero.

Ko te hītori o te tiaki: te whawhai, me te rangimarie

He he taunakitanga e te kaikeri o Kariki tawhito whakamahia he kanohi ki te tātari o otaota maroke. Arab teina Banu Musa, pūkenga rangatira o Baghdad IV rautau, ki te ārai i poisoning o kaimahi i keri poka. Ko te tino rite ki te kanohi whakaaro he pūrere hangarau. I nira te reira i kanohi ki tātari whakakapinga. Ahakoa i hoki nga rauemi tātari hanga i otaota maroke, ko ratou rawa rite ki te tikanga tiaki matū hou.

I roto i te Anotau, ki te putanga o te urutā o urutā whiu me te whanaketanga o te ako o miasms (taonga kino ki te tangata) ko CONTAG (matūriki paitini tuku i roto i te kiri, me te i te manawa), i reira te mea he kete Anti Venetian. Tenei kakahu me karapu haurangi i roto i te uku, me "ngutu", kei nei i roto whiriwhiringa whakato.

I 1799 i reira ko te kanohi o Alexander von Humboldt, mo te te tātari me te purenga o oku haurehu me te tiaki i nga kaikeri.

Otiia i homai te ārai tuatahi mo te kanohi hau ki Lewis Haslett i 1849 i roto i Kentucky, USA. taputapu auraa mō te tātari kaikeri i mahi papanga mātotoru o huruhuru, i ngā te manawa takirere.

A, no te te kikorangi whero o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka i 1838 i roto i Saint - patua Petersburg 60 rangatira, e kore ratou i whakaora kopare Pipe. i hanga e ratou o te karaihe ki te ngongo wai, a i ki kia tiakina i te konuoi kohu. Otiia e kore e kua te hoahoa i hiri, a ko e te take o te paihana o kaimahi.

Coal hei adsorbent

John Stengauz i roto i te 1854 mea whakaaro he respirator, i meinga te waro adsorbent matua. Ko reira he kanohi e rua-apa, i whakanohoia i waenganui i ngā paparanga o te sorbent - waro paura.

Tuarua o Mikhail Lomonosov, academician o te Russian Academy o Sciences Iogann Tobias Lovitz e whakaarohia te whakamahi o te birch waro mo te purenga wai, tiaki i pirau kai.

kaiaka o Zelinsky ko e ia te tuatahi whakamahia rite te waro whakahohe scavenger - waro ki te kaha adsorption nui haere. He waro rite rawa ko te 1,500 sq. mita o te mata maiengi ki te 1 henemita pūtoru.

Adsorbent me tightness kanohi rite Zelinsky

Ko te hītori o tenei tikanga o hono tiaki matū te ki ingoa tetahi, tika ka tuarua te taitara i roto i te kanohi hau - Emond Kummanta, kaihangarau o te wheketere "Tapatoru".

Kua homai e te Patent Office UK he ārai mō Emond Kummantu te tenenga o te kanohi taketake. He raru e kanohi, me te te hiri ki whakaorangia ratou te mata i te whakapā iti ki matū paitini i roto i te kiri.

takoha tū te whawhai imperialist te hoariri ki te rapu tikanga o te pakanga ki te whakamahi o ngā matū paitini. Ko te whāinga matua, ko te ki te rapu i tiaki, tae atu ki ngā whiriwhiringa ao, me te pono kanohi paruru. Ko reira taua kua he rongoa kua whai whakaaro mai kanohi.

Mask Zelinsky: hanganga

He ko e toru Momo - mua, Moscow me te mōhiohio.

Ko te tuatahi, i roto i te 1915, ka tomo mahi tauira kanohi mua. Potae whakakakahuria i runga i te kanohi kātene tapawhā he rua rahi pouaka raro 200: 80: 50 mitamano. Kei te soldered raro raro ki te runga hiri ki te puru i roto i te mangai o te taua o runga, engari teitei. I waenganui ia ratou ko te mata whakarewa ki te apa o te whāriki i runga i ngā taha e rua. I waenganui whakanohoia te papa whāriki i whakahohe 3-6 mm potakataka waro. rōrahi tātari i 700 cc. cm, roa - 174 mm. Pouaka tiaki pōtae o tine. Ko te kanohi i piri te pouaka karaka rīpene.

tomo Moscow tauira mahi i roto i te 1916, ka ko he pouaka iti ki te āhua porotītaha. Ko te rōrahi o te tātari waro ka 1,000 henimita pūtoru.

Heoi, kua whakakitea whakamātautau te hiahia ki te whakapai ake. Na reira ko te putanga tuatoru o te kanohi Zelinsky - te momo o te kōaro anti-hau whakato. Ko ia he iti poto atu i te kotahi o mua, me te pouaka porotītaha.

Whakamātautau o ngā pūrere

Ko te Russian hau ope kanohi Zelinsky - Kummanta puta i roto i te hotoke 2016. I roto i nga tau e rua o te whawhai kua hua Russia neke atu i 11 miriona nga wahi o te tiaki raraunga.

ka mau parau haapoupou kanohi Zelinsky wahi i runga i te parekura o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. mātakitaki i ngā whakamātautau ākonga N. D. Zelinskogo Nikolai Shilov. Ko ia te tangata e te whakaaro ki a Ahorangi papanga tātari waro. Nona ia me te tātari, ki te manatoko i te tōtika o te tiaki matū i roto i taiwhanga pūkoro, me te te whakahaere o ngā kura mo nga kaimahi o te ope Russian, i kawea i roto i te whakamahi o te whakangungu taputapu tiaki - huna kanohi Zelinsky. kua kï History te faufaa o enei kura, me te kore o te whakarongo ki a ratou e te kupu.

Huapai me ngā huakore

Ko te taea o te horoi i te rangi i ngā matū paitini me te kitea o te adsorbent pai - te kitenga papû-e hanga te ahorangi Nd Zelinsky. Respirator tona tenenga i te wa o te tupu i kahore analogs i roto i te rauemi absorbent. He momo hou o te tātari kihai i tino hāneanea engari whai hua taua hau kanohi Russian.

Ko te kanohi tuatahi Zelinsky i ona drawbacks. Ko ētahi o ēnei te whai ake:

• I roto i te pouaka kanohi āhuatanga whawhai pokanoa ki huringa o te matenga;
• I mua ki te whakamahi i, i reira ko he hiahia mo te tahia, i pakanga ki raro i te tauiraa.
• Misting, i hanga reira ararau uaua;
• whakarongo iti me te eita o hoatu whakahau i te waea;
• hoia Russian illiteracy nei i taea ki te pānui i te tohutohu i mua i te whakamahi.

Kopare o te whawhai

Ko te whenua - kihai i kaiuru o te whawhai imperialist tu peka i ngana ki te whakapai ake i te tikanga o te tiaki matū. kanohi French Jules Tissot, mo te tauira, paunatia neke atu i te wha kirokaramu, whakanohoia te pouaka i runga i te hoki, ka mahi te absorber konutai waihā, i konatunatua ki te rakau huruhuru me kotakota whakarewa. I kukū tenei katoa ki hopi, glycerin me te hinu Katoro.

I teie mahana, whakaaro te tauira o te kanohi hau hou te ki hei te tauira hau kanohi Ingarangi o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I roto i te ahua, he mea tino atu rite te ōrite hou. Otiia e kore nga Ingarangi, e kore te French, e kore nga Tiamana whakamahia hei absorber o waro. I ui hoa Ingarangi Russia i roto i 1916 ki te tonoa ratou e rima kopare hau Zelinsky - Kummanta ki te tūhura. kihai i Tuhinga Ingarangi whakapono i roto i te āhuatanga absorption o birch waro. Otiia i muri i te taki i te mahi o enei whakaaro, i taea ki te whiua Ahorangi Zelinsky nga Hoa.

Mea faahiahia ano te meka i whakawhanakehia te rongoā mō ngā hoiho. titiro reira rawa ngā.

riro ia mo tona tenenga o Ahorangi

rēhitatia Chemical Komiti o te Russian Empire he petihana i roto i te hui motuhake ki te tohu i te orometua mo tona whakaaro e mano o ora ora. Heoi, ko te mea rite ki te kahore, a kahore te mutunga. kore kua Ahorangi Zelinsky riro te RUPO kotahi o te kāwanatanga Russian mo te kanohi hau Zelinsky. History ahorangi, e kore kua riro te ārai mo tona tātari waro ahurei, me ki te paopao ki te whakaingoatanga mo te Nobel me mo. Ko ana tahi-kaituhi, te kaituhi o te E.Kummant kanohi arai hainatia te kirimana ki te wheketere "Triangle" ka riro mai 50 hēneti mo ia kōwae o taonga tonoa e te hōia - komiti ahumahi o Russia. Mask hanga Zelinsky mirionea Emond Kummanta.

Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i Russia reira he kahore tohu ki Ahorangi Nd Zelinskii, ahakoa i huaina tona ingoa ko Institute i St. - Pererburge.

Tūnga, e timata te hanga o kopare ki te whakataki ki mahi o āpiha pakanga matū. Tenei tauākī hape. Ko te tikanga tuatahi o te tiaki whakaaro mō ngā take rangimarie, me muri i whakamahia ratou i roto i te whawhai. Ko te tiaki o tākuta me ngā nēhi, te whakamahi hoki i te tiaki o te kaimahi e haere mai ana ki te whakapā ki te matū kino - ko nga kaupapa matua matua mo tetahi mahi rangahau enei.