Kōeke - e ko: ona āhuatanga

Ka ako ki te ngaki tipu, ka anga te iwi ki te ngana ki te whakapai ake i to ratou tiaki, me te whakaputa uri o te puka kounga teitei. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata, he maha ngā momo o witi, kua hanga karepe, ngā rakau hua. Ko te kupu ka whakatika te pūtaiao o te whakawhanake i ngā momo tipu hou - kōwhiringa.

Wehenga o ngā momo take

Class - he aha te mea te reira? ka karanga a Grade rōpū on o ngā tipu whakapumautia tikanga tupuranga me te matou nga āhuatanga heritable i roto i tenei rōpū. Ia momo tipu kua he huinga o morphological, koiora, āhuatanga ōhanga, e whakatau ona āhuatanga. Whakaahuatanga o te momo ngā maha ngā āhuatanga. Ko te takenga tohu te puna o te rauemi e whakamahia ana ki te waihanga i te reira. He he he momo nui o ngakia me mohoao otaota i nei e tīpakohia te tūemi e hiahiatia ana mō te kōwhiringa. E ai ki tenei parau tumu e wehea ki e rua ngā momo, he ariā nui rite momo. He aha te mea tona momo - i raro. 1. Local - whiwhi i roto i te kōwhiringa wā roa-kawea atu e te taupori i roto i te tetahi rohe. E ratou urutau pai ki ngā āhuatanga taiao o te rohe.

2. Tīpakonga - he i runga i ngā tikanga pūtaiao me te, i runga i te tikanga o te tango rānei, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū:

• raina kōeke whiwhi i te kōwhiringa takitahi o te uri i te whaiaro-pollinated tetahi hua, reira faitatau āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga, engari ki te wa e tika ana ki ngā irakētanga ngaro tenei taurite;
• kōeke-taupori - te landraces i hanga te nuinga e ripeka-pollinating crops kōwhiringa papatipu, i roto i nei wā kotahi puta me hybridization tūturu ki ētahi atu tipu e pā ana;
• Iramate momo he uri o te kotahi, whakatipuria vegetatively, ahurea, me te whai homogeneity tiketike, me te pūmautanga;
• hybrids kōeke Puka ekeeke ki te huinga āhuatanga o ngā ahurea o te maha whakatupuranga, te kōwhiri tipu ki ngā āhuatanga e minaminatia.

tohu koiora

momo Breeding. He aha te mea he hakari reira te tohu ōhanga-koiora e whai ake nei?

1. Ātete ki āhuatanga taiao kino:

• Hardy - ātete ki iti ahurea pāmahana e tika ana mō te māra i roto i te pēne reo me ngā wāhi atu te raki, i runga i kōeke kei;
• tauraki-ātete - taea ki te hanga i te kore nui o makuku ki iti mate o hua.

2. Ko te roanga o te wa e tipu - he wā o te wā mo e me haere te tipu i roto i te huringa katoa o te whanaketanga. Tei te reira i runga i te momo o te ahurea, te piha haapiiraa, wera-'ofa ranei resistance matao, a he tokomaha atu āhuatanga. Ko te tohu koiora nui e hiahiatia ana mo te taiao tika o kai tenei.

3. takoto te tukua e te hua o te hua, e ko, te tukua toharite ia whakato, me te maha toharite o ngā tipu ia rohe kōwae e kei. Hoki tipu a Papatuanuku te koiora, te whakatau tata i te reira kua i roto i te pakeke, te tikanga i roto i kirokaramu ia rakau.

4. samoplodnye faaite te kaha o ngā tipu ki te hanga i te kura kākano i te whaiaro ruinga hae-. Ki te he iti kore ranei tenei auau, pera me kia tata te tipu e pai hei kaiwhakahahae hoki ia.

He rerekē 5. Taste huru maitatai i runga i te ihirangi o hua me hua waikawa me te huka rānei.

6. Ātete ki pests me mate ko te kounga tino nui mo te hanga o ngā hua taiao, pera te tukatuka o ngā patukīrea arata'i ki to ratou whakaeminga i roto i ngā tipu me te i roto i te taiao. E kore te mea tenei aronga i roto i te kōwhiringa o tetahi anake o te matua, engari ano hoki te uaua tino, no te mea rerekētanga pea tiketike rawa, me te kaha ki te whakaputa uri i pests me tukumate.

7. whakaturia te kaha o nga wana ki hutia te nuinga hoki rakau kākano.

āhuatanga waho

rerekē ngā momo i roto i ngā āhuatanga morphological:

• puawai tae;
• te hanga me te tapa mākini o te pepa;
• tipu teitei;
• Potato - te tae o te kiri, āhua o kōpura.

Neke atu i te wa, kei te ngaro te momo hou āhuatanga nui, me te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau i roto i te ahuwhenua hanga ki te ahurea hua titauraa teitei, pera me kia pūmau te tukanga o te hanga me te whakapai ake i ngā kōeke.

Examination o te momo hou

Na, he momo hou o te putanga. He aha te mea te tiaki ture o te International Union mo te Protection o tutuki Tīpakonga? Kei te whakaratohia te reira ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o tutu'a me te recoverability o moni pau e ratou. Hoki te tiaki ture ki te momo me waha mātanga hangarau, tae atu e toru ngā āhuatanga.

1. Ko te paearu o distinctness o ngā momo - whakaahua, whakaahuatanga kia waiho reira āta wehea tetahi atu mohiotia i tenei wa.

2. Ko te paearu o homogeneity o nga momo - kia te taua i roto i tenei tikanga o te whakaputa uri tipu e pā ana ki te momo whakaarohia.

3. pūmautanga paearu - nga mau huru katoa me ngā āhuatanga me noho tonu i muri i whakatö toutou.

Kia te momo tipu hou, ka haere nga whakamātautau katoa i runga i te pae motuhake, kua hoatu ki te ingoa o te varietal, a kua whakaurua ki roto ki te rēhita kāwanatanga o whakatutukitanga tupuranga.

Whanaketanga o ngā momo hou whakarato tangata hua atu hua, he ake ātete ki maha āhuatanga taiao kino. e ora whakamua whakaritenga hou mō te momo o kai, na whakawhanakehia inaianei tikanga mō te horo ake tupuranga e ka whakaiti i te whanaketanga wā o ngā momo-kounga teitei hou o ngā tipu i roto i te heke mai.