Ko te uniana - he aha te tenei? Unions Trade o Russia. Ko te Ture Kauae Kaimahi

Ki te rā, te uniana - ko anake te whakahaere whakatapua ki tino tohu me te tiaki i nga tika, me ngā ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaimahi. Na te kaha ki te āwhina i te u ano ki te aroturuki haumaru, whakatau tautohetohe mahi , me te ngā kaimahi mateaki ki te hinonga, he te whai wāhi ki te whakaako ia ratou i te ako o te hanga. Na reira, ka rite ki te tikanga mohio ki nga rangatira o ngā rōpū, me tika te kaimahi noa, me te matau i te āhua me ngā āhuatanga o te uniana.

Ko te ariā o ngā uniana

Ko te uniana - he whakahaere o ngā kaimahi o te hinonga ki te taea ki te whakaoti puta take e pā ana ki o ratou tikanga mahi, ō rātou ngākau nuitanga i roto i te mara o te mahi ngaio.

Ia kaimahi o te hinonga, e kua te whakahaere, e te tika kia noa uru. I roto i te Russian Federation, kia rite ki te ture, kia riro tangata ke, me tangata kahore raraunga ano mema i roto i te uniana, ki te kore e papā reira ki whakaaetanga ao.

Na, ki te hanga i te uniana me te taea ia tangata Russian nei kua tae te tau o 14, a whai wāhi i roto i te mahi mahi.

I roto i Russia, whakaritea te ture te whakahaere hokohoko uniana tuatahi. Raro te matau reira he rōpū tūao o ona ngā mema katoa e mahi i roto i te hinonga kotahi. taea tona hanganga te hanga e ngā rōpū uniana takitahi ranei rōpū hokohoko uniana o nga awheawhe tari ranei.

Ka taea e te Paraimere i taua hokohoko-uniana hanga mahi rōpū ahumahi, i runga i te āhuatanga rohe tetahi atu āhuatanga ranei, he pū mahi.

Association o ngā uniana he tika katoa ki te mahi ki ngā uniana o ētahi atu āhua hokohoko, ki te tomo ki kirimana ki a ratou me te whakaaetanga ki te waihanga rōpū ao.

Types me tauira

uniana, i runga i o ratou āhuatanga rohe rānei e wehea ki:

1. Katoa-Russian whakahaere uniana hokohoko e fakatahai neke atu i te hawhe te kaimahi o tetahi e rave rahi e aore rāngai ngaio, mahi i runga i te rohe o neke atu i te hawhe o nga kaupapa RF ranei.
2. rōpū Inter-rohe hokohoko uniana, kaiuniana here tetahi atu ranei manga i roto i te rohe o te maha ngā kaupapa o te Russian Federation, engari iti iho i te hawhe o ratou tau katoa.
3. Organization-rohe o Kauae Kaimahi, whakakotahi i te mau melo o ngā uniana o tetahi atu ranei o nga kaupapa RF, pa atu wāhi ranei hokohoko. Hei tauira, te Arkhangelsk uniana hokohoko rohe o kaimahi rererangi Novosibirsk rohe Public Organization o Trade Union o Workers ranei i te mara o te mātauranga tūmatanui, me te pūtaiao.

Ka taea te ngā whakahaere katoa, aua, i roto i te mau amuiraa interregional hononga rohe o ngā rōpū hokohoko uniana ranei. I tua atu i te puka papa komiti ranei. Hei tauira, te Volgograd rohe Kaunihera o Kauae Kaimahi - te tapaia rohe o nga whakahaere rohe o ngā uniana hokohoko motu.

Ko tētahi atu tauira a Tūrongo ko te rōpū whakapaipai. piri uniana Moscow te Moscow Federation o Kauae Kaimahi i 1990.

Tei runga i te mara ngaio, ka taea e koe te tautuhi i ngā uniana o ngaio rerekē me ngā momo o ngā mahi kaimahi 'hokohoko. Hei tauira, te uniana o ngä, te uniana o nga kaimahi hauora, kanikani kaiwhakaari uniana kaiwaiata ranei, a na i runga i. D.

uniana tūtohinga

Kua hanga a whakapumautia e te tūtohinga, tona hanganga me ngā mana whakahaere Trade uniana me ratou hononga. Ko ratou ano whaiaro whakarite-ratou ake mahi, mau amuiraa, hui me ētahi atu ngā rite.

Tikanga o nga uniana o hinonga, e kua whakaurua i te hanganga o ngā rōpū Russian interregional ranei, e kore e pehi i te ture o te whakahaere. Hei tauira, e kore e whakaaetia te komiti ā-rohe o ngā uniana o tetahi rohe hokohoko te tūtohinga, e kei kai e te hunga tika ke ki nga tikanga o te Interregional Trade Union, te hanganga o nei te tuatahi tuku ki te whakahaere.

I roto i tenei take, kia ngā te tikanga:

• te ingoa, whakaaro, me te mahi o te uniana hokohoko;
• kāwai me ngā rōpū piri e te kaimahi;
• te tukanga mō te whakatikatika i te tūtohinga, te takoha;
• nga tika me mau ohipa o ona ngā mema, te tikanga whāngai i roto i te mau melo o te whakahaere;
• hanganga uniana;
• puna o moni, me te tikanga o te whakahaere rawa;
• tikanga me ngā āhuatanga o te uniana faaapīraa me toremi kaimahi;
• atu take katoa e pā ana ki te mahi o te uniana.

Rehita o te uniana hokohoko rite te hinonga ture

Ko te uniana hokohoko rōpū ranei, kia rite ki te ture Russian, e taea te rēhita te kāwanatanga rite te hinonga ture. Otiia e kore e ko te titauhia tenei.

rēhitatanga State e wahi i roto i te mana whakahaere e hāngai ana i te wahi o te wāhi hokohoko-uniana. Hoki tenei tikanga, me te whakarato i te rōpū māngai nga taketake ranei kape notarized o te tūtohinga, ngā tikanga whakatau i runga i te whakatū o te uniana hokohoko, he whakatau i runga i whakaaetanga o te tūtohinga, me te rārangi o ngā kaiuru. I muri nei te whakatau i runga i te tuku mana ā-ture. ka mata, me nga raraunga o te whakahaere kia hanga i roto i te State Register kotahi.

kia faanaho te uniana o ngā kaimahi mātauranga, kaimahi ahumahi, ngaio ranei toi rite te uniana o tetahi atu tangata hokohoko ai liquidated ranei. Ano, kia kawea tona hanganga i roto i runga i te oko whakaaetia o rōpū me te whakakorenga o - te ture e hānga ana.

kia liquidated ai te uniana ki te takahi ona mahi te Ture o te Russian Federation ranei ture e hānga ana. Hoki i roto i enei take, i te kaha ki te faahepo i te whakatārewatanga o te mahi mo runga ki 12 marama.

ture Ture o ngā uniana

faaterehia Ngohe o ngā uniana i tenei ra e te ture o te Ture Federal № 10 i tuhia i January 12, 1996 "I Kauae Trade, ratou Rights me Pūtāhui". Kua huringa Tata hanga ki Hakihea 22, 2014.

tohutohu tenei ture tauira ko te ariā o te uniana me te ngā taketake e pā ana ki reira. I tua atu i te tika me taurangi o te rōpū, me ona ngā mema.

E ai ki te Art. 4 o te Ture Federal tano te reira ki hinonga katoa kei roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation, me te umanga Russian katoa, e he tāwāhi.

Hoki nga ture-ture o ngā nekehanga hokohoko uniana i roto i te ahumahi hōia, tinana ture-uruhi, i roto i te whakawa me te prokurorstve, te Ratonga Haumarutanga Federal, nga tikanga mana, mo te mana o whēkau tarukino trafficking, me rite i roto i te mahi o te mahi ahi o te Tāhuhu, Tūkunga Emergency, i reira e wehe e hāngai ana ture e hānga ana.

mahi

Ko te whakaaro matua o te uniana, kia rite ki te whakahaere tūmatanui mo te tiaki o kaimahi 'tika, ko, fakatatau, māngai, me te tiaki o pāpori me kaimahi' ngākau nuitanga me tika o tangata.

Ko te uniana - he whakahaere hangaia ki te paruru i te ngākau nuitanga me ngā tika o ngā kaimahi i to ratou wāhi mahi, te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga mahi mō ngā kaimahi, ki te whakatutuki i utu tika, mahi ana ki te kaituku mahi.

Ngā ngākau nuitanga, e kua hangaia ki te tiaki i enei whakahaere ka taea e rongoā i runga i te tiaki mahi, utu, layoffs, ngä roto i ngā kaimahi, te kore ki te ū ki te Code Reipa me etahi ture mahi e pā ana.

Katoa o te runga ake e pā ana ki "te tiaki" te mahi rōpū. Tētahi atu tūranga o te uniana hokohoko - ko te mahi o te māngai. E ko te hononga i waenganui i te uniana me te āhua.

Tēnei āhuatanga - ko te tiaki o mana kaimahi ' e kore e ki te taumata hinonga me i te taumata motu. Ko te kupu, e tika ana ngā uniana ki te whai wāhi i roto i te pōtitanga o tinana kāwanatanga-whaiaro rohe mo o te kaimahi. Ka taea e ratou te whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga o ngā hōtaka tiaki mahi, mahi, me te pera i runga i. Etc.

Hei werowero mo nga ngākau nuitanga o ngā uniana kaimahi e mahi ngātahi ana ki ngā rōpū tōrangapū, a ētahi wā noa te hanga ratou ake.

whakahaere tika

uniana Trade - he motuhake o te mana whakahaere me te tinana kāwanatanga-whaiaro rohe me te whakahaere o te whakahaere i te kamupene o. Te taha ki tenei, kaore he aweretanga, taua rōpū e ti'araa aifaito.

E tohutohu tika hokohoko uniana i roto i te ture Federal "I Kauae Trade, ratou Rights me Pūtāhui".

E ai ki tenei ture, ka te whakahaere kia tika ki:

• tiaki o ngā ngākau nuitanga kaimahi ';
• Tāpiri ki te kaupapa o te mana mo te whakatamarikitanga o te ture e hāngai ana;
• wahi i roto i te whakatamarikitanga, me te matapaki o nga ture hukihuki whakaarohia e ratou;
• kaimahi kaiheke uru faahapahia ki nga wahi, me te whiwhi i te mōhiohio pāpori me te mahi katoa i te kaituku mahi;
• bargaining ngā, bargaining ngā;
• he tohu o te kaituku mahi i runga i te pakaru, i me whakatau e ia i roto i te wiki;
• rallies, hui, aro, te whakatairanga i ngā kerēme i roto i te moni o nga kaimahi;
• rite whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere o moni tūmatanui, e kua hanga e e utu mema;
• te waihanga i ō rātou ake inspections ki te aroturuki tikanga mahi, tautukunga ki kirimana ngā me te haumaru te taiao o kaimahi.

E te tika ki te tango i taua taonga kia rite ki te whenua, whare, hanga, kaukau me hākinakina whakaurunga, whare tā whakahaere Trade uniana. A kia nga tangata o nga peeke, te tika ki te hanga me te hoko o pūtea moni.

Ki te i roto i te whakangao i reira ko tetahi ati ki te hauora ranei ora o te iwi e mahi ana, e tika ana te heamana o te uniana hokohoko te ki rapu utu i te kaituku mahi ki te rapurongoā. A, ki te kahore e taea tenei, te mutunga o nga kaimahi ki te whakakorenga o maumaui.

Ki te whakarite anōtia e te te hinonga liquidated ranei, ai pōhara kē ka heke nga tikanga mahi o kaimahi kaimahi ranei, takoto te kamupene kei te ki whakamōhio te uniana kahore i muri atu i te toru marama i mua i te hui.

Nā ki te pūtea inihua pāpori kia whakahaere rōpū ngaio ngā mahi ngahau mo ona ngā mema, ki te tonoa ratou ki a Haerea.

mana kaimahi ki te uru atu i te uniana

O te akoranga, te tuatahi o nga uniana katoa hokohoko e tika ana ki te kaimahi o hinonga. Ki te awhina o enei whakahaere, hono ratou, e tango te kaimahi te tika ki:

• nga painga katoa e whakaratohia ana hoki e te kawenata ngā;
• ki te whakatairanga i te uniana i roto i pā ana ki ngā take i tautohetia i runga i te utu, hararei, te whakawhanaketanga ngaio;
• ki te riro āwhina ā-ture noa, ki te tika i roto i te marae;
• ki te whakatairanga whakahaere uniana hokohoko mō te whanaketanga ngaio;
• ki te tiaki i roto i te wā o te pananga ta'etotonu, utu kore-i whakaiti, paremata o te kino i meinga i roto i te wāhi mahi;
• hoki te tauturu i roto i te whiwhi utunga ki Haerea me sanatoriums mo ratou me te mau melo o to ratou utuafare.

opani te ture Russian whakahāwea i runga i no ki te hokohoko uniana. . E ko, kahore faufaa te kaimahi hinonga - mema uniana ranei kahore, ana tika me nga rangatiratanga whai i te Ture, e kore e waiho iti. Te kaituku mahi e kore e tika ki te tonoa a ia no te mea o kore hono i te uniana ranei ki te mahi i te huru whakahauanga o mema.

History me te whanaketanga o ngā rōpū ngaio i roto i Russia

I roto i te 1905-1907, i roto i te revolution, te uniana hokohoko tuatahi i roto i Russia. E tano ia tapao e i tenei wa i vai kua ratou mo te wa roa, me te i te wa taua ata whakahaeretia i roto i Europe a Amerika.

I mua i te revolution i roto i Russia, Heoi, i reira nga komiti patu. E māmālie tupu, ka i whakarite anōtia e ki te uniana o ngā uniana.

Ko te rā o te turanga o te rōpū ngaio tuatahi whakaaro ki 30.04.1906 tau. I tenei ra, puritia reira te hui tuatahi o nga kaimahi Moscow (parakimete me electricians). Ahakoa kua ki te aroaro o taua rā (10.06.1905 g) i roto i te tuatahi katoa-Russian Conference o Kauae Kaimahi i hanga e e te pokapū Moscow o Komihana (Central Bureau o Kauae Kaimahi).

ka mau mahi katoa i roto i te revolution wahi hetia, tae atu i te Conference katoa-Russian tuarua o Kauae Kaimahi, i tū i roto i te St Petersburg i te mutunga o Pepuere 1906. Tae noa 1917, tukinotia uniana hokohoko katoa, Thunder mana Ngātuere,. Otiia i muri i te hurihanga o ratou timata te wā pai hou. Na ka haere mai te komiti ā-rohe tuatahi o ngā uniana.

I tū Tuatoru Conference katoa-Russian o Kauae Kaimahi i Pipiri 1917. I pōtitia ia ki te katoa-Russian Central Kaunihera o Kauae Trade. Taua ra ka anga ki te tupu rōpū uiui e.

Unions Trade o Russia i muri i 1917 ka anga ki te kawe i roto i te maha o ngā āhuatanga hou, e ngā te manaaki mo te tupu hua, me te whakatairanga i te taumata o te ōhanga. I whakapono te reira e te tango te nuinga tenei whakarongo ki te hanga tiaki o nga kaimahi ratou. Hoki enei take, ka anga nga uniana hokohoko ki te kawe i roto i ngā momo o te whakataetae i roto i nga kaimahi, whai wāhi ratou i roto i te tukanga o te mahi me te hanga te ako fakahūhū kiate roto ratou.

I roto i te tau 1918-1918 i tū te tuatahi, me te tuarua katoa-Russian Congress o Kauae Kaimahi i ai ke te akoranga o te whanaketanga o te whakahaere i te taha o nga mua i roto i te ahunga o te Kōawa. Mai reira, ki runga ki te 50-70-doma o ngā uniana Russian taa koi i te hunga e vai i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Na e kore ratou e tiaki nga tika me ngā ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaimahi. Ahakoa hono Kua mutu te whakahaere raraunga i te käwanatanga ki te kia tūao (pūāhua mau herea).

Rerekē ratou ritenga Western, ko taua te hanganga whakahaere e whakakotahi kaimahi mau katoa me ngā kaiwhakahaere. arahina tenei ki te ngaro oti o te pakanga ki te muri.

I roto i te tau kua whāngai 1950-1970 e rave rahi mahi ture, e homai uniana tika hou, me ngā kawenga, hoatu ratou haere noa nui. A e i whakahaere te o waenganui-80 he tēpara, he hanganga rārātini, kua pararopi nei kua tuhituhia i roto i te pūnaha tōrangapū o te whenua o. Otiia ko reira he taumata tiketike rawa o te taero. A e tika ana ki te mana nui o ngā uniana hokohoko, he tokomaha o ana raruraru he puku, hanga reira uaua ki te whakawhanake me te whakapai ake i te whakahaere.
Na, ko te painga kaupapa here o te āhuatanga, me te whakaurua ki te papatipu o ratou Māoritanga ki kaha kaupapa hokohoko uniana.

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, whai wāhi te rōpū ngaio i roto i Subbotniks whakahaere, whakaaturanga, ngā whakataetae, me te mahi rōpū ako. tohatoha ratou utunga, whaitua me ētahi atu painga rauemi homai e te State, i waenganui kaimahi. He momo ko te tari pāpori-whare o te kamupene.

I muri anō i te 1990-1992, kua riro nga uniana motuhake whakahaere. Na roto i te 1995, i tāuta kē ratou i te mau parau tumu whakahaere hou e kua puta ke ki te haerenga mai o te manapori me te ōhanga mākete i roto i te whenua.

Uniana i Contemporary Russia

O te hītori whakahuatia i runga ake, me te whanaketanga o ngā rōpū ngaio taea te matau e muri hinga te Soviet Union, a kua oho te whenua ki te mana manapori, ka anga te iwi ki te waiho whakahaere raraunga i te käwanatanga e Tuini. kihai ratou i hiahia ki te hei i roto i te pūnaha uiui, whakaaro maumau reira mo ona ake ngākau nuitanga. Kua tae mai te mana o te uniana ki noa iho. He tokomaha o ratou i tino memeha.

Otiia i te mutunga o nga uniana 90 i hanga e ano. Kua te momo hou. Unions Trade o Russia tenei ra - te reira te whakahaere, motuhake o te kāwanatanga. A tamata ki te mahi i nga mahi matarohia tata ki ritenga Western.

Hoki i roto i Russia reira ko nga uniana, i he rite i roto i to ratou mahi ki te tauira Japanese, kia rite ki nei e te āwhina ngā rōpū ki te whakapai ake i whanaunga i waenganui i nga kaimahi me te whakahaere, e kore e reira anake tiaki i te ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaimahi, me te ngana ki te kitea he ngāwari. Ka taea te huaina tuku iho he hononga taua.

I roto i tenei take, e rua nga momo tuatahi, me te tuarua o te uniana i te Russian Federation hanga hape e arai ratou whanaketanga me fakakehe'i nga hua pai o ratou mahi. Enei e:

• politicization kaha;
• hinaaro ki riri me te aroraa;
• amorphousness o ratou whakahaere.

Modern uniana hokohoko - he whakahaere rawa nui te wā me te whakarongo utua te ki ngā tōrangapū. aroha ratou ki te kia i roto i te pato'iraa ki te kāwanatanga o nāianei, wareware e pā ana ki te uauatanga o ia rā o kaimahi iti. E mea pinepine te feia faatere o te uniana i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaara i ona whanaungatanga, aro rawa whakaritea me whakaaturanga o kaimahi, kahore tetahi take. E veiveiua whakaata reira kino i runga i te whakaputa e rua rite te katoa, me kaimahi i roto i ngā. Na hopea, ko tawhiti te whakahaere ā-o te rōpū ngaio hou i tino. I roto i te tokomaha o ratou kahore he kotahitanga, maha huri te aronga, te feia faatere o te, te heamana. hē i kitea o moni uniana.

I roto i ngā rōpū tuku iho, i reira he kotahi drawback nui: tomo ratou ratou aunoa i utu. Ko te hua, ko te e kore e hiahia i roto i tino tetahi mea, kahore ratou e mohio me te paruru i to ratou mana, me ngā ngākau nuitanga kaimahi o hinonga. Uniana kore ratou e whakaoti nga raruraru, engari i reira e ōkawa anake. I roto i taua whakahaere, o ratou te feia faatere, me te tiamana o te uniana hokohoko whiriwhiri, rite ki te tikanga, te kaiārahi e ärai objectivity tuatahi.

mutunga

Ko te hītori o te hanganga me te whakarerekētanga o te kaupapa hokohoko uniana i roto i te Russian Federation, me te te tika, kawenga me ngā āhuatanga o ēnei whakahaere kia tawhiti, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e te tākaro ratou he wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga ā-tōrangapū o te hapori, me te āhua rite te katoa.

Ahakoa te raruraru ngā i roto i te mahi o ngā uniana i roto i te Russian Federation, feohi raraunga, o te akoranga, nui hoki te whenua e tohe mo manapori, haere noa me te ōritetanga o ona tangata.