Ko te takenga mai me te hītori o te retireti

ahu Skiing i Scandinavie i te ake Middle. Ahakoa i roto i te pūkete i 1700 whakaahua ana i te iwi i runga i faahee hohoro tonu tetahi ki tetahi i muri i petipeti. Enei i pea te whakataetae tuatahi.

Mana, ka anga te hītori o te retireti i roto i te Defence Tāhuhu o Norway. whakatenatena faahee kainga Athletic taritari i roto i ngā rōpū retihuka. Hans Emahuzenom i roto i 1733, i whakaputaina i te ako tuatahi mo nga hōia i runga i te whakangungu ski ki te rītaha hākinakina. Ko nga ture tuatahi o ngā whakataetae retihuka, i puritia i roto i te 1767 mō ngā momo rerekē o te whakaminenga i te oioi- nāianei, kilometera, faahee, me te faaheeraa. Kua kaitäkaro Top whakawhiwhia. Hei whakatairanga retihuka ripeka-whenua i roto i Oslo i 1814, tū matou he arotake o civilians te whenua o hākinakina me te hōia.

Ko te hītori taonga o te retireti, tīmata i roto i Norway, riro he whanaketanga tere i roto i nga whenua nui katoa o te ao. I muri te whakahaere i roto i 1877 e he i te hapori tuatahi hākinakina ski Norwegian hoki i runga i te 20 nga tau katoa i runga i te ao karapu hākinakina rite. ka mau te wheako tuatahi i runga i Finland, i roto i te 1883 - Hungary, 1891 - Austria ko Switzerland i roto i 1803 - Germany me Italy, i roto i te 1895 - Sweden ko Russia, i roto i 1900 - i te United States me Bulgaria, i roto i 1902 g - Ingarangi, i roto i te 1912 - Japan.

whai nui ki te retihuka i hanga ngā kaihōpara Arctic: .. Adolf Nordenskiöld i te biennium 1883-1884, Fridtjof Nansen i roto i te whakawhitinga ki te faahee i puta noa Greenland i 1889, Roald Amundsen i 1910-1911, i runga i te ope ki te Tonga Pou, te wahi i nga kaiuru neke atu i te 2,800 kiromita i runga i faahee. I roto i te mutunga o te XIX - wawe senituli XX. haamata whakataetae wā kawea atu i roto i nga whenua nui katoa o te ao. Heoi, ko rerekē te aronga o te whanaketanga o ngā momo i roto i te whenua rerekē. Kua tipu Norway amuamu, rēhi ripeka-whenua me te kilometera. I roto i Finland, Kua ahu whakamua kua faahee i runga i nga Mania. He rongonui i roto i te whenua Alpine whakaaro Mountain. I roto i te US, te whanaketanga o te whāiti hākinakina awe nga tāngata Scandinavian. rohe ski, i raro i te mana o kaiako i Austria, te faahee ra i roto i Tapone.

riro hītori pana New o retireti i muri i te International Ski Congress, me te whai wāhitanga o te 10 whenua i roto i te 1910, i roto i Oslo. Whakapumautia konei anōtia International Ski Komihana i roto i te tau 1924 i roto i te International Ski Federation (FIS) Kua kua kaha whakahaere e te ski whakataetae World, tae atu ki ngā momo katoa. I roto i te tau 1924, ko te tuatahi Winter Olympic Games i roto i 1926 - World Championship, a i roto i 1928 - i te Universiade.

Ko te whanaketanga o te te retireti i Russia

timata hītori Russian o retireti i roto i te rau tau mutunga o XIX. kaitäkaro Russian mō te roa te wa rite pai rite ke, no te mea he puhoi nga whanaketanga, i te nuinga o whakangahau haapiiraa retihuka mahi. ka mau te whakataetae tuatahi wahi February 13 1894 i roto i St Petersburg. Ko te skiers karapu Moscow (MCL) puta i roto i 1894 ka ngā o te tau tahi, he katoa o 36 te mau melo. taunaki piri ski ratou riri i roto i Moscow, me era atu pa, kukume ki ona rarangi mau melo itoito hou. Club "Polar Star" i roto i te St Petersburg ko te muri ki te whakatutuki i a ratou.

Nā ki te utu nui o te tomokanga taputapu hākinakina ki te marea i roto i te karapu ski i wātea. Ahakoa te hanga o nga karapu retihuka hou i roto i St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Smolensk, Tula me era atu pa i te timatanga o XX rautau. kihai i taea e faahee whiwhi tohatoha whānui i roto i Russia. i muri anake i te whakatūnga i te tau 1910 o te Moscow kawenata lyzhebezhtsev (MLL), e hopoi mai tahi 10 karapu tonu, a hohoro te whakatūnga o te Uniana katoa-Russian o skiers kua nui haere te maha o ngā, me te whai wāhi ki te tahi-whakarite te kaupapa o te whenua retihuka.

Ki te rā, ko radically rerekē te āhuatanga ki te faahee ra Russia. Ka taea te pēnei humarie reira ki te hākinakina papatipu, rawa ngā wāhi retihuka. Kei te tango i to tatou kaitäkaro he wahi kaha i roto i te whakataetae nui katoa, me i te par ki te kau taki whakataetae mo te mētara koura.

momo āhuatanga o te retireti

I roto i te retireti ngā faaheeraa retireti, retireti ripeka-whenua i runga i nga tawhiti o roa rerekē, te kapo atu (iwi me te pekepeke) pekepeke. momo conventionally o ngā whakataetae i roto i te retireti ripeka-whenua e taea te wehea ki ngā momo raki, momo tipu, tāwhai me te Snowboarding.

momo Northern ngā o retireti ripeka-whenua, ski tarapekepeke, ararau, ski kilometera ranei Nordic ngā. momo tipu - e ko katoa e hanga retihuka: oioi-, oioi- Rapa, faaheeraa, Super Giant oioi-, tipu retireti ngā. Huaina tāwhai faaheeraa pinakitanga ki te whakamahi i ngā huānga pangapanga me ori retireti. Papa retihuka - he uri ki runga ki te poari motuhake.

He hoki taua momo o te retireti rite kilometera, skitour, haere ski, ski ararau, ski Mountaineering. Faahee extraordinarily kanorau, me te taonga i roto i ngā momo. Ka taea ki te whiriwhiri hoki ratou i te aronga e tika ana e ka tutaki ratou hiahia me ngā pūkenga tangata. I tua atu, ko reira he hākinakina e haapuai te hauora, me te hopoi mai i te rota o te ngahau.