Ko te take o te ao. mau tamataraa nāianei Main o te ao

I roto i te ao i teie mahana, ake me te ake mārama i reira e te tahi mau tukanga e tuitui ai, te a'oi te rohe i waenganui i āhua me te whakaahua ke i te pūnaha ōhanga ki tetahi mākete nui. Iwi o te whenua, taunekeneke ki ia atu pai atu i ake me ki etahi whakawhenumi whānuitanga. enei a he tokomaha atu tukanga katoa i huaina ao. E hehema ki te whakapono e ao ko he wā mooni i roto i te whanaketanga o te taata nei, ina kei te hoko i te ao katoa kotahi tokomaha tohunga.

Heoi, i roto i te hanganga o te hapori ao i roto i te ara tūturu, i reira e etahi raruraru. He pera matatini, me te rangirua e kore e taea e te kore e tukanga ao. I mua i te titiro mo te otinga ki enei raruraru, me matau koe te natura o te ao ano, no te mea i teie mahana te mea ki etahi whānuitanga pāngia kua tata āhuatanga katoa o to tatou oraraa.

He aha te ao

Tuatahi o te katoa, ao - te tukanga o te huri i te hanganga o te pūnaha ōhanga ao, ina e integrated nga ōhanga o whenua takitahi ki te pūnaha whānui. Ko te whakaaro o enei huringa ko ki te whakawhānui i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te hokohoko, haumi, nekehanga o whakapaipai i roto i te ao katoa, e kua faaterehia e te noa parau tumu ki te katoa. I roto i te meka, pā ao atu wāhi o te ora te tangata. kei te tupu tuitui Mutualé i roto i tōrangapū, te ahurea, te karakia, te mātauranga, me te tokomaha atu wāhi. I runga i te tauira o te Pākehā Union me ētahi atu hononga taea te kitea e founga ki te blurring o rohe i waenganui i āhua, ka whakakotahi te whenua nui atu iti iho ranei pai te tono paerewa ōrite i roto i ngā ao o te ora.

Ao faaite maha ari rerekē pērā i te horapa o te hangarau mōhiohio me te kōrero, te taupuhipuhinga o te mākete pūtea, me te rōpū o te kaiuru, hekenga, te hanganga o te ahurea tangata, me te m. Puta N. kupu enei tukanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga i reira ao takitahi, me te ahurea, e te hunga tūturu i roto i to ratou ake pūnaha uara, me ki kia ngātahi ki te pūnaha whānui. Rapanga Modern o te ao i a nui meinga e te raruraru o te kanorau, me te otherness tetahi ki tetahi kaiuru i roto i ēnei tukanga. A rite tonu ki ona hoariri, e hāngai ana ngā tukanga ao e runga i te parau tumu, te whakamahi o nei arata'i rawa maha ki hopearaa kino.

Whāiti te mana arii kāwanatanga

Ko te raruraru matua o te ao, ko te e e te nuinga o tākiekina ona tukanga e ngā hanganga Supranational tūmataiti ranei ā. I te tahi taime whakahihi enei pūtahi rite ki te whai ratou kaha i runga i te katoa, me te e titauhia ratou ki rongo noa te āhua. O te akoranga, e kore e taea e enei hanganga faahepo tangata ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kiritaki, me te maha e tohutohu i roto i te āhua o ratou tikanga, engari ki te whai wāhi ki etahi rauemi me ngā whai wāhitanga, e takoha kāwanatanga ki te hanga tuuraa ra.

Oia mau, i tenei ra e taea e matou te titiro pehea ngaro te kāwanatanga mana ki runga i te ao tino rerekē o te kāwanatanga. Kua whakatangihia te tipu haere te maha o fakaangá i roto i ngā hanganga wāhitau pērā i te WTO, te IMF ranei Bank te Ao, me corporations transnational (TNCs) me kua riro katoa kia kaha e taea pā e rua nga āhua takitahi, me te ao katoa e rite ana te katoa. He tokomaha e āwangawanga e pā ana ki te rāhuitanga o te mana arii o tauiwi, me tenei ahakoa te meka e tenei ra, ko te reira taea ki te rongo kōrero i runga i te whakahounga o te tūranga tuku iho o te kāwanatanga me te kāwanatanga. Tenei raruraru faaite ake i roto i nga wero ao o hono pouaki States takitahi o ō rātou ngākau nuitanga.

Kukū i runga i te ohaoha

Ko te hanganga, e whai te mana nui i runga i te akoranga o te tukanga ao, te nuinga arotahi ki runga i ngā take pūtea, me te ōhanga. E pā ana te nuinga tenei ki MNCs me ētahi atu rōpū tūmataiti e kia hiahia i roto i te hanga i te pai te whakapai ake mahi pūtea ranei. He āwangawanga atu e pā ana ki ratou raruraru ohaoha o te ao, ai e wareware atu ona āhuatanga, pērā i te hauora te taiao, i te mea hoki tino nui ranei.

TNCs i roto i te whai o te pai

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, hoatu TNK te kaupapa matua ki te whakanui hua, e ai kia tika ke ki te moni tūmatanui. E kore e ki te whakahua i te meka e i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i ai ngāue ona whāinga o TNCs ki te whara o te mea katoa atu. He tauira a Tūrongo, ko te fakahehema ki te neke hanga ki whenua te wahi i reira he tikanga ake pai mō TNCs. I roto i te meka, enei painga ngā raro utu mahi me ture mahi iti pākaha, whakaritenga raro mo haumaru mahi me te taiao, takoha iti me takoha pāpori. Here i reira ko te takahi o ngā tika tangata.

I tua atu, i te whakawhitinga o te production ahumahi i roto i whenua whakawhanake whakaongaonga tupu nui o ratou öhanga, e tura'ii te hopearaa ino. Kei te hanga hoki tenei raruraru o te ao ite iho i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, te wahi e tika ana ki te katinga o hinonga maha kei te piki haere te auau kore mahi.

Te kore o te mārama

Kāwanatanga me ētahi atu āhua pūtahi, me te ratou mahi tonu kia whakahaeretia e ngā kaipōti, ratou kaha, te mau parau tumu whakahaere me te kawenga mārama i roto i te ture. Mai whakahaere Supranational, he ahua rerekē te āhuatanga. Ka taea e ratou te mahi takitahi, me te maha hanga whakatau e whai he mana nui i runga i te akoranga o ngā tukanga ao, i muri tatau kati. O te akoranga, mua tenei e whiriwhiringa multilateral auroa, e tango i te wahi e rua i te taumata e pā ana me i te tawhē. Māharahara e te meka e maha rawa nui raruraru pāpori e faatiti'aifarohia o te ao i roto i tenei ara, a kahore e tuwhera, me te mārama i enei tikanga whakatau.

I tua atu, ngā whakahaere ao ko reira uaua ki te hāmene i te take o te hapa i runga i te wahi o ratou.

mate o te tuakiri

Ka rite ki reira he he tuitui o te hapori i roto i te wāhi ōhanga me te ahurea noa, ko te taua hoki katoa ano etahi o nga paerewa o ora. He āwangawanga e pā ana ki te meka o hoariri o te ao takahi o tika tangata ki to ratou ake ahurea me te mate o āhua tuakiri.

Oia mau, i tenei ra e taea e matou te titiro pehea te mau katoa o te tangata programmed, a ka riro faceless iwi me rite tahi e te tahi. whakarongo ratou ki te waiata taua, me te kai i te kai taua i te wa ano e kore e mea faufaa te reira he aha te whenua tetahi wahi ranei o te ao e ora ratou. wāhi nui i roto i tenei takaro i te ao. Ko te raruraru ao o to tatou wa - ko reira kore anake te mau fifi i roto i te ao ōhanga tōrangapū ranei. E wareware ngā tikanga ahurea, me te whakakapi ki te uara motu i runga i ētahi atu iwi, ranei noa whakaaro, e kore e taea te ohorere.

Ao Westernization ranei?

He āta titiro āta, ka taea e kite koe i te hononga i waenganui i ao, me te pera-ka karanga Westernization - te tukanga o te whakawhenumi o te ao Western, te tahi atu wāhi iti whakawhanakehia me iti hou. O te akoranga, ao - he tukanga whanui atu i Westernization. I runga i te tauira o whenua Āhia Te Tai Rāwhiti, ki te tiaki i tona tuakiri, ka taea te kite i te reira e kia puta i te ao hou, me te tuitui ki te pūnaha ao i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te tiaki i tetahi o te ahurea ake. Otiia He mea paihere ao ki te uara ohaoha e kia ke ki etahi ahurea, pērā i Ihirama. Raruraru o te ao ao i roto i ngā take pēnei i ai puta rawa whakapeka.

Ao me te tomokanga

Specialists, me etahi iwi fakatokanga, tino - te wero matua o te ao takoto i roto i te meka e raro i te guise o te whakatairanga i te tuitui e tuu ngākau nuitanga o te tangata. E nehenehe te reira e rua whenua takitahi, te nuinga Western, me corporations transnational kaha. Ko reira kahore ngaro e kei nga tari matua o maha rōpū ao i roto i te United States, a ahakoa mana e ratou pūtahi motuhake mahi i roto i te moni tūmatanui, maha taea te kite i rite tukanga o te ao tango wahi ki te whara o whenua whakawhanake.

He tauira oraora ko te mahi o te Monetary Fund International. Aua tūtohutanga me taurewa e aroha homai te IMF ki whenua whakawhanake, e kore e whai hua tonu i a ratou. Integrated ki te pūnaha whānui, te ōhanga o enei āhua hei ti'aturi i runga i nama, ki te kore heke.

he kāwanatanga ao

momo katoa o ariā e whakatupu he ko raro ki te oraraa o etahi ope nei whāinga ko mahara ki te whakatū i te kāwanatanga te ao te tikanga hou te ao ranei. Ko e mo'oni, ao ko te raruraru i roto i taua subjugates reira te ao katoa, taahiraa i te taahiraa, whenua i te whenua, e kohikohi ia katoa tahi me tahuri ki te katoa pipiri. Kotahi ano te ture, kotahi te ahurea ... kotahi kāwanatanga. Ko reira tino mana'o mārama o hoariri o enei tukanga, no te mea he tokomaha e whakapono e tetahi pai e kore e faaite atea i te reira.

Ka rite ki te mea pūkenga e whakatakotoria, te whāinga o te kāwanatanga ao ko ki te waihanga i tētahi pera-ka karanga piriona koura, e e ngā iwi o etahi whenua tīpakohia (Western Europe, Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, me ētahi atu.). E te nuinga raro ki te whakangaromanga, me te pōpula te toenga o te taupori o te whenua.

antiglobalism

I teie mahana, e rave rahi mau taata e e āwangawanga e pā ana ki ngā take e pā ana ki te ao, e piri i roto i te kaupapa anti-ao. I roto i te meka, he reira he whakakotahitanga o ngā rōpū rerekē - e rua ao, me te motu, me te he rota o te iwi, kaitōrangapū, mātauranga, tangata activists tika me tangata noa ki te tūranga ā-kaha. He mea nui ki te mōhio e kore e anti-globalists whakatupato anake ki te ao ano, rite ki te mau parau tumu i runga i nei te hāngai reira. E ai ki ngā mema o te kaupapa, he tokomaha o nga raruraru o te ao o te ōhanga me te tahi atu ao e pā ana tika ki te mau parau tumu neo-ohaoha o te hokotanga, me te ture.

Katoa ra, kei te hoko atu te whakarite i te kaupapa anti-ao. Hei tauira, mai 2001, ka tū ia tau i te Social Forum Ao, nei i raro i te pepeha "pea rerekē te ao," kōrero te take tino nui.

mutunga

Ao me ngā raruraru ao e pā ana ki reira, o te akoranga, e mooni ko i tenei wā o te whanaketanga o te ao tangata. Whakarere kore te mea e ahei, na te mea nui ki te te kitea te huarahi e tika ana ki te hanganga o te kotahi hou hapori ao , me te whakatika i nga raruraru e pā ana ki reira.

I roto i te mutunga, ka takoto ko ia anake ki te faahiti i te kupu o tetahi fakafofonga o te kaupapa anti-ao: ". Globalization - ko te wero ngā me te manawarü mo katoa o tatou ki te titiro mō ngā huarahi hou ki te riro tangata o te ao"