Ko te pūnaha whika Roma - he ataahua reira, engari te mea uaua?

Ko te pūnaha tātai Roma noa i roto i Europa i roto i te Anotau, Heoi, e tika ana ki te meka i ko reira ērā ki te whakamahi i, i tenei ra i te reira te tata kore whakamahia. whakakapi te reira i te atu ohie nama Arabic, i hanga he nui atu ohie, me te ngāwari te tauhanga.

Ka rite ki e tangohia te pūtake o te pūnaha Roma mana o tekau, me ratou hawhe. I roto i te mua, i te tangata kahore he take mō te tuhi tau nui, me te roa, pera he huinga o tau taketake mutu tuatahi i roto i te mano. kua oti te tuhituhi te tau i maui ki matau, me o ratou moni, me te tohu i te tau i whakaritea.

takoto te rerekētanga matua i roto i te meka e te pūnaha whika Roma he nonpositional. tikanga o tēnei e kore e te whakaritenga o te whika i roto i te tau record tohu tona uara. tau ingoa Roma "1" te rite i tuhituhia «ahau». Na hoatu e matou nga wae e rua tahi, ka titiro ki a ratou tikanga: «II» - ko tika tenei te Roma whika 2, i te "11" i roto i te tuanaki Roma tuhituhia rite "te XI". I tua atu ki te tahi atu tau kōwae taketake i roto i e whakaaro reira ki te kia rima, kotahi tekau, e rima tekau, kotahi rau, e rima rau me te kotahi mano, e kua denoted e V, X, L, C, D, me M.

I roto i te pūnaha ira whakamahi tatou i tenei ra, tae atu i roto i 1756 e pā ana te tau tuatahi ki te maha o nga mano, te tuarua - rau, ko te tuatoru - tekau, me te tuawha, ko te maha o ngā waeine. Na reira, i huaina ai ko te pūnaha tūnga, me te tātai ona whakamahi e hanga mā te tāpiri i te paraire tēnā ki tahi i te tahi. Ko te Roma pūnaha whika whakaritea te tino rerekē: kua reira he motuhake o te tikanga i roto i ngā tau record te uara o ngā tau katoa. Hei tauira, ki te whakawhiti atu i te tau 168 Me whakaaro e taea te whiwhi katoa o reira i te pūāhua taketake: ki te te mati ki te mahue ake atu i te tau e tika ana, e tangohia atu enei tau, i roto i tetahi atu take - takai. Ko te kupu, ka 168 kia tuhituhia rite reira CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8). Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, tuku te pūnaha whika Roma tau record tino cumbersome, hanga i te reira tua tino ērā me te tangohanga o ngā tau nui, e kore e ki te whakahua i te whakahaere o ratou ngā mahi wehenga me te whakarea. Ko te pūnaha Roma kua tetahi drawback nui, ara te kore o te kore. Na reira, kua whakamahia te reira i enei anake ki te tirohia ki vahe i roto i ngā pukapuka, taua senituli, ngā rā whakamaharatanga, te wahi i reira he kahore he take mo te mau ana i roto i ngā mahi tauhanga.

I roto i te ora rā ko reira nui māmā ki te whakamahi i te pūnaha ira, te uara o ngā tau i roto i nei e pā ana te ki te maha o koki i roto i ia o ratou. Ia te tuatahi puta i roto i te rau tau VI i India, me te pūāhua roto reira punga tūturu ki te rau tau XVI anake. I roto i Europe, te whika Indian, ka karanga te Arapi huri i roto i te mahi o te mathematician rongonui Student. Hei wehe i te tau tōpū me te wahi hautanga i roto i te pūnaha Arabic whakamahi i te piko wā ranei. Otiia i roto i te rorohiko nuinga whakamahia te pūnaha ā-rua, i te mea noa i roto i Europe, whakawhetai ki te mahi o Leibniz, i te mea e tika ana ki te meka e kua whakamahia te pāngia e i roto i te hangarau rorohiko, e ai kia rua anake tūranga mahi.