Ko te pūnaha pūtea o te Federation Russian - he ... RF pūtea. pūnaha pūtea Modern o te Russian Federation

Mai i te āhua o te pūnaha pūtea tei katoa i runga i te taumata o te ora o te whenua. I roto i te macroeconomics ko reira tetahi o nga wahi tino nui. Hoki tenei take, kia ako koe i roto i taipitopito te ariā pūtea o Russia, me ki ite i te faufaa o tenei pūnaha. He mea tika ki te ruku hohonu ki te mahi, me huarahi o tona parau tumu mahi.

Overview

I tēnei wā, ko te pūnaha pūtea o te Federation Russian - ko te ahanoa o pumau totohe me te tautohetohe. He maha ngā take o nāianei ki nei me mahi i te reira. Hei tauira, iti ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o ia takitahi, he raruraru nui pāpori, te whanaketanga taikaha o ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, te pā tōraro i runga i te tukanga whakaputa uri, he takamuri kitea i roto i ka huri ki huringa i roto i te hokohoko koloa pūtea, me te waho, me te tere puhoi o te whanaketanga. Ko te pūnaha pūtea o te Federation Russian - ko te whanaunga ōhanga, e kua whakarōpūtia ki ia atu i runga i te pūtake motuhake. pānga te rōpū rite tata āhuatanga katoa o te ora tangata hou. Ēnei hononga e taea whakatika i waenganui i takitahi, e rave rahi rōpū ture, me te te ngā āhua. Ko te kupu, tetahi o nga ao o ngā ōhanga ko te whai ake: pūtea te whānau, pūtea whaiaro me whare. Mämä noa iho - te taupori o te whakapaipai.

mōhiohio taipitopito

kite te ariā o te pūnaha pūtea Russian te rite te huinga o whanaunga ōhanga. i tawhiti tona hanganga ao takitahi me ngā hononga. I tetahi taumata o te whakahaere pūtea, he āhuatanga o te hanga pāpori, kahore nei he noa e kore te oraraa me mahi o te pūnaha whaihua. Ko hoki reira e kore e taea, kahore a ratou:

1) Ko te introduction wawe o mua hou i roto i te pūtaiao, me te hangarau;

2) te pupuri i nga moni iahiko production whänui (e rua tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti);

3) ture o ngā hanganga ōhanga rohe me Ahumahi;

4) makona i te tahi atu mau hinaaro o te taupori.

Etahi momo o ngā hiahia ko i te kāwanatanga me ngā pūtahi. whakamārama ana tēnei i te putanga o ngā momo o te whanaungatanga, i ngā pūnaha pūtea o Russia. Na, e kore e te tahi mau tohunga i roto i te mara mohio ki te pāhekoheko o hononga ōhanga nga takitahi e rua '. Heoi, i reira e he momo o pukapuka, e whakaahua ana i te whakahaere o te pūnaha pūtea. Ko te tuhinga i oti rawa ki te utuafare me mahere Whakapau-pai whaiaro, nga rawa o te whare.

Composition me hanganga huānga

Ko te pūnaha pūtea o Russia ngā o te maha tinana hono me ngā pūtahi. Ko te whakaaro matua o te ōhanga ko ki te whakatau i te momo nui o ngā hiahia pāpori. hipoki Ngā pāhekoheko o Finance te pūnaha katoa o te whenua, me te ao o te mahi pāpori. Whānui o enei ari he tika ki te oraraa o pūtahi motuhake i roto i te hanganga pūtea. I runga anō i te runga ake, i reira e rave rahi ariā o te ōhanga Russian. Ko te pūnaha pūtea o te whenua, ko te:

1. Ko te fakakātoa 'o' te ngā pūtahi, ia o nei whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga me te whakamahi muri o ona moni moni hāngai.

2. Ko te hapori o ngä roopu motuhake kua me tinana e kawe i roto i ngā mahi pūtea i roto i tona mātau.

i hanga te ōhanga kei te i ngā taunekeneke o te pūtahi rerekē e he kawenga mō te whakarite i te mea hanga, tohatoha anō me te whakamahi o moni. Āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o te whenua i roto i te whakawhitinga ki tikanga mākete kaha pā te pūnaha pūtea. Ko te kupu, hanganga ōhanga o Russia ngā te moni moni e whai ake nei me ngā pūtahi ture e hāngai ana ki a ratou,

1. Ko te pūnaha pūtea o te whenua. Kei roto te reira i pūtea kāwanatanga rohe, hinonga e hānga ana, me te Federal tika.

2. Ko te mākete kararehe.

3. State nama.

4. moni tāpiri-pūtea o te whenua.

5. Finance hinonga.

6. moni rīanga.

pūtea kāwanatanga General. Te ariā, hanganga me te whakaaro o

Ko te pūtake o pūtea motu ko nga pūtea ngā o te taumata tēnā. Tenei rōpū hoki ngā ariā pērā i moni tūmatanui me te pāpori atu-pūtea moni o te whenua. I roto i te huri i te momo o ōhanga whakawhitinga me whanaunga tohatoha tonotono tūranga matua no ki tenei momo o te pūtea. Ratou hanganga me te tohatoha o centralized. He wātea ki kāwanatanga rohe me te kāwanatanga tenei huānga o te pūnaha. I te taumata moroiti i roto i te whakatau i ngā whakawhitinga ōhanga te whakatau i nga āhuatanga o nga kamupene pūtea, inihua, me te nama, me te pūnaha pēke. Otiia, e kore e taea e matou amo e hono enei hononga o te ōhanga ki te taumata o ngā hinonga ohaoha anake i roto i to ratou tikanga whānui. Ko e tika ana ki te oraraa o te ngatahi mätotoru i waenganui i ngā wāhanga katoa o te pūnaha pūtea tenei. mahi State i runga i te hanganga o te rauemi centralized me wehenga i roto i te ōhanga. Hei kawe i enei mahi, ngā tikanga me nga ture e hāngai ana. Na ona mea ko nga tikanga utu, pūnaha nama, takoha me te ake. E te tühonohono te pūtea Russian motu ki te toenga o te ōhanga. Heoi, i reira he etahi rangirua te reira. GDP Ko te puna matua o te ētahi o hua pūtea i ngā taumata katoa. Kei te hanga e te reira i roto i te ao o te production rauemi. Na, i roto i te taake hanga te pūtea Russian me moni pāpori. I te wa ano, kawea te tukanga o te uri whänui i roto i hinonga, mo ratou ake pūkete kore anake. whakamahia ratou nama kāwanatanga tuhipoka pēke tika ranei i te pūtea.

Ko te tūranga o te moni i whakaara

E te tühonohono te pūtea ake hinonga ki te pūnaha nama. I roto i te take o te ërá o moni, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te ratonga o pareparenga. Nuinga o ngā wā, whai wāhi te whakapaipai anō i roto i te otinga o te mahi. Hoki, ki te whakaoti i to ratou mau fifi ōhanga o te kamupene kia huihui ki te tikanga atu hinonga ohaoha. Hei tauira, pērā i te ngā whakahaere, pareparenga, kamupene rīanga me ētahi atu. Ka taea te kawea peheé mahi i roto i ngā huarahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te tika e tahuri ki te corporatisation. I roto i te tahuri, pire take me here puritia hoki loans. I te pae hopea, te hononga o ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha pūtea e tika ana ki to ratou hinonga motuhia. Ko te āhua whai wāhi tino hira i roto i te whanaketanga o te hapori, e rua ōhanga me hapori. Hoki tenei take, i tona tikanga mau nui o nga moni. mauria e te reira ratou i roto i te whakamahi o te pūtea Russian, nama tūmatanui, me ngā moni. Rawa o rerekē pūtahi pēke me te inihua e hanga e na roto i te kukume whakapaipai noa. moni Own o whakahaere arumoni e ratou whakaeminga.

Ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha pūtea Russian. āhuatanga

te mana āhua ōhanga, me te pūtea e te taputapu nui - te hanganga paparanga. I ngā wāhanga katoa o tenei whirihoranga faaoti te i te taumata motu he mahi matua: te hanganga me te whakapaunga o te pūtea whānui o moni. Ko te hanganga katoa ngā pūtea rohe, rohe me te hānga. I roto i te ao o teie mahana o rawa pakihi o ia whenua hei te pūtake o tona haumaru ōhanga. Mai i to ratou rahi me ngā āhuatanga whakawhirinaki i runga i:

- ngā hōtaka pāpori;

- te tiaki me te mahi o te pūnaha ārai;

- te whakarite taumata katoa o te kāwanatanga;

- te whanaketanga o te tiketike-tech me ngā ahumahi rautaki;

- te tautoko i te ōhanga, me ona hinonga wāhanga i roto i te kāwanatanga, me te nui atu.

Ko te pūnaha pūtea o te whenua titoa te o huānga maha. E pūtea ētahi o ratou i roto i te whāngai mahere o fakamolé me hua, etahi - kahore. Hei tauira, ki te whakatinana i ngā hōtaka e he takotoranga pāpori hauora ranei, he moni anō-pūtea. Te āhua, ka rite ki te mema o te pūnaha mākete ā-, taea mahi rite moni moni o te nama i te tahi atu kaiuru mākete. Kaituku i roto i tenei take, ka waiho hinonga ture me takitahi ia i to ratou tikanga free rawa moni. Ko te hiahia hoki loans pakari i roto i te hanganga o te tarepa i roto i te pūtea. Kei te whakamahia tuku moni mō te whaowhia o moni i roto i te etahi rāngai o te ōhanga wā-poto i roto i te tikanga ki te mau tonu te pūmautanga pūtea te whenua o. I roto i te take i reira kua haere te āhua ki tono i te tahi atu whakahaere takitahi ranei, i reira he he nama. E ai ki ona āhuatanga, kua wehea ai ki e rua ngā momo: roto, o waho (i runga i te wahi o te moni o te rēhita rānei). I roto i te puka, nama pau e te State, e taea te kanohi rite:

- whiwhinga;

- kāwanatanga loans, kawea atu te whakamahi i te tuku ki te mākete o te peeke;

- te tahi atu mau tarahu.

Huringa i hanga i muri i te parariraa o te USSR

Whanaketanga o te pūnaha pūtea te Russian Federation o e kinakitia e kitea i roto i nga tau tata nei. I roto i te tahi mau rāngai o te ōhanga motu kitea te tohu o te tupu, engari kei te nuinga o ngā ahumahi i te wā o te stagnation me te hua paku. Ko te pūnaha pēke i muri i te raruraru 1998 tata rawa whakahoki te taumahinga o te tau. Tino whakawhanake ngā wāhanga o tuku moni, reira whakarato i te pānga nui i runga i te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua. I te wa ano te wahi o loans ki te rāngai tūmataiti, Kei te piki haere tonu, e tohu he whakapai ake i roto i te toko i te ora o te iwi, me te he katoa. I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga, kua nui haere matou rakau, nui haere whakatauranga nama ao o te pūmautanga pūtea a Russia. Otiia, ko ngā iti te rahi o kukume whakapaipai ke ki te pūnaha pūtea o te whenua, whakaritea ki nga öhanga o whenua whakawhanakehia (Germany, USA, France),. Heoi, hangaia e te tupu tamau o kuputohu me whakawākanga he taiao pai mō pūtea ke, me te kāinga. I roto i nga tau tata nei i reira kua he akiaki pai o te tupu o ngā rauemi pūtea, me te hinga i roto i ngä päpätanga huamoni i runga i loans. kia whakaaro te čnei, mo te putanga o enei ari hei hua i roto i te hokohoko ke, hoko rauemi raw i roto i te Moni o whenua ke, me te te kaupapa here ke whānui o te kāwanatanga. wātea moni rite ki te hua o te tukupu auau huamoni he pānga pai i runga i hinonga nui te whenua o ki te whakapiki ake i ngā mahi pūtea whakaongaongatia tupu ōhanga. ka anga Modern pūnaha pūtea o Russia i muri i te raupapa o panoni ki te kawe i roto i tona mahi matua - ki te whakarite i te tupu o te ōhanga.

Hanganga i tenei rohe

kore kua pūnaha whakahaere pūtea i roto i Russia mo te wa roa oti huringa nui. I te tau 2006, te ture i reira he whakahounga faariro i. pa ratou i roto i te wahi tuatahi, te hanganga, me te whakapaunga o te pūtea o te Russian Federation. He wae hanganga hou. I roto i ngā pūtea o municipalities takitahi me nohoanga tāone i hanga e. I roto i te anga ture heke mai o enei kaupapa kua oti whakahōunga nui. Ko tētahi o nga mōreatanga matua fehangahangai e te pūnaha pūtea o te Russian Federation - he nama tōmuri i runga i herenga nama o te pēke. Kei te tipu haere te uara o te nama katoa, e kua he pānga tōraro i runga i ngā rāngai o te ōhanga. I roto i tahuri, i te pareparenga mo te toronga o herenga nama titau te Päkehä ki tamau o te moni. E ai ki economists, kia ara te rahi o taua nama ki te 10% o te katoa hanganga taurewa kōpaki e pai pēhia ngā te hanganga ōhanga katoa. Kei te titiro te kāwanatanga Russian mō huarahi ki te whakaoti i te rapanga. Te anihia nei ia ki te whakapiki ake i te pūmatuatanga o te pareparenga nui rawa i te utu o here kāwanatanga. Kei te whakaaro ano hoki kōwhiringa te whakanui ake i te wahi inihua o te moni tāpui me te withdrawal o raihana mō te whakahaere ngā mahi pūtea i roto i te maha o "hārakiraki" pūtahi pūtea.

Ko te takenga mai o ngā raruraru o nāianei

He maha o economists kāinga nui whakapono e te take mo te ngoikore, i te mea te pūnaha pūtea o te Federation Russian - ko te ngoikore ki te urutau hohoro ki te tikanga mākete tere te huri, me te rawa nui whakawhirinaki i runga i ngā rauemi raw me te kore o te whakataetae i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga. Te kāwanatanga, i te whakauru whakarerekētanga ohaoha hou, e ngana ana ki te hāngai te āhuatanga uaua te ao moni. Puta werohanga wā whakapaipai i te tahua rāhui, i, i roto i te tahuri, i hanga i te wa o te tuwhene pūtea (i mua i 2008). Heoi, whakaae te nuinga o ngā tohunga e kore e mutunga ona moni, a ka muri mo te tau torutoru ratou. Kei te haere Modern Russia i roto i te tukanga matatini o te hanganga o tona hanganga ōhanga. He maha ngā āhuatanga kino tahi tenei mahi, hei tauira, te nama i runga i herenga nama, he uaua ki te kia tātarihia, ka aroturuki te āhuatanga. I roto i taua tikanga ko reira uaua nui ki te whakarite i te mahi o tetahi o nga mahi matua o te mākete pūmau - te tohatoha anō o pūtea (rauemi) rere i roto i te reira.

mutunga

Te ōhanga, e hāngai ana i runga i nei te pūnaha o te pēke pūtea, he faingamālie fe'unga ki te huru hohoro ki tetahi huringa. Ko te pēke pokapū ko te mema whakamutunga o tenei hanganga nama. I roto i tenei whakaaro, tūmanakohia te whanaketanga o te pūnaha pūtea i roto i te Russian Federation te ki te tīmata ki te kōwhiringa o te rängai pēke, i roto i nei te tohatoha anō taketake o rerenga rauemi ka puta. Ki te mahi i tenei, me whai koe i te hanganga pūmau, te mukunga o te kaitākaro ngoikore katoa. He mea tika ki te whakawhanake wā kotahi nga mākete pūtea o te Russian Federation, e, ki te haunga o te utu ke, kei roto i te kōhungahunga wawe. Anake i roto i enei tikanga e taea ki te hanga i te turanga ōhanga hauora. Ko te ki runga ki a ia i roto i te heke mai ka te mahi matua o te tohatoha anō o ngā rauemi pūtea i roto i te whenua kia whakaritea.