Ko te hītori o te pa o Ivanovo: te tau o turanga, wae ahumahi

puta Future Ivanovo rite te pa kaiahuwhenua iti e tata ana te ohu Siu i te rau tau XVII. Ina e, tupu te kainga kua whakawhetai ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi pueru rohe. Mai i te rau tau XIX, ko te pokapū ahumahi nui me te hub ōhanga nui o te whenua.

Ko te whakahua tuatahi

timata Ivanovo-tuhia hītori o te pa i roto i 1609, i te mea kua whakahuatia tuatahi te whakataunga i roto i meatanga tuhituhia i roto i te Tokotoru-Herekiu pakiki. E ai ki tenei puna, i whakaturia he pa iti noho kaimahi tangata haereere nei mahue none patrimonial. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te whakapoauau reira ki atu whakataunga Ivanovo ki ingoa rite, kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina ai Ivanovo-Kohomskim (i muri ko Kohma pa).

Ko te whakahua tuatahi o te kainga e hono ki te Time o akina, ka tukua e Russia i te whawhai metarahi me te wawaotanga Polish. Kua tae whakaeke Foreign noa ki te Ivanovo. pahuatia Russia i roto i te āhua whakamataku, e kore i te ope kaha, e pai akina me pei nga whakaeke reira. I roto i te 1608-1609 gg. i whakamahia te kainga rite te wāhi tohutoro mo te ope o amo, Lithuanians ko Cossacks kaitautoko o te teka Dmitry II. Kua i roto i te rau tau XX, kitea whaipara i roto i nga kākahu pa o te wa, i hanga i runga i te tauira Te Hau-ā-uru Pākehā. I roto i 1609-m i iti (turanga tau Ivanovo) kainga, a noho inconspicuous mo etahi wa. Ko hanga tupu ōhanga atu kua reira he pokapū nui o pueru production.

Boyar matua

i mua i Ahakoa no te tīmatanga o te aue wahi huri noa Kokhma ki te mana Prince Skopin-Shumsky. I roto i te rau tau XVI whakaturia Pokrovsky ohu i konei. Kei te whakapono te reira e te rangatira rongonui hōia Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky pau tona tamarikitanga i roto i tenei rohe. Ko te hītori o te pa o Ivanovo - he tauira angamaheni o te kainga kaiahuwhenua i runga i te taha o te kāwanatanga Russian. whai wāhi te kāinga i roto i te whakangao me te tae papanga i te harakeke, whakamahia ki te hanga whare pungawerewere. Pāmu konei i ruarua whakawhanakehia e tika oneone nizkoplodorodnyh.

I raro ko Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich te tatauranga, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki nei kei te tiaki i roto i nga puna. Ngā mihi ki ēnei tuhinga i tenei ra, a takaro te hītori o te pa o Ivanovo. I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XVII, i reira i nui atu i te kotahi rau whatianga, e ko he tokomaha mo te taua wahi mamao.

noho o whakapono Old

Ko te arawai matua he awa whakatere Ivanovo Uvod. Ngā mihi ki a ia, i taea ki te whakatū i hononga ōhanga kaha ki rohe tata nga noho o te kainga. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, e kore e whakaaetia te oneone i roto i tenei rohe ki te tupu witi, engari ko reira he taiao nui ki te kohikohi nui te kotinga o harakeke.

I roto i te 1638, i muri i te iwi mate iho Skopin-Shuisky, te kainga haere ki te rangatira Cherkassky. Ahakoa i muri i 30 nga tau ko te taupori o Ivanovo kua 800 iwi, e kore tae atu i te whakahaere, me te minita. Tonu ki te puta i te mau hiero hou. E ko to ratou tokomaha te tohu matua o te tini me te haamaitairaa o tetahi kainga Russian i te wa. A, no te reira ko te whenua he wehewehenga, e pā ana ki te hanganga o Patereareha Nikon, he wahi waipuke ki te whakapono Old. Kua tata te reira hītori Ivanovo pa kua pā ana ki te popovtsev kaupapa. rere enei iwi ki te pito o te whenua atu i te kāwanatanga pokapū, repressed hairesi.

Ko te whakapaipai o te ahumahi pueru

arahina te whanaketanga ki te putanga o te raranga i roto i nga rangatira kainga o papa reo kakahu tāngia. Ki tenei tikanga, tono ki te tauira kakahu heke mai, me te faahoho'araa tae. Ivanovo rite te whakapaipai pueru o Russia ka mau wahi i roto i te rau tau XVII. Kua hokona taonga Local i hokohokonga i roto i ngā rohe ngā o te whenua. E whakamahia ana ēnei papanga i roto i te tono nui i roto i te taupori whānui.

Āta riro atu me te ake noho i roto i Ivanovo, hanga ana e ia nga taonga io me te ake. kaimahi Local hoko ki Astrakhan me roto i te reira ki te whenua rawhiti - .. Pahia, te Caucasus, me ētahi atu te awe enei whanaungatanga ōhanga te toi körere iho. timata Ivanovo hua ki te kawe i te ōhakitia o te ahurea te rawhiti.

I te timatanga o te rau tau XVIII, whakahaeretia e Tsar Pita ahau he faaapîraa o te ahumahi pueru. A, no te farii i te reira i te kainga Ivanovo ake tikanga whare o. kohia takoha hokohoko ona kaimahi, i haere ki te takotoranga moni. Heoi, i reira piki he ngaru hou o kaimahi, ka anga ki te puta wahi tūmatanui hou, pērā i hōtera. Ka rite ki te tahi atu whakataunga Russian katoa o te wa, i tukua e te kainga i ahi auau. Hei tauira, i roto i te 1723 pau te ahi neke atu i te 200 iari, mahue maha noho, kahore kāinga me te rerenga.

revolution ahumahi

Oddly nui, kua nui haere te faufaa ōhanga o Ivanovo tika ki te Pakanga o 1812. A, no te whakaekea te ope o Napoleon Moscow, a hanga ana e ia he ahi nui tahuna i roto i te ahi, tae atu Moscow me hinonga raranga. I muri i taua, kihai i Ivanovo industrialists mo te wa roa te whakatau i te whakataetae i roto i te hokohoko kāinga, me te ke. He pakari ratou ka mau niches ōhanga, e na kahore tetahi i hoatu e.

Ki te i roto i 1810 te hoko o papanga kawea Ivanovo 1 miriona moni, 7 tau ranei i muri mai kua nui haere tenei ahua i te 7 wā. He nga whare fabrikantskie rohe - .. Kuvaeva, Polushina, Garelina etc. haumi ratou e kore anake i roto i ona ake production, engari ano hoki i roto i te hanganga tāone. timata wheketere Local ki mai i nga pa tata a Moscow kore anake, engari ano hoki i nga whenua ke.

Ahakoa belatedly, engari i roto i Ivanovo i te rau tau XIX timata tona revolution ahumahi. Kei te neke rangatira Pakihi atu i mahi ā-ringa ki wheketere, me te iriti i te hanga waka. hinonga New taea ki te whakapiki ake i te tere o te whakaputa me te pai i te tauhokohoko. timata matou ki te puta wheketere hou kihai i i pā hāngai ki papanga, engari he tūranga tautoko. Ko te matū, metalworking, mīhini me te miro mira. i mua ara te whakakāhoretanga o kaimahi maha serfdom Ivanovo no o tona ōhanga pueru i hoko i pai ai, me te ara hei kaihokohoko. Hei te mahi i roto i te whare hou i whakaritea i te rawakore, me te rawakore i nga pa tata. Enei iwi noho i roto i Posada, tona maha Kei te piki haere piki haere.

Ko te tūnga o te pa

I roto i te tau 1872, hainatia Tsar Alexander II he tikanga i runga i te whakatū o te pa o Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Ki tenei mahi, formalizes reira he mea tutuki fait. Kua tupu te kainga mo te wa roa, a he nui rawa tona pūmanawa ōhanga mō te pa inconspicuous iti i roto i te kawanatanga Vladimir. kawea te pakanga mo te whakatūnga o te pa i roto i te taha o te mana ā-rohe mō te maha o ngā tekau tau.

Hoki i roto i 1853, e rave rahi whakataunga i puta huri noa te kainga, i piri i roto i Voznesensky Posad. Ko tōna taupori 3.5 mano kaimahi me nga kaimahi. ko nga noho kainga rua rite maha, engari ko te reira ōhanga atu whakamuri. ka noho burgher Duma, te heamana o i meinga kaiwhakanao mana nga whare e.

Ko reira ka hoatu e te kaupapa tūmataiti o industrialists hiringa hou ki te whanaketanga o Ivanovo. Russia i roto i te tau 1860 ite e rave rahi whakahounga tuwhena. eke te ōhanga i runga i ngā rārangi capitalist hou. I te moni Tuhinga tūmataiti i whakapumautia Hospital mo kaimahi, he kura hangarau mō rātou tamariki, me te he whare pukapuka tūmatanui. I teie mahana i enei whare - urupa o Ivanovo.

No te mea o te Civil War American i Russia tata kua mutu ki te kawe ki reira te miro. Tenei heke ahua te kaupapa o te tupu o te öhanga i roto i Ivanovo. Heoi, ka anga te whakapaipai pueru o Russia ki te tupu tika ki te whakakāhoretanga o serfdom me te matamua o peasants ki te wheketere. i akina atu e tupu taupori me te hua i roto i te maha o hinonga te kāwanatanga pokapū ki te whakarongo ki te kainga, me te hoatu a reira te mana te pa.

koroke proletarian

I roto i te nohopuku tipu Ivanovo-Voznesensk tae i nga kaimahi hou katoa. Nā ki te maha nui o wheketere me te wahi motuhake i roto i te ōhanga o te pa a tae noa ka mohiotia rite "Russian Manchester". Heoi, te whakanui ake i te papatipu mahi arahina ki te hua i roto i te mānukanuka pāpori. Ko Ko te aha i roto i te timatanga o XX takaí rautau rohe Ivanovo katoa whakangaueuetia e aro, aro, me te tahi atu mau huru o te tautohe proletarian ki te mana.

meinga te pa he pokapū o attraction o kaitautoko o ngā whakaaro tōrangapū tuwhena. I 1892 i reira puta te porohita tuatahi o Marxists, ara i muri i te 6 tau ki reira ko te komiti o te Russian Social-Democratic te Rōpū Reipa. Ko te revolution Russian tuatahi i roto i 1905 ki Ivanovo tohua e te aro papatipu. roa te reira i 72 ra. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata, i roto i te tautohe tae e 30 mano kaimahi ta'efiemālie '. i paerewa ratou titauraa i taua wa - ki te whakaae i runga i te paepae utu iti ki te tomo i te waru-haora mahi ra, etc ...

kihai Manufacturers ki te hanga whārangi ki te mautohe. Na ka puritia te mautohe ratou ake pōtitanga, ka pōtitia 151 māngai. Ko te hunga i hanga kaunihera upaupa no Ivanovo-Voznesensky o kaitohutohu kaimahi '. Ko te reira i te faanahonahoraa taua tuatahi i roto i te aamu i te whenua o. I raro i ture Soviet, Ivanovo ngā o 1905 kua homai tokanga makehe. whakapumautia matatini whakamaharatanga "Krasnaya Talka" i roto i te pa. Kei roto te reira maha urupa o Ivanovo, i runga i te hītori o te kaupapa hou. I roto i 1905, i roto i te mahi rōpū i te taitamariki Bolshevik Mikhail Frunze. I muri mai, e riro ia tetahi o nga kau taki hōia rongonui tino me te feia faatere o te Soviet Union. timata rite orurehau tona mahi i roto i Ivanovo.

Whakatūnga o Bolshevik mana

I muri i te Tuhinga o Nicholas II i Ivanovo mana rua, i he angamaheni mo te nuinga o te whenua. I tetahi taha ko te Soviet o mua Kaimahi ', me i te tahi atu - māngai o te Kāwanatanga Takitaro. Tuatahi, i te pa mana nui o te SRS me Mensheviks. A, no te i tū te raumati re-pōtitanga ki te kaunihera ā-rohe, te nuinga o ngā tūru i roto i reira e nohoia e te mua. Hoki rongo e pā ana ki te nuku Revolution i mua, i rite ratou, ka hanga tonu he tari matua orurehau. Ko te pakanga ā-iwi e kore e tata e pāngia e enei wahi. haere te mana o nga mua, kahore tetahi toto, a ma, me te kore i tae te pa.

I roto i te 1918, i hanga te kawanatanga Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya. ka te reira i te pokapū o te ahumahi pueru o te Soviet Russia. hanga nga mua he kaupapa hou o te Kotahitanga, i runga i te pūtake o tona rangatiratanga ōhanga me te noho wehe nga kawanatanga tata i. kitea tonu te mana hou ki runga ki te ora o te pa. I hāngai te reira i whakaako, me te whare kuratini. Ka anga ki te puta hou kura, hohipera, taonga me ngā whare pukapuka. I roto i te 20-doma. whakatuwheratia ona ake supply wai, a muri ia ia, i roto i te puka o pahi waka tūmatanui.

wheketere pueru New i roto i te pa ngā kaimahi i ngā wāhi tata. I roto i a ratou tokomaha nga wahine, tika tuahine nira ahu, me ētahi atu reira, i roto i te wa Soviet riro Ivanovo te ingoa rongonui - .. "Ko te pa o nga wahine taumau". mana ā-rohe hohoro whakakahoretia o nga mea katoa e taea e fakamanatu te wā kingi. Na reira, i roto i te 1932 i te mutunga whakaingoatia te Ivanovo-Voznesensk Ivanovo. whanau placename mua te ōhakitia o te religiosity Siu mua, ka māngeongeo te mua.

pokapū rohe Soviet

I roto i te rima tuatahi tutuki Ivanovo te mana o "whakapaipai proletarian te toru" i muri i Moscow me Leningrad. I hono reira ki te maha nui o wheketere me hinonga ki te whakatuwhera. I taua wa, te whakamahere i te kaiārahi Soviet i ki te neke i te pokapū whakahaere o te RSFSR i roto i tetahi atu pa, i te mahue te whakapaipai Soviet i roto i Moscow. I roto i te "kaitono" mo te taitara ko reira ko Ivanovo, ahakoa kahore i whakatinana te kaupapa.

Otiia, ko te reira i roto i te-doma 20-30. ite te pa tona ara nui rawa. Ivanovo tino hanga. titiro kaihoahoa Soviet ki reira rite te whenua whakamātautau mo ratou ake ngā. No te mea o tenei i tenei ra i roto i te pokapū rohe i reira e maha urupa o te tīmatanga o Hanganga hapori. He Ētahi atu pa nui nui rawa, me te ahurei kura circus te whenua o mō ngā tamariki o te whānau hapori ke (Interdom).

Kua Bolshevik anō Ivanovo kua tohungia te rota o te mau hiero, me hahi hanga i roto i te wā czarist. Hei tauira, i whakangaromia ai Pokrovsky Monastery, a tawhio noa nei i tetahi wa, ka hanga e te whakataunga, e muri ka te pokapū rohe. I wahia Ko tōna whare, me te i roto i tona wahi Drama hanga Theatre, i whakatuwheratia i roto i te tau 1939.

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic he angamaheni muri Ivanovo pa ko. Here i whakatahia nga hohipera papatipu whakatuwheratia hoki hoia me civilians. E mea pinepine nohoia e ratou nga whare o ngā kura, me te tahi atu whare tūmatanui. I roto i te 1942, i hanga te turanga mo te hoia rangi French "Normandie-Niemen" i runga i te rererangi Ivanovo. whawhai kaiurungi Foreign i te taha o te Soviet Union ki te Tuaka. I roto i te Ivanovo, noho ratou i roto i dormitories motuhake.

hurihuri

I muri timata te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i Ivanovo ki te whakatuwhera i te hinonga kore anake mua pueru, engari ano hoki tipu mīhini-hanga. Ko te putanga o wheketere hou arahina ki te roha tere o te whare tāone i roto i te 1980. Te nuinga o enei kamupene whakahaere i tenei ra.

Kua whakaurua e te pa hou nga āhuatanga o wā o mua katoa. Mohoa noa nei, i reira ko tautohetohe i roto i te tangata, ahakoa he mea e tika ana ki te hoki tona ingoa hītori Ivanovo Ivanovo-Voznesensk. mai ana tēnei kaupapa i activists, me kau taki o te Siu Ekalesia Russian. Ahakoa tenei, hou noho Ivanovo whakapono e he nui atu tika tawhito te ingoa o te pa o nāianei.

tohu o te pa

I te 1970 ka whāngai ai o ringa Ivanovo koti. Ko tōna taa takoto i roto i te meka e kore i reira Kiki whakaaro Soviet angamaheni - .. toronaihi, hama, whetu, me ētahi atu Engari, e whakaaturia ana e ratou te tohu o te revolution Russian tuatahi - te rama, me te he mea whatu rakau.

I muri i tenei o ringa koti Ivanovo ke kotahi anake. I te 1996 i hanga e ia te whakapakoko o te wahine taitamariki i roto i te sundress whero me te mahunga. I roto i ona ringa, ko te wira pōtaka - te tohu o te maha hinonga pueru. image Wahine i runga i te ringa - ko tetahi haamauraa i homai te mana o "te pa o nga wahine taumau" ki a ia mo te take tenei. he rongonui mo tona raranga wahine kairaranga te pa. Ivanovo haki, tangohia i roto i te 2003, e ariā tārite.