Kia pehea te nui Ko te whakarewa tino utu

Kua haere rave rahi matahiti mai reira, i roto i te tau 1869, whakaurua D. I. Mendeleev te iwi whānui tona tepu tuatahi o ngā huānga matū. A i tenei ra, he maha iwi i runga i te ao e mahara pātai rawa ngā: "He aha ta koutou karanga me te nui, ko te whakarewa tino utu i roto i te whenua?" A, ki te o kohatu utu nui kua hanga e nui atu iti iho pono ranei kanohi, ka ki te matauranga o te āhuatanga, ko te konganuku nui kino pakihi. he torutoru anake ka taea ki te ingoa i te whakarewa tino utu.

Na, ko reira osmium kanoirite 1870. I roto i te wā pūnaha o te Mendeleev whakarewa utu nui tino utu kei te i te tau 76. Ko te meka ko e Osmium kanoirite - te faingataa o ngā matū katoa e he tuwhera tangata. Maere, engari te kiato o te whakarewa rite ki te 22,62 g / cc. Osmium rerekē kakara mangeo āhuatanga, me te hiriwa. Nā ki ona āhuatanga tinana, me te matū o te whakarewa whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi karihi, whakapaipai ahumahi me pharmaceuticals.

Tonu he aha te mea te whakarewa tino utu iho e pea ki te e taea ki te kite i tatou. Ko te mea, ko te taua i tenei ra, ka whai te mākete o konganuku ferrous ia 1 karamu Osmium ki te utu neke atu i te 200 mano. Tara. Ko te tāwāhi mōhiohio tuatahi Osmium ko Katatānga, i roto i 2004 e whakaarohia ana ki te kotahi karamu o te utu o te 10 000 $. I tua atu i Katatānga, kahore whenua i roto i te ao tuku kanoirite osmium, no te mea ko te tukanga o te whakaputa he mahi tino matatini. Metal whiwhi e calcining aro o te konukawata i pāmahana o 900-1000 ° C.

Takahi te whakarewa tino utu - California 252. I o 2010, moni te utu o te 1 karamu o California ki 6.5 miriona tāra. Heoi, rāhui o tenei whakarewa o te ao, ko te he torutoru noa karamu, me rua anake whenua (Russia me te USA) hua e pā ana ki 20-40 micrograms ia tau. neke atu i te faahiahia i te āhuatanga ōkiko o California e: e taea ki te emit 2 miriona ngā iramoe ia te rua 1 anake g ko. Ngā mihi ki enei āhuatanga, te whakarewa whakamahia mo te maimoatanga o te pukupuku mārere i rongoa, ka rite ki te puna ira o te maha nui o ngā iramoe.

Ko tētahi atu whakarewa rangatira he konukawata. A ki te kahore ia e titau i te taitara o "whakarewa utu te nuinga," e wahi o te utu nui 5 tino noa. Ki te titiro tatou i te aamu, keri kē te konukawata i roto i te rau tau 12-14, nga iwi e noho ana i roto i te Andes. Hoki te iwi o Europe, ko kua ia i roto i te mau tenetere 16-17th. whai wāhi te whanaketanga o ngā wāhi konukawata i tenei ra e i roto i 5 whenua: USA, Russia, China, Awherika ki te Tonga me te Zimbabwe.

Nuinga o ngā wā hua moni konukawata, engari, pērā koura me te hiriwa, ka anga konukawata ki te miniti ratou āhua tata.

Kua oti pai whakamahia Metal i te hanga o hauora, hangarau niho me te taiaho. hipokina ratou te tinana o mua ki te tiaki ki te waikura.

Te ahumahi whakapaipai konukawata hoki kua he uara nui.

Ka rite ki o Kohitātea 1, 2013, te utu toharite mō te 1 karamu o te konukawata ko e pā ana ki $ 70. Ko te matua mākete hoko kua tonu Japan, engari i tenei ra he pakari ka mau te nikau ki runga ki Haina.

E te ara, nga tau pau ahumahi whakapaipai o te ao atu i te 50 taranata o konukawata, a pūkete China hoki e pā ana ki te 50% o nga hoko katoa.