Kaupapa me te tikanga o te ariā ohaoha

Economics Ko te rohe o te mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i taonga wairua, me te rauemi ki te makona i te hiahia tino kanorau o te iwi.

Kaupapa me te tikanga o te ariā ohaoha whakaaro nga whanaunga pāpori-ōhanga i waenganui i takitahi i roto i te tukanga o te tohatoha, production, utu me te kohi o ngā hua me ngā ratonga. Tuatahi, whakaaro te kaupapa o te ariā ōhanga, i te mea te ao o te tohatoha, me te hanga o te taonga, me ngā ratonga kaupapa ki herenga rauemi. Ki te pai whakaata i te mooni ōhanga o te ariā ōhanga whai wāhi maha tikanga motuhake: economics whānui, e tuatapapa i te ao ōhanga me ariā chastnoekonomicheskie whānui e ako nga wahi o te wāhi ōhanga, pērā i te ohaoha mahi, tatauranga, te whakahaere, ariā o te pūtea, kaute, marketing, ohaoha ahuwhenua me te ahumahi. Ko te tūnga o te whānui kerēme ariā ōhanga ki te ōhanga tōrangapū, te ariā o te ohaoha kunenga, me ētahi atu.

Whakaaro i te kaupapa me te tikanga o te ariā ōhanga, e kore e taea e tatou e te mea e tūhura reira te ture ōhanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te kakama, ōhanga tupu, mahi tonu, herekore ōhanga, he taumata utu pūmau, haumarutanga ōhanga, tohatoha tika o te moni, te toenga o te hokohoko.

Ko te tikanga matua o te ōhanga ngā: oti'a pūtaiao, tātari me te kōtuitanga, tātari kounga me te ine, te mātakitaki me te whakamātau, me te tini ke atu.

Taua, i roto i ngā whānui, te kaupapa me te tikanga o te ariā ohaoha.

Na i reira e maha rerekē whakangungu me te whakaako taonga. I roto i te ohaoha maha taea kitea pukapuka te ingoa o te pene wāhanga ranei "tikanga Subject me o ariā ōhanga", a kahore e tatou, kahore te hara - takoha utua ki te whakarerenga iho, ahakoa kahore he katoa pono tenei. e riro te reira i pai ki te tuhituhi "Ko te kaupapa me te tikanga o te ariā ohaoha", no te mea kahore he kotahi, kotahi, tikanga ao i roto i te ohaoha. He tokomaha o ratou, te matatini katoa, me matou titiro ki a ratou i teie nei.

Tikanga - tikanga tenei rangahau, ara o ohanga matauranga, māramatanga o te whanaketanga ōhanga. hāngai Economics ariā kei i runga i te tikanga e whai ake nei: mau (whakarāpopoto, mātakitaki, rōpū whakarite), me te tātari matatau me te kōtuitui anō o huarahi ine, me te kounga, te whakatauira hītori, me te arorau, whakaōkawa me etahi atu.

Te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha Ka taea te tukinotia te reira i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga, tīmata ki te wā Kariki onamata:

1) onamata: Tumu tātari tūturu Platon, Aristotle Ksenofontom (V-IV rau BC), ako te pūnaha pononga, ahuwhenua totoka tonu ;

2) te wā o te feudalism, i roto i nei ako te ōwehenga o tūturu me koloa ōhanga, i homai maioha o te tūranga ki te mahi, mahi tahi i waenganui i pāmu;

3) te wā o te ōhanga tōrangapū bourgeois: te mercantilists (16 th - utua 17 th rau) aro nui ki te ao o te tohanga; ōhanga tōrangapū puāwaitanga (17 th - 19 th rau tau) e hono ana ki te ao o te hanga o te taonga, i te tuatahi - i roto i te ahuwhenua me te ka i roto i te tahi atu ahumahi. Scientists-economists o tenei wā whakawhanakehia he ariā o te uara ;

4) te whanaketanga o te ōhanga tōrangapū o te mahi: i Marxism, tātarihia te pūnaha ōhanga kei i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te ngākau nuitanga o te piha haapiiraa mahi. I runga i te pūtake o Marxism puta manapori pāpori me Leninism;

5) Ko te rau tau 20: uiui e Neoclassicism utu me te toenga i roto i te tikanga hokohoko; te putanga o te kāwanatanga-heriheri te moni, Keynesianism, o te liberalism.

I roto i te tekau tau kua hipa ngā: institutionalism; ōhanga pou-ahumahi; te ariā o te whakawhiti ki te ōhanga mākete.