Kanisā - He aha He reira? Whakaahuatanga o te mate, take, te tātaritanga, waitohunga

Oncology, mate pukupuku - meinga kino enei ngā, te taha i te wehi Association i tokomaha o tatou. A, no te pa ki te puku mārere i roto i tetahi okana, kua nekehia te reira. Na te aha ki te mahi ki te mate pukupuku toto, e tonu haere puta noa i te tinana, me te te titiro mai nga pinepine te okana o ngā wā i te ra. E rave rahi te iwi whakapono ko 100% mate te mate, a, takiwa, e taea te tukinotia reira rite tetahi matepukupuku. Ko tōna ingoa tika - kanisā kanisā ranei. He aha te mea te reira? He aha ngā āhuatanga meinga ai? He tetahi taputapu e taea te whakaora e te reira? Ahakoa riro e te kanisā? Aha kia mamae ratou tamariki iti? Kia tamata o ki te whakahoki i ēnei pātai katoa.

wheketere toto

Te whakamārama he aha te mea kanisā, e kore te mea taea, e kore e hoatu kōrero o te toto. Te āhua i te wai ōrite, engari i roto i te meka i reira he mano o ngā pūtau mōkitokito - pūtau toto whero, platelets me ma pūtau toto. Katoa o ratou i roto i te wā wahi o ratou tau, me te mate. A tuu i te hunga mate tango tonu mea hou. hua ratou i te pera-ka karanga "wheketere" o toto, e kua kei roto i te thymus, kōateate, taikiri, wheua wheua, wheua tubular me te huha. Ranei mo te whakaputa i te hua whakamutunga e hiahiatia te feedstock. I te hematopoietic rauemi raw 'wheketere' he pūtau kakau. Ka rite ki e tika ana, e whakarerekētia ratou (rerekëtanga), tahuri ki te matūriki toto e hiahiatia ana. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko te matuatanga pūtau. Kei te āta aroturukitia ētahi pūnaha muri reira. Scientists mahi tenei hematopoietic "pūmana" matau iti, tatou e matau anake e i roto i te wā o te maoa pūtau kakau mamae kāhuarau maha, āta tahuri ki myelocytes, normocytes, prolymphocytes atu ra ano tae ratou i te wā whakamutunga, i roto i nei haere mai nga huringa ki te mutunga. Hei tauira, haere lymphocyte atamira lymphoblasts me prolymphocytes me ngeniwhero atamira eritrotsitoblasta, pronormotsita, normocytes me reticulocyte. A, no te puta he arā mo tenei uaua "nekeneke" timata papatipu pūtau hea teeki i te wāhanga takawaenga, Aukatihia ai te ara iahiko atu panoni. Hei tauira, e kore te reira e tae te lymphocytes, a ka mutu i te lymphoblasts. Huri i te reira i roto i te maha atu o ngā pūtau memeha faufaa e whakaemi kia nui e huihui ratou i iroriki noa toto-hanga. Heoi i reira ko te kanisā. He aha te mea te reira? Ko te mate mārere o te pūnaha hematopoietic tenei.

Ko te puka ma'i

Whakaröpütia Leukemias rite ki ngā paearu. Na roto i te āhua neoplastic o ngā tukanga o te huna hoki ratou puka whakapeka, me te ma'i. I roto i tenei take e noho enei whakamāramatanga me e kore e rite ki te paerewa. Ko te kupu, e kore e puka o te kanisā whakawhirinaki i runga i te roanga o te mate, me te kore e tika ki tetahi ki tetahi, engari ia kua he wāhanga o te murunga me te matahoki. āhuatanga kino o te kanisā ko mutants transportation nohopuku pūtau toto i roto i tetahi okana, meinga ratou kia tīmata mate pukupuku.

Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou kanisā ma'i. He aha te mea te reira, ka huaina te aha te reira? meinga tenei momo o te mate e irakētanga kua hanga e, rite hoki te mahi pūtau toto (erythrocytes, leukocytes, me platelets). Nuinga o ngā wā faaite te reira iho i waenganui i nga tau o te 50 tau, me te pakeke. Puka o te kanisā ma'i:

• myelocytic;
• neutrophilic;
• mieloskleroz;
• basophilic;
• myelomonocytic;
• monocyte;
• erythromyelosis;
• kanisā lymphocytic;
• kanisā pūtau huruhuru;
• lymphomatosis;
• gistotsitoz;
• iretrimiya;
• thrombocythemia.

He Ia o ratou ona ake tohu āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ka kanisā myelocytic anake tohu o te mate huaki he ngoikore, sweating, rohirohi. E kore e whakanuia te kōateate, he noa te toto. Ko te mea anake e kia mōhio - te nui haere te maha o neutrophils i te toto, ahakoa puta te reira i roto i ngā tukanga hopuhopu katoa.

Ko te āhuatanga noa o te kanisā ma'i ahu whakamua ko:

• ngoikore;
• sweating nui;
• splenomegaly;
• taikiri tetere;
• rashes i runga i te kiri, me kiriuhi mucous;
• tukanga necrotic o te kiri, me te okana;
• he exacerbation o raruraru hau i roto i te toto me te wheua wheua;
• mate hopuhopu;
• te whakanui ake i te maha o leukocytes i te toto;
• kookuhutanga o leukocytes i roto i te hinu wheua wheua;
• heke wātea i te mate.

kanisā lymphocytic ma'i

meinga tenei mate e irakētanga i roto i te lymphocytes paari, a 90-98% o ratou kei roto i te rōpū "B". Here te wehe wāhanga mārire, me te mārere. Ko te whakamutunga rawa hohoro tahuri ki lymphosarcoma. Ko tata ta'ealafakamatala'i tīmatanga o te mate, no te mea e kore e te manawanui ite tetahi tohu hihira, a ka whakaatu noa nga whakamātautau katoa toto, tae atu tatau pūtau toto ma. Neke atu i te wa, ka tīmata te tangata mate ki te mauiui hohoro, i reira sweating, me taikiri me kōateate e nui haere. I roto i te kanisā lymphocytic ma'i ko te puka motuhake, ka karanga kanisā pūtau puhuruhuru, he outgrowths villous āhuatanga o te cytoplasm, a ka kei reira te rota o te phosphatase me he ātete ki te waikawa tartarikovym. I roto i tenei puka o taikiri nui haere kore e, me kōateate. Tona āhuatanga tuarua - cytopenia, arā, he whakaiti i roto i te toto o tetahi ranei katoa i ngā huānga kotahi i hanga. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te tātaritanga o ngā momo katoa o leukemias lymphocytic uaua noa i te raveraa i whakamātautau toto, no te mea he rite mo tetahi mate hopuhopu nga hua. e whakawarea ana hoki tika te tātari mumura o te taikiri, e kore e taea te pā ana ki kanisā. whakamana tūroro maimoatanga rongoā paturopi tuatahi, me te ka whakapūtā te tikanga tātaritanga o histological me rangahau cytological i mahi Roentgen (kanisā pūkahukahu i hanga infiltrates o lymphocytes nui haere taikiri rei).

Ko te puka whakapeka o kanisā

I roto i te tamarikitanga me te taiohitanga, ko te atu noa kanisā whakapeka. He aha te mea te reira a pehea he reira kino? meinga tenei momo o te mate e irakētanga i roto i te pūtau toto teeki, te tuatahi (hau) kāwanatanga. I runga anō i te aha momo o ngā pūtau tuatahi mutated, nga momo e whai ake nei o te leukemias whakapeka:

• monoblastny;
• myelogenous;
• eritromieloblastny;
• myeloblastic;
• kanisā lymphoblastic whakapeka;
• undifferentiated.

Ka rite ki i roto i te te kanisā whakapeka i roto i te toto, ko te whakakapinga o matūriki kohuke i runga i te toto teeki mahi āta ngaro tona mahi e tūmanakohia ana, ara, te supply o whēkau o te hāora, me ngā matūkai. Hoki tino heke rawa ngaro leukocytes mahi mā te tiaki i te tinana ki microorganisms ke ranei.

Tohu o te kanisā whakapeka

momo katoa o te mate i te taahiraa matamua (arahina), murunga me te matahoki. Ka mauruuru te reira e ko te reira taea e rua tuatahi, me te korerotia matahoki o kanisā whakapeka. mate somptomatika Tapeke ko e whai ake:

• tini puku i roto i te hinu wheua wheua;
• anemia nui;
• ngoikore whānui ki te mamae o te manawa, me te whanoke;
• toto mucosal me ulceration (stomatitis auau, tonsillitis, ulceration i roto i te pū kai, me te paru);
• rashes i runga i te kiri;
• whakanui i roto i te ate, kōateate, taikiri;
• kakā;
• mamae i roto i te wheua, ina he effleurage (take growths i roto i enei pūtau mutant) ratou;
• sepsis me ētahi atu pōauautanga hopuhopu.

Puta murunga ina te kore toto kitea ngā pūtau teeki i roto i te hinu wheua wheua o iti iho i te 5%, a kahore he wātea te tini o te hinu wheua wheua leukemic.

Ko te tino mōrearea, me te lahi i roto i ngā tamariki i roto i te rōpū tau 1-6 tau ki kanisā lymphoblastic whakapeka. Nuinga o ngā wā whiwhi ratou tamariki e mate ana.

Mai te lymphocytes kei roto i te puka "B" (kawenga mō te antibody production) me "T" (nga whawhai matūriki ke), e wehewehea kanisā lymphoblastic ki te maha ngā momo, ia o nei mutate etahi momo o leukocytes. I roto i ngā ōrau, te mata "i roto i" puka, e faaite 85%. puta te pā tihi i roto i ngā tamariki i te 3 tau, mai i tenei tau kaha te tinana hua "B" -leykotsity. e "T" -form te mata i roto i ngā taiohi 14-15 tau, ka te thymus tae tona rahi mōrahi. I roto i te murunga o te kanisā i roto i tenei momo tika kia noa inu cerebrospinal. Ora ake te tamaiti whakaaro nei murunga pumau mo 5 tau, neke atu rānei. Ko te tere oranga o ngā tamariki ki te maimoatanga wā, me te tika o te kanisā whakapeka ko 80-85%.

Take me tātaritanga

Kanisā i roto i ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki ai raruraru i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūira e taea te meinga e hē tuku awenga waho ranei. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• irradiation (radiation);
• carcinogens (rongoā, kai, matū);
• nikotīni;
• te hahau o te pukupuku.

E kore te te ariā o te etiology viral o kanisā ano mohiotia.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga tuku kua kua he hua nui i roto i te mate te kanisā i roto i te syndrome o Down, Bloom, Turner.

Tātaritanga o te kanisā ngā:

• tirohanga waho (pūkenga kōpuku, te tāutu i ngā whakarerekētanga mucosal);
• whakamātautau taiwhanga toto i runga i te hanganga ine o ngā pūtau whero toto, lymphocytes, pūtau toto whero, platelets;
• wheua unuhanga wheua;
• (Ka taea e PCR kitea te pūira Philadelphia, ki te reira);
• tātari FISH (whakaatu huringa i roto i te pūira);
• IPT (tautuhi pūtau mā te tohu, me antigens).

maimoatanga

E hiahiatia Tūroro ki kanisā ki te haere i te akoranga o te hahau (pire, werohanga o raau taero). hanga ana tēnei maimoatanga reira taea ki te whakamate i te pūtau mutated katoa. te tikanga he kore iti iho i te rua hahau - tuatahi, taahiraa o te puka whakapeka o te mate, me te prophylactic, i roto i te murunga. I muri i te wā tuatahi o te maimoatanga me te ka pa 100% o nga hua whakamana te transplantation o ngā pūtau wheua wheua. Ki te muri i tae mai katoa o tenei mahi , he matahoki, reira tohu ki te memeha noa o rongoā tono. I roto i ngā take pēnei, te huri i te talena maimoatanga. whakaiti tonu matahoki o kanisā te auau ora. Kua tāutuhia Doctors he maha o ngā momo o te mate e hoki:

1. I roto i ngā o

• superearly (tere ora o% 10 anake);
• wawe;
• te mutunga o (tutuki angitu i roto i 38% o ngā take).

2. localization

• i waho i te hinu wheua wheua;
• wheua wheua (te tino mōrearea);
• ngā.

Tino nui me te, i roto i nuinga o te wā mate ohorere o te kanisā. Kia pehea te mōrearea ko reira, ki te kahore hoki maumaui o nga mahi o te toto? Tuatahi, ko te meka e ngā pūtau mate pukupuku horapa ngāwari me hohoro puta noa i te tinana. Tuarua, he pōauautanga nui o te mate, i roto i nei te pūtau mutant taea tomo ki te kiriuhi roro. Te toru, meinga nga pānga taha i te maimoatanga o ngā momo katoa o te kanisā.

Kanisā o kararehe (kararehe)

nga kararehe katoa, tae noa ki nga ngārara, rawa, mamae i te kanisā, ko te ingoa tuarua malignancies hematological. I whakaahuatia e ia i roto i 1858. I te tuatahi i whakaaro ai e kore te mea kino ki te tangata tenei mate. Na, whakawhetai ki te rangahau hou, kua whakamatauria te reira e no te kararehe iwi kanisā, notemea he riri nui. Ki te rā, kei te āhua pai i matau ki te mate, engari kua kore i whakawhanakehia ano te maimoatanga. Ka rite ki te tangata, kanisā i roto i nga kararehe whakakitea i roto i pihi puku (tini) o ngā pūtau kiko hematopoietic ki paheke i roto i te maha nui o lymphoblasts toto teeki me myeloblasts. Ai enei irakētanga Bovine huaketo leukaemic. Tetahi mana'o ko tona tapepe ki pāmahana teitei me ngā matū. Ko te kupu, mate te reira i roto i te kai ia meneti i te pāmahana o te 60 ° C, me i roto i te waiu i te pāmahana o te 75 ° C mō te 20 kua hēkona. Ko reira ngāwari ki te whakakore i nga rongoā huaketo o formaldehyde, māota, konutai waihā. Otiia i roto i nga kararehe ora e kore e taea ki te whakangaro i te reira. Ko te meka e pānga ki te lymphocytes. Tetahi momo o te therapy hāngai i whakangaro kanisā huaketo, i te wa ano e whakamotitia te pūtau ma toto me kahore e mate te kararehe.

Tohu o te mate

Ka taea e tohu Cattle kanisā puta ake ki te 6 tau. tenei wa katoa, te kararehe, ko te huaketo e taea whakapoke i ētahi atu kararehe, me te tangata, me te tākaro i te uri mate, reira horahanga te mate i roto i ngā pāmu kararehe. Tohatoha 4 ngā wāhanga o te mate:

• podleykoznaya;
• tuatahi;
• tohatoha;
• kāpeka.

I roto i te wā tuatahi whakaatu noa whakamātautau toto ngā. he whakamātautau toto motuhake anake e taea kitea te mate (whakamātautau serological, whakamātautau virologic). Ko te pāmu kāwanatanga noho ratou whakamahere me te i roto i ngā maha he mohio e tona Burenka aroha marere te tangata.

āhuatanga te wāhanga tuarua e te hua i roto i te maha o leukocytes me lymphocytes i roto i te toto, a reira ko te ōrau nui o ratou puka teeki. Heoi, ko tonu i reira te tohu waho o te mate.

Anake i roto i te toru o nga wā o kararehe kanisā tīmata ki te whakaatu tohu haumanu. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• rohirohi kararehe;
• ino whānui, kēkeno;
• whakaiti loto;
• raruraru ki te wahi kūnatu (korere kōroke ranei, uaua ngangau);
• kōwhaitanga o te kiriuhi mucous;
• te ino o te ngakau;
• edema maha (i roto i te ū dewlap, puku);
• pripadanie i hata waewae;
• exophthalmia;
• taikiri tetere (i ētahi wā tae ratou te rahi o te matenga o te tamaiti).

E kore e te atamira whakamutunga muri roa. whakakitea tohu haumanu katoa i te wa ano whakahuatia mahino i roto i te toto i te ōrau nui o mutated pūtau ma toto ki te hehema ki to ratou whakaiti ine whānui. ngaro te kararehe tona kaha ki te whawhai i te mate, me te mate.

I roto i te taitamariki nohopuku haere nga wāhanga katoa me te kararehe pakeke i ētahi wā mate tonu i te kōateate whaturama. Ka taea e tupu te reira i te aroaro o te tīmatanga o ngā tohu.

ārai

Ka rite ki kanisā maimoatanga o te kararehe e kore e taea e, o te faufaa rahi i roto i te whawhai ki te mate, ko te ārai. I roto i te wahi tuatahi ko reira ki te whakahaere tätari wā. I roto i te pāmu nui te mahi e ratou i ia tau 1 wa mo kararehe katoa, me te 2 nga wa ki nga puru. Ki te kitea te kau e hoki neke atu i te 2 kawe huaketo, whakaaro te pāmu e ki kia rawakore. Fakatonutonu i te āhuatanga whakahaere i roto i rua ara - puhipuhi o kararehe huaketo me te whakakapinga o te taupori katoa. I te wa ano patu huakita tika whare witi.

He mea nui hoki te ārai o te Tuhinga o kuao kau ki te kararehe ngā. Me-tirohia kararehe katoa kawemai i runga i oncornavirus.

He reira he waiu kanisā me kai i takea mai i te kararehe pangia? Kia aroha mai, ae. Milk i kau mate ana i te kanisā, Kei te tino riria ana ki te inu hou. kia tenei waiu e tukua ki te rātaka, te wahi e kitea ai ki te pasteurization wā roa-. I roto i te taiao ā-taea inu i te reira i muri i te roa (e kore e iti iho i te 5 meneti) koropupu. tūtohu maha kaiwhakaako te whakamahi o taua waiu anake hoki whāngai kararehe.

Meat, ki te mea kahore he uaua hinga kanisā taea te kai hoki i muri i te maimoatanga wera tupato. Ki te whai tatou he whāinga ranei tinana kararehe mate miharo me te uaua kōhiwi, me nga tikanga ona tinana o.