Ka rite ki te rapa isoprene waihanga

He maha rapa tūturu ahurei, me tetahi o te mua whakaaro te rapa isoprene. hua Ahumahi te whānui o ngā momo o ngā hua, me ngā āhuatanga rerekē, me ngā tirohanga o te kaiwhakakökï e kua tono momo - lithium, matatini, me te rite.

Kia pehea te he rapa

Ko te rapa isoprene waihanga, stereoregulyaren reira me te farii i te reira i roto i te polymerization o isoprene, whakanohoia i roto i te reo o te whakarewa e mangere ki te whakakōkī matatini. Kei te mahi tenei, hei tauira, Ski-3. Me kia tonu Polymerization o isoprene i te otinga, mo tenei whakaaro i reira he pākahiko o wha - e ono polymerizers e e te matao o tote.

Te waetahi i roto i te ranunga hāngai ki tekau ma rua - rima ōrau, ka ka kia te faafariuraa rite iwa tekau-rima ōrau tiketike, me o muri hoki e rua ki te toru haora i pāmahana i kore ki te tekau degrees. Ki te tika ki te whiwhi i te rapa isoprene tiketike, Me te viivii o tauhohenga whakamahia i roto i te polymerization, he tohu tiketike rawa.

Stabilization me Drying

Waerau ki te tiaki ki hāora, e hiahia ana koe ki te ū i te reira ki te ranunga o te phenylenediamine me neozona e me tomo ki te waerau rite te otinga te whakatārewatanga wai ranei. Ki te tutakina isoprene rapa i te waerau rite te kongakonga, me konatunatua te waerau ki mamaoa me te wai, me te ka whakamōhio tāpiritanga e ārai te agglomeration (clumping). I muri i tenei ko reira tika ki te pei atu i te whakarewa. Na tatou e mau i roto i te tukanga o degassing, mawehe ai tītipi i te wai, me te whakamaroke i roto i te hobbing mīhini me whitiki dryers. I te mutunga o te tukanga ki te whiwhi isoprene rapa taea te whakaaro rite oti.

Na i reira tatou i runga i te tipu briquetting aunoa i raro i te pēhanga. Brand ski-3 - waihanga rapa isoprene, hua nei i roto i poraka o toru tekau toka ia. Kei te takai i te preform i roto i te polyethylene kiriata me te whakanohoia i roto i te putea pepa wha-apa. Kei te tukatuka tino pai tēnei kiriata tukutahi ki te tirotiro, i te mea he rapa isoprene, ona āhuatanga ki tino ranu pāmahana taea polyethylene fakamolū me uru ai ki te nuinga i roto i te whakaranu.

hanganga

rapa ia i te mea arumoni e wātea ana, he ona ake āhuatanga, me te ahurei ki tenei āhuatanga momo. I roto i te tahi mau rubbers pai kaha aunoa, i ētahi atu - ngā āhuatanga resistance matū me te hau arai, te tuatoru kahore wehi o huringa i roto i te pāmahana, me te pera i runga i. Āhuatanga o takitahi rubbers waihanga pai māori i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi, me te maha nga wa. Anake te elasticity o rapa tūturu kore kua ano i nui, a ka ko te taonga tino nui mō te taua hua rite rererangi waka ranei potae reira.

I roto i te mahi, i nga wa katoa ratou he matatu nui - me te mānukanuka, me te kōpeketanga, e ai intermolecular waku, wera me te mate o te kounga. Ko, te teitei te elasticity o te rapa, te mauroa o te hua. Ko reira hoki tenei take e kore kua rapa tūturu ano puta i nga oko, me e te whakamahia ai mo te hanga o potae me taimaha-ohipa nui-tere rererangi me waka. rapa Natural - waerau isoprene, i te mea he aha, he taua mahi nui o pūtaiao mahi ki te riro i te orotahi o te rapa isoprene tūturu.

tātai

Ko te tino iti ngā rauemi rapa tūturu production. Pūnoa whakaputaina i roto i te āhua rapa he te tātai C ₅ H _8, rite tahuri reira i roto i, he mea tino ōrite tātai rāpoi o te isoprene whakaputaina e te e te whakawera i te rapa, i roto i nga hua o tona whāwehe. Ko te wero, ko te ki te kitea te ara utu nui. He rapa isoprene whiwhi e te tauhohenga polymerization, a konei he mea nui ki te hanga ake i roto i te tauhohenga. puta Polymerization no te mea: NCH ₂ = C (CH ₃₎ - CH = CH ₂ ----> (-CH ₂ - C (CH ₃₎ = CH - CH ₂₎ n.

Ko tonu te tikanga tino whaihua te tukanga o te dehydrogenation catalytic o isopentane, tukua nei te i te hau te hinu. Ka taea te pēwaro te rauemi tīmata hoki te faaineineraa o te isoprene: CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH _3, no te mea ki te whakawera, me ki kaiwhakakökï te tahuri hoki reira ki isopentane. He he he tikanga polymerization i roto i nei ki te tauhohenga hua hanga isoprene rapa te kia e whiwhi i te rapa te, tino rite i roto i te hanganga ki te taiao, me i konei he nga āhuatanga pai taua.

isoprene

Isoprene Ko te pūwaro hamanga no ki te raupapa diene. Ko te wai kanokore te ahua. He kakara rawa motuhake. rapa Isoprene - waetahi tūturu rite te toenga o ona ngā rāpoi ngota tomo ki maha atu pūhui taiao - isoprenoids, terpenoids me te rite. Ko te whakarewa organic wairewa. Ki te ewaro, mo te tauira, kia whakauru i roto i tetahi ōwehenga. Otiia i roto i te wai memeha reira painga.

Otiia ngā hanga he wae hanganga o te isoprene rapa i polymerization, e tika ana ki nei te isoprene rapa me te gutta percha whiwhi. Isoprene kia tomo ano ki tauhohe rerekē i roto i te copolymerization. I roto i te ahumahi, ko reira mahuinga ia, mai puta reira mā rubbers kōtuitanga, taka hauora, me te ara etahi matū odoriferous. I roto i to tatou whenua, kei te whakawhanake i te hanga o te rapa isoprene waihanga mo te wa roa, me he āhua e rua tekau-wha ōrau o production ao.

kōrero

whiwhi Origin isoprene i roto i te tau 1860 godu pyrolysis o rapa tūturu. pyrolysis - Ko te waiariki (pāmahana teitei), te roha o maha pūhui pararopi, me te organic i roto i nga tikanga o te hāora hē. I muri i whakaaro ai rama isoprene - hiko, me te pōkai wera, i roto i nei thermally decomposed i roto i te hinu paina taiwhanga hinu.

kawea Pakanga II o te Ao he hiahia nui i roto i te rubbers isoprene, isoprene me reira ako ki te hanga i runga i te tauine ahumahi i te pyrolysis limonene. Tonu, i utu rawa hoki hanga papatipu o te rapa waihanga isoprene. puta ke te āhuatanga ka i kitea e ia tetahi tikanga o te whakaputa i te reira i te hinu. Na ka anga matou ki te tupu hangarau mō polymerization isoprene.

Tūnga i roto i te ōhanga

Ko te mea tino nui i roto i te whakamahere i te whakaputa o te hua pērā i isoprene rapa, - te whiriwhiri tika o te wāhi, no te mea he mea e tika ana ki te whakaora i te hautanga o te wehenga _{o te} C ₅ ki te ūnga o te maha kamupene e whakahaere hangai. Te faufaa tuarua rawa - pupuri i roto i ngā mahere wahi hangaruatanga i te toe pūwaro i C ₅ hautanga.

E nga nineties wawe o te rau tau rua tekau, whakaputaina Western Europe e pā ana ki waru tekau-rima mano taranata o diene _5, o nei i dimerized e wha-wha mano taranata cyclopentadiene me rua tekau toru mano taranata - isoprene. Ko te toenga - e pā ana ki tekau ma rima mano toni - he piperylenes. Kotahi tekau nga tau i muri mai, ka nui haere te rōrahi ao o isoprene hanga ki te waru rau e rima tekau mano taranata ia tau.

āhuatanga

I raro i ngā āhuatanga paerewa, isoprene, kua rite kua mea - ko reira he ahua, te huitahi wai, i roto i te wai tata rewakore, engari i konatunatua i roto i tetahi ōwehenga ki Ethyl waipiro, he paearu, benzene, hauwaiwaro. Ko te ahei o te hanga ranunga azeotropic ki te whānuitanga o ngā tūmomo whakarewa organic Isoprene. A, no te whakaaro rangahau spectroscopic raraunga ko reira kitea e te nuinga o noa i rima tekau degrees o ngā rāpoi ngota isoprene e pūmau s-trans-conformation, kotahi tekau ma rima anake ōrau o te rāpoi ngota kei roto i te s-cis conformation. I waenganui i enei āhua rite ki te rerekētanga pūngao o 6.3 kJ.

Ko te matū āhuatanga Are isoprene rite he angamaheni haumi diene e tapoko ana ki te whakawhitia ngā tauhohenga, tua atu, chelation, cyclization telomerization. tauhohe Active ki electrophiles me dienophiles.

tono

Ko te nuinga o te isoprene, hua nei te i te kau, whakamahia te i roto i te kōtuitui o isoprene rapa, rite i roto i te hanganga me te āhuatanga o te rapa tūturu. Kei te whakamahia te reira i tino pai mo te hanga o potae. hua atu te tīariari atu isoprene polymerization - polyisoprene e whakamahi tino iti, mai te mea āhuatanga o gutta-percha. Mai i e hanga ai, mo te tauira, mātao hoki waea me pōro korowha. Kei te whakamahia rapa Isoprene mo te hanga o ngā hua rapa, te wahi i te huinga o rubbers waihanga tūturu me ētahi atu.

Hei tauira, ki te whakaiti i te tackiness tapiritia rubbers methyl styrene butadiene, faarahi hoki te manawanui rohirohi, ki te te deformation o te maha. E tapiritia Nitrites ki te ātete Ozone me te ātete ki te wera hoholo. Ko te kupu, mātakitaki i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga hangarau rubbers isoprene maitai faaite mai ratou ka whakamahi i whitiki nekeneke, ngongo momi ranei, ki te ngahaú mīhini anga, i roto i te hanga o hu, rata, me te tahi atu hua.

pūmate taiao

Isoprene ngāwari pakū, tahuna. I roto i te nohanga nui i roto i te tinana kia arahi ki pāpāngia me te mate. te nuinga puta tenei i te waiwai kōhauhau, a na reira haere ki te pākia o te pūnaha romahā ina te tahuri te isoprene ki epoxides me diols.

whakaaro kukū High te ki e wha tekau milligrams ia mita pūtoru - ko te rohe horopeta. Ka taea e whai nohanga iti o isoprene i roto i te rangi i runga i te tangata i te pānga whakapōauau, take ritenga o nga kanohi, kiri, wahi romahā me kiriuhi mucous.

koiora

Kua kitea kaipūtaiao Modern e kohu isoprene tukua ki te huru tata katoa otaota. Ko te ao isoprene rōrahi phytogenic arotakea i roto i āhua ^_(180-450). Hakihea ¹⁰ karamu o te waro ia tau. Tenei tukanga He tere ki te te rangi pāmahana ko tata ki te toru tekau degrees, me te mea e te reira te tino kaha o solar radiation i te ahotakakame ko kukū rawa. Isoprene biosynthesis fosmidomycin leva me hononga o te maha o statins. He aha ngā tipu te mahi e tenei - e kore e matau tino. Pea isoprene homai reira ratou pūmautanga anō ki pukā. I tua atu, ko reira he tikanga kaihopu tuwhena taea te tiaki i ngā otaota ki ngā momo hāora kaha, me te pekerangi te rongo.

Ano, kua fokotu'u aivanaa e te ariā isoprene hanga noho tonu tatou NADPH me ATP rāpoi ngota e e piki otaota i roto i te ahotakakame. No reira, wehe o isoprene tiaki ki kino photooxidative me perevosstanovleniya ki te māramatanga nui. Ko te ngoikoretanga i roto i tenei tikanga korero kia i te waro, hua nei te ki taua uaua i roto i te tukanga o te ahotakakame, kua poto i runga i te tohanga o isoprene. I tipu, kihai i mutu aivanaa ka kitea atu e te tinana tangata, ko te taea e ki te whakaputa i waiwaro diene, isoprene ano, a ka ko te noa tino i roto ia ratou.