IBM-PC. PC

IBM - he kaporeihana nui, whakatapua tenei ra ki te hoahoa me te tuku o rorohiko, pūmanawa me ētahi atu hua tiketike-tech. Kua kawea te reira ki te mākete maha hua hou I roto i tona hītori-tau 100 neke atu i. Ko reira kua puta te whakawhetai ki rorohiko IBM i tata te kāinga katoa.

timata

haere mai IBM i te wa ka i ara uaua ki te whakaaro i te rorohiko whaiaro. I te 1896 ka whakaturia te reira e Herman Hollerith. Ko te ingoa o te kamupene ka riro TMC ka whai wāhi i roto i te mīhini hanga kaute e i hokona te nuinga ki ngā pokapū kāwanatanga.

I te timatanga o tona hītori, riro te kamupene he tikanga nui i te Tāhuhu o te Tatauranga, a ko te kupu ka mau tonu te tūranga nui i roto i te mākete. Heoi, nga kaiwhakatū me rangatira e tika ana ki ngā raruraru hauora tonu i ki te hoko i te kamupene pai-mohiotia poto pūtea o Charles Flint. kua utua Millionaire mo te kamupene he moni nui i roto i aua ra ki te 2.3 bln. Tara.

Ko te putanga o IBM

I muri i te whiwhi mana o te kamupene TMC, timata tonu Charles Flint tona feohi ki ētahi atu rawa, hei tauira, ITRC ko CSC. Ko te hua ko te tauira o te "Rapa puru" hou - te FKT kaporeihana.

timata kamupene i hanga te tuku o ngā momo o taputapu, e ōrite ana ki te wa. I roto i te reira i unahi, mahi pūnaha wa kaute me, tino nui, taputapu kāri tokua. Te reira i tata te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te whakawhitinga o te kamupene mo te hanga o rorohiko.

puta IBM waitohu mo te wa tuatahi i roto i 1917 i roto i te mākete Canadian. Ko e founga kua whakaritea e te kamupene ki te whakaatu e kua riro te reira i te kaporeihana te ao. I muri rawaka angitu o te ingoa hou o te wehenga US i roto i 1924, ka puta ke tona ingoa ki IBM.

Ko te tau i muri mai torutoru, mātātoa tonu te kamupene ki te whakapai ake i ona ake hangarau, te hanga i tētahi momo hou o kāri tokua ki te ingoa IBM Card. Ano, ano he wāhi ki te kirimana kāwanatanga nui e taea ki te kawe i te reira i roto i tata kore whakaiti noa i roto i te Topatariraa Rahi i te kaporeihana.

IBM a Pakanga II o te Ao

Kua kaha mahi tahi IBM ki te tikanga Nasí i roto i Germany. I roto i te 1933, i muri ka haere Hitilā ki te mana i roto i Germany kaporeihana ara rere ona ake wheketere. Heoi, ko te kamupene, rite te nuinga atu umanga American, e ai ta te hoko anake o mihini, me te kore e whakaaro ki tenei tautoko aratau.

I roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te whawhai, te kaporeihana te nuinga mahi i roto i te supply o te mua o te raupapa kāwanatanga. Kua tīmata ia ki te hanga hira pū mō te whiua poma, raiwhara, wahi o motors me ētahi atu taonga hōia faufaa. Ko te upoko o te kaporeihana ka whakapumautia te taha pai iti o te 1%, i haere kihai ki nga kaipupuri hea, me te ki nga hiahia o moni āwhina.

Ko te tau o rorohiko

Ko te IBM-PC tuatahi tukua i roto i 1941-1943, ka i te ingoa "Mark-ahau». Kotahi mīhini he mīharo 4.5 taranata. I muri whakamatautau tona whakarewatanga mōhiohio ka tango wahi anake i roto i te 1944, i muri i neke ki University Harvard.

I roto i te meka, "kua nui ake Mark-ahau» tāpiri mīhini, engari i roto i aunoatanga me te hōtaka kaha, ko ia te rorohiko hiko tuatahi.

Ko tino Kāore te mahi tahi o te kaporeihana te ao, me te tino kaiwhakawhanake Howard Aiken. tonu IBM-PC ki te whakawhanake i waho a ia. Ka rite ki te hua, i te 1952 tukua te kamupene nga rorohiko korehau ngongo tuatahi.

I roto i te mutunga o 1950 kua hanga te IBM-e hāngai ana-PC transistors tuatahi. Ngā mihi ki tenei whakapai ake i taea e te whakapai ake i te tika o rorohiko , me te hanga i runga i to ratou kaupapa o te korero tuatahi ki te pūnaha pere whakaeke. I te wa ano, i reira ko te production IBM rorohiko tuatahi ki te kōpae mārō. Heoi, ko te puku whakaaturia ki te rangatira Soviet i roto i 1958, tū ia rua ruma i nui a ko 5 MB. kua whakaturia IBM te utu mo te mea hoki kaua nui. Ko te tauira tuatahi o te puku mārō i utu e pā ana ki 50 mano US tara i utu o te ra. Otiia ko anake te timatanga tenei.

ahua IBM Pūnaha Tuatahi

I roto i te 1964, i te aroaro o te IBM-rorohiko hou. Kua puta ke ratou tino me whakatakoto ana te paerewa mō ngā tau ki te haere mai. riro te utuafare te ingoa IBM Pūnaha / 360. Ko te motokā tuatahi, i whakaaetia ki te whakapiki ake i āta te mana tukatuka mā te huri i te tauira, me e kore e huri i te pūmanawa. Ko reira i roto i enei mainframes hoki timata te wa tuatahi ki te kia tono hangarau microcode.

E IBM Kua riro rorohiko i te hoahoanga rawa angitu, kua meinga nei e te paerewa de märena mō tau maha. Na i tenei ra, e whakamahia ana he raupapa o Z Pūnaha, i te mea he hokohoko atu arorau o te rārangi Pūnaha / 360 te tino kaha.

Ko te PC tuatahi

E kore e nga rorohiko whaiaro IBM whakaaro rite te mākete whaihua. Heoi, i roto i te tau 1976 whakaurua reira te raupapa papamahi rorohiko tuatahi IBM 5100. I hangaia te reira atu hoki Engineers, me te kore nui mō te mahi tari whakamahi whaiaro ranei.

Ko te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi, "Rapa puru" aroaro i anake i roto i te tau 1981. I roto i te meka, e kore kua te kamupene tino tumanako mo tona angitu. Ko Ko te aha te nuinga o ona wāhanga hokona i ētahi atu kamupene. ngā te rorohiko hou i roto i te whānau IBM PC 5150 ka ka te ingoa.

Ko te rongonui o IBM PC

Ko te pūtukatuka hou i a Intel ui me pūnaha mahi hou, e te tino pai tapaea kamupene taitamariki whakaturia e Bill Gates.

Ko te take tino nui i kawea mai te rongonui o PC ka tuwhera hoahoanga. Ko te Corporation mo te wa tuatahi whakarerea nga parau tumu wā roa-a kihai i tono ki te pūmārō raihana BIOS ranei. Kua whakaaetia tenei he momo o tuatoru-rōpū e hāngai ana i runga i ngā whakaputaina hohoro whakapumautia whakaminenga "iramate".

Open hoahoanga whakarato atu hua pērā i te kaha ki te whaiaro hanga-a ao hou, o rorohiko. I roto i te heke mai, kua hoatu te whanaketanga o rorohiko whaiaro.

Heoi, IBM iho tata kihai i whiwhi ki nga rorohiko mākete kāinga. Ko te taketake IBM PC ko te tauira utu. I tua atu ki tenei huinga taketake o te hoko e hiahiatia ana pūmana pīngore me te puku ratou. titiro atu te fafau mai whakataetae i roto i tenei papamuri.

Otiia, tamata te kamupene ki te whakarewa i te maha o ngā tauira, me te mo ngā kaiwhakamahi te kāinga. Ko tētahi o ratou, ka karanga a IBM PCjr i roto i nga whakaaro rorohiko kino rawa 25. Otiia i hohoro mutu hanga o tenei tauira.

I IBM, kua te wāhanga pakihi tuku iho ite nui, tae atu i roto i te mākete rorohiko whaiaro. I tutuki tēnei mā te āhukahuka waitohu teitei, whakaaro marketing. te angitu o te hua ko te putanga o IBM PC / mīhini XT me IBM PC / AT.

Ko te pona tuatahi

Ahakoa te tuatahi kino nui huru ki rorohiko whaiaro, takoha te Rapa i ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki. Tuatahi o te katoa, uesia reira te angitu rutaki IBM PC. E te ara, i hanga te mahere hoko āhua-ā-tau o te rorohiko whaiaro tuatahi i roto i iti iho i te 30 nga ra.

Ka rite ki te hua, ua faaoti te kamupene ki te haere tonu ki te hanga i tētahi rorohiko iti. Ko te hua ko te tauira 68 raupapa o 5155, e hua e pā ana ki e rua nga tau, mai i te timatanga o 1984-th. A iti i muri mai, ka kite i te ao te pukapuka i IBM. riro ratou i te tauira Convertible.

IBM Convertible pona tuatahi i runga i te hoko i roto i te tīmatanga o 1986, ka, ahakoa nga ngā āhua tano, whakaputaina noa 1991. O nga innovations ko e pūrere rawa te PC tuatahi i te kaporeihana nui te ki te 3.5 "puku pīngore.

90 tau

E te 90 th tau o te kaporeihana nui ki te ngaro tere tūranga i roto i te mākete PC, engari tonu hoki te wa roa ki te tuku i ngā tauira hou o rorohiko pahoho me pūkoro.

Tuatahi, i roto i te 1990, whakaurua IBM i runga i te mākete i te rorohiko hou ki te hoahoanga tino hou, me te taputapu me ngā pūmanawa wahi hotokore o te whakatupuranga o mua.

Kua riro te rorohiko hou te pahi raraunga hou, a he tokomaha o nga wae kua puta ke i roto i te ara taua e kamupene iti tākaro ratou i Ahia i tata taea e tika ana ki ngā take hangarau, me te raihana. Ko rahua kua hoahoanga. Ahakoa etahi innovations whakamahia i roto i enei PC, roa roa nui, hei tauira, tūhono hoki keyboard me PS kiore / 2 Kei te te tahi mau taime whakamahia noa i roto i mihini hou.

I te wa ano, hua te kamupene he raupapa o rorohiko i he hototahi ki te whakatupuranga o mua huaina te PS / 1, a muri - Aptiva.

Ko te rorohiko whakamutunga whaiaro whakaputaina e "Blue Big". Na roto i te 1996-1997, kua whakamōkitohia te hanga o mihini mo tenei wāhanga mākete.

2000 me te withdrawal whakamutunga i te mākete PC

He IBM, ahakoa te mutunga o te whanaketanga me te hanga o te PC pahoho tonu ki te whakaputa i me te hoko rawa te pai i roto i te mākete pukatuhi. Kua ara tonu ētahi kaiwhakamahi ki te whakapono rorohiko IBM paerewa o te hanga.

I roto i te 2004, tangohia te Corporation he whakatau uaua, rite ki te hua o te mahi katoa o te hokohoko rorohiko whaiaro me rorohiko hokona kamupene Hainamana Lenovo. arotahi ana te kamupene ake te i runga i te nui ake ngā mo te mākete tūmau nui, me ngā ratonga tautoko. Ahua muri, hokona IBM ka haere mai te tahi atu wae e hono reira ki te hanga PC, hei tauira, whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o kōpae mārō Tari i raro i te mana o te Hitachi.

Ko te hītori roa o IBM whakahohea kua whakaemi te kamupene wheako nui i roto i te hanga o te taputapu rorohiko me te pūmanawa. I teie mahana, ahakoa te withdrawal i te mākete PC, te kamupene kua he mana kaha i runga i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi.