He aha te mea te pūnaha koiora? pūnaha koiora: āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, whakahaere

Ko te ariā o te pūnaha taumata-maha o te whakahaere ora - tetahi o nga take matua i roto i te pūtaiao hou. taonga koiora katoa, kia rite ki a ia, kua piri ki runga ki te pūtake o etahi āhuatanga me te hononga tata, me te e whakaritea i roto i te tetahi raupapa aroākapa. He ao mo te katoa o te āhua i roto i te whānui parau tumu e rite. Taunga ki te meka e taua pūnaha koiora, he reira pai ki te tīmata ki te whakamāramatanga o ngā ariā matua.

ariā whānui

whakatakotoria ngā ariā taketake i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga e Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Ko ia te tangata e whakawhanakehia te ariā whānui o ngā pūnaha. hipokina te reira i te katoa ngā o te natura , me te hapori. tāutu Theory te koiora, pāpori, wāhi, tinana, ngā pūnaha ōhanga me te tahi atu e ngā toru ngā kāwai matua: he microcosm, macrocosm me megaworld. Ko nga matūriki timatanga me te ngota te tuatahi ki te tuarua - mea katoa i ngā rāpoi ngota ki fenua me ngā moana, ko te tuatoru - nga taonga wāhi. Macrocosm me ngā pūnaha ora.

Ko te ariā taketake

ngā mema uniana e hāngai ana i runga i etahi whanaungatanga, etahi mahi o kaiwhakahaere - Pūnaha. Ko te whakahaere o te hanganga pēnei, rite ki te tikanga, ngā o te maha taumata whakahau. I roto i tenei take e taea ia huānga e rua pūnaha kia iti teitei. He taonga nui o te whakahaere taua: ko qualitatively rerekē i te moni o ona wāhanga katoa te katoa. Pūnaha - he huinga kore noa o ngā āhuatanga o te huānga, te mea he momo o te kounga hou.

ahanoa katoa o te ao ora, he hanganga rite. A kounga, hua i te whakakotahi i te maha o ngā āhuatanga, he mea he faaiteraa hou o te ora.

tuwhera

He mahara ki taua taua pūnaha koiora, titau te whakamārama o tetahi atu taonga o ngā hanganga rite. Tenei pāhekoheko ki te taiao. I roto i te ariā, te whakahaere o ngā pūnaha koiora e taea kia nukuhia tuwhera ranei. I runga i te mahi pūtaiao matau o kahore hanganga tino kopakia ana. Tetahi pūnaha ora tonu pāhekoheko ki te taiao i roto i te tahi mau membrane āhua-rohe. Pūtau - bilipidnaya reira membrane i te teihana wāhi - he hipoki. pūnaha pāpori e ngā e te tikanga o te ture whanaungatanga motuhake o te iwi ranei.

Huri i te reira i roto i, te whakahoki ki te pātai "He aha te mea te pūnaha koiora" Ka taea te whakarāpopoto e whai ake: he huinga o ngā tamau o ngā pūtau ora, i hanga i roto i te tetahi raupapa aroākapa me tuwhera ki rerekē nekehanga, ki whakawhiti ki te taiao.

taunakitanga

te āhuatanga motuhake katoa o enei hanganga - ko ngā paearu e rua rerekē i te natura popohe. karanga matou tohu o pūnaha koiora me ratou whakamārama poto o:

1. He pūhui matū kotahi. E hangaia nga taonga tūturu katoa o te taua rāpoi. Heoi noho mea huānga rite faufaa ngā waro, hauota, te hāora, me te hauwai.
2. Pākia ki te taiao. Ko te maia o te taonga pūnaha whakaahuatia tenei. Ko tētahi o ona faaiteraa - te pähekeheke o taua hanganga.
3. Whaiaro-tukuruatanga (uri).
4. Whakapapa - āhuatanga whakawhiti taonga o te hanganga me te mahi i te whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga.
5. Rerekētanga - ki te whiwhi rawa i roto i te ora o nga āhuatanga me ngā pūkenga hou.
6. Tupu me te whanaketanga. E whakahaua huringa tina heke. Tohatoha whanaketanga takitahi me te hītori o ngā pūnaha ora, ka karanga ontogeny me phylogeny, aua.
7. Kārangirangi (reflexes Taxis) - te taonga ki te whakautu ki whakaohooho, me te huringa taiao.
8. Motuhake. ngā o te āhuatanga motuhake, engari pāhekoheko hanga he hanganga aroākapa Tetahi pūnaha ora.
9. Whaiaro-ture. He tikanga ā-mō te whakaū i homeostasis, whai wāhi ki te ora o te pūnaha. hāngai ana whaiaro-ture kei runga i te parau tumu o te urupare kino.
10. Rhythmicity. Whakapakari i a paruparu o ngā tukanga i wā auau.

Taumata o te whakahaere o ngā pūnaha koiora

E tonu enei āhuatanga katoa i tetahi wā o te hanganga aroākapa. E kitea taumata Basic o whakahaere o ngā pūnaha koiora kaua te noho, mai taea te wehea tetahi o ratou i roto i te maha wāhanga. I roto i te whānui, kōrero e pā ana ki te wāhanga e wha o tenei nahanaha:

• taumata ira rāpoi;
• taumata whanaketanga;
• taumata taupori-momo;
• taumata biogeocenotic.

Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

taumata ira rāpoi

Pērā macromolecules pērā i pūmua, lipids, warowaihā me waikawa karihi he āhuatanga hanganga o te rauropi, engari e ratou e kore e taketake ora tonu.

Ia o enei āhuatanga mahi ona mahi. Warowaihā - he puna o te pūngao. Lipids Ko te wahi o te membrane wē o ngā pūtau. Ko te kaiwhakarato pūngao hoki ratou. Pūmua mahi te nuinga o ngā mahi ora. ngā ratou o rua tekau momo waikawa amino e kia Ororongo ai i roto i tetahi tikanga. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira he he maha nui o pūmua e taea akakoromaki i mahi rawa rerekē. Ko te karihi waikawa DNA me te RNA, - te pūtake o te whakapapa.

E ngā Macromolecules ki complexes, hanga organelles pūtau: ribosomes, pungaraungao, myofibrils, a na i runga i. He kawenga hoki etahi tohu koiora katoa o ratou, otiia e kore e tae te taumata o te whīwhiwhi e taea te huaina ora.

Te taahiraa i muri mai

He aha ngā pūnaha koiora ko te taumata whanaketanga? kaiao reira katoa, mai i rauropi pūtau me te whakamutu ki te whāngote me te tangata, me te whēkau, te kopa, me ngā pūtau o te tinana. Ka taea te i titiro enei āhuatanga katoa rite taumata takitahi o whakahaere o ngā pūnaha koiora, engari mo te haratau me te hoki o nga ture whānui, e tahoê ratou.

Cell - wae hanganga timatanga o te hanganga o kaiao. Ko te taumata o te whīwhiwhi o te pūnaha koiora, e tuatahi puta rite te āhuatanga o te ora ia. Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, hanganga atu ohie whakarato anake etahi āhuatanga. Whare herehere hoki kua nga āhuatanga katoa o ngā pūnaha koiora.

Kopa me okana - taumata iti takawaenga atamira whanaketanga. Muri ratou ko te rauropi multicellular. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te kaha o motuhake oraraa, te whanaketanga me te whakaputa uri. Tenei āhuatanga titore te takitahi me ngā pūtau i okana me te kopa.

Taupori, me te tiro

Mai i te atamira ki te atamira riro pūnaha koiora atu uaua. I te taumata i muri i reira he momo me taupori. Ko te tuatahi ko te huinga o takitahi, āhuatanga e faitatau tuku o te maha o ngā tawhā: Morphology, whaiaroaro, te iranga, wāhi matawhenua. Na tino nui: nga rauropi e hanga ake te puka, e taea noa te täne o ka waiho uri hua.

He rōpū o takitahi e te tetahi rohe, e kiia nei ko nohoanga. Tino maha, kua pakaru te reira i roto i ngā mau haafifiraa matawhenua. Ka rite ki te hua, kua wehea te puka ki te maha taupori āhua taratahi. Noatia, whai wāhi nga tikanga o ua apee mai i te toenga o te puka ki te haaputuputuraa o te rauemi ira motuhake. Ki te tohu kaha o ź o taupori, momo hou.

rauwiringa kaiao

I roto i te raupapatanga o ngā taupori me ngā momo kia biogeocoenosis hapori me te Kōhaumataora. Ko te tuatahi ko te huinga o ngā taupori o ngā momo rerekē, kua whakanohoia i roto i te rohe taua. Tohatoha tipu, kararehe me ngā hapori koiora. Ka ratou huinga i roto i te wāhi kotahi e huaina te biocoenosis. Kei te āhuatanga e te hononga tata o takitahi katoa enei taumata o ngā pūnaha koiora.

Ko te tikanga i roto i nei te rauropi tīariari tūturu pā ratou. He fakakātoa 'o enei āhuatanga āhua popohe ka karanga o te rohe te biotope. Ko Taiao me te hapori o kaiao i ngā tamau, i reira te mea he tohanga o mea, me te pūngao. Reira biotope me biocenosis ngā i roto i te biogeocoenosis hauropi ranei. Kei te hoki āhuatanga tenei taumata e nga āhuatanga katoa o te hunga ora: ko tonu ia i roto i te whakapā atu ki te taiao, kei te whakahaere i te reira i runga i te parau tumu o tukanga whaiaro ture-he ngohengohe ki etahi huringa.

I te taumata teitei o te raupapatanga tuu ao koiora o te whenua - e nohoia e te mea ora i te anga. pānga nui ki runga reira he mahi a te tangata e fakautuutu arata'i ki fakatamaki kaiao.

He aha te mea te pūnaha koiora? I roto i te meka, te reira te mea ora katoa e haati nei ia tatou. rerekē te tangata i te tahi atu āhuatanga i roto i te ao koiora, te kaha ki te mohio ki, a ko te kupu anga ka whakarerekē tona mahi. Ahakoa kei te mahi tenei kaha, ko te Homo sapiens ki te natura. Heoi, no te mea o te reira to tatou i te whai wāhi ki te whakatika i te reira.